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Investigation of the protective effects of steroid and uridine against liver and small intestine damage in the rat liver ischemia reperfusion model
No full textTıp Fakültesi, Genel Cerrahi Ana Bilim DalıAmaç: Mast hücrelerinin, iskemi dönemini izleyen reperfüzyon sürecinde hem karaciğer hemde barsakta aktive olarak pek çok kimyasal mediatör salgıladığı ve bu mediatörler aracılığıyla lokal ve sistemik hasarı daha da arttırdığına yönelik birçok deneysel çalışma olduğu görüldü. Bizde bu çalışmamızda, daha önce yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarına da bakarak bir antioksidan ve antiinflamatuar olan prednizolon ve üridinin, karaciğer ve ince barsakta oluşan hasar ve buna bağlı gelişen sistemik inflamatuar yanıtı engellemek amacıyla kullanılabilirliğini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal Metod: Strese maruz kalmamış ve standarda uygun kafeslerde bakılan 40 adet 4 aylık 220-240 gr dişi Wistar Albino rat kullanıldı. Pringle manevrası için portal ven, hepatik arter ve hepatik kanalı içeren hepatik pedikül izole edildikten sonra klemp uygulandı. 45 dakika iskemiden sonra klemp açıldı daha sonra 2 saat boyunca reperfüzyon sağlandı. Deney hayvanları, her biri 8 rat olmak üzere beş gruba rastgele dağıtıldı; Kontrol gurubu (sadece laparotomi), I / R, I / R + Prednizolon (10mg/kg İV iskemiden 5 dakika önce), I / R + Üridin (30mg/kg İV iskemiden 5 dakika önce), I / R+ Üridin (30mg/kg İV iskemiden 5 dakika önce) +Prednizolon (10mg/kg İV iskemiden 5 dakika önce). Deney sonunda alınan ileum ve karaciğer örnekleri, hemotoksilen eozin ile boyanarak histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Kardiyak kanda ise Chymase-1 enzim aktivitesi ölçüldü. Chymase ölçümünde BT-LAB ELISA assay kiti kullanıldı. PBS ile yıkanan dokular DNA hasarı açısından 8-OhDG antikoru ile inflamatuar reaksiyon açısından iNOS antikorları ile 1/200 dilusyon oranında oda ısısında 1 saat süreyle inkubasyona bırakıldı. Gruplar arasındaki farklılık nonparametrik testlerden olan Kruskal Wallis ile farklılığı oluşturan grup ise Mann Whitney U testi ile değerlendirildi (p <0.05). Bulgular: Kontrol grubuna göre diğer uygulama gruplarında karaciğer ve bağırsak örnekleri histopatolojik olarak anlamlı farklar tespit edildi. (p<0.05).İmmunohistokimyasal yöntemle yapılan boyamalarda karaciğerde ve ince barsakta 8-OhDG ve iNOS pozitifliği yönünden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar tespit edildi (p<0.05).Alınan Kardiyak kanlarda Chymase-1 enzim aktivitesine bakıldı ve üridinin I/R hasarını iyileştirme etkisi olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Karaciğer ve İntestinal iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına bağlı gelişen lokal doku hasarı ve sistemik inflamatuar yanıt tablosunda mast hücreleri baş roldedir. Üridin gibi bir mast hücresi membran stabilizatörü ile mast hücre fonksiyonlarının inhibe edilmesi, prednizolon ise serbest radikal temizleyicisi olarak rol oynayabilir, bu nedenle serbest oksijen radikallerinin oluşturduğu lipid peroksidasyonunu önleyebilir. hem lokal doku hasarını azaltacak hem de sistemik inflamatuar yanıt sendromu ve çoklu organ yetersizliği tablosuna giden süreci engellemektedir. Ancak, mast hücresi membran stabilizatörlerinin bu amaçla klinik uygulamalarda rutin olarak yer bulabilmesi için; fazla sayıda hasta grubu ile planlanacak klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: iskemi reperfüzyon hasarı, üridin, prednizolonObjective: It has been observed that mast cells secrete many chemical mediators by being activated in both the liver and intestine during the reperfusion process following the ischemia period, and there are many experimental studies that further increase local and systemic damage through these mediators. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usability of prednisolone and uridine, which are antioxidants and anti-inflammatory, in order to prevent damage to the liver and small intestine and the resulting systemic inflammatory response by looking at the results of previous studies. Material and Method: Forty 4-month-old 220-240 gr female Wistar Albino rats, which were not exposed to stress and kept in cages in accordance with the standard, were used. For the Pringle maneuver, the hepatic pedicle containing the portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct was isolated and clamped. After 45 minutes of ischemia, the clamp was opened, then reperfusion was achieved for 2 hours. Experimental animals were randomly distributed into five groups, each of which was 8 rats; Control group (laparotomy only), I / R, I / R + Prednisolone (10mg/kg 5 minutes before IV ischemia), I / R + Uridine (30mg / kg 5 minutes before IV ischemia), I / R + Uridine (30mg/ kg 5 minutes before IV ischemia) + Prednisolone (10 mg/kg 5 minutes before IV ischemia). At the end of the experiment, ileum and liver samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and evaluated histopathologically. Chymase-1 enzyme activity was measured in cardiac blood. BT-LAB ELISA assay kit was used for chymase measurement. Tissues washed with PBS were incubated with 8-OhDG antibody for DNA damage and iNOS antibodies for inflammatory reaction at 1/200 dilution at room temperature for 1 hour. The difference between the groups was evaluated with Kruskal Wallis, which is one of the nonparametric tests, and the group that created the difference was evaluated with the Mann Whitney U test (p <0.05). Results: There were significant histopathological differences in liver and intestine samples in the other treatment groups compared to the control group. (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were detected in the staining of the liver and small intestine in terms of 8-OhDG and iNOS positivity in immunohistochemical staining (p<0.05). Chymase-1 enzyme activity was checked in the cardiac blood samples and the effect of uridine on I/R damage was improved. appeared to be. Conclusion: Mast cells play a leading role in local tissue damage and systemic inflammatory response due to liver and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Inhibiting mast cell functions with a mast cell membrane stabilizer such as uridine, and prednisolone can act as a free radical scavenger, thus preventing lipid peroxidation caused by free oxygen radicals. it will both reduce local tissue damage and prevent the process leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multi-organ failure. However, in order for mast cell membrane stabilizers to be routinely used in clinical applications for this purpose; There is a need for clinical studies to be planned with a large number of patient groups. Keywords: ischemia reperfusion injury, uridine, prednisolon
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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