1,720,955 research outputs found
Impact of HIV on estimates of child mortality derived using the summary birth history (CEB/CS) Method
No full textThis study investigates the extent of bias in the estimates of infant and under-five mortality derived from the Brass children ever born children surviving (CEB/CS) method as a result of HIV/AIDS. The bias is estimated by comparing the infant and under-five mortality derived from the CEB/CS method with direct estimates from the full birth history data from recent DHS data. The estimates from the full birth history data have been corrected for bias due to HIV/AIDS using the method used by IGME. IMRs and U5MRs derived from data from women aged 25-39 were underestimated by up to 15% in the six countries studied. Estimates of bias in data derived from women aged 20-24 differed between countries. The results from these younger women could be affected by differences between the indirect and direct methods of estimation. In two of the countries, estimates of overall bias of more than 30% were observed. The bulk of the overall bias is due to the effect of HIV on the survival of mothers and their children. The choice of model life table does not introduce much bias, especially in estimates of under-five mortality where the absolute bias in most countries was less than 3%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Record linkage for routinely collected health data in an African health information exchange
No full textThe Patient Master Index (PMI) plays an important role in management of patient information and
epidemiological research, and the availability of unique patient identifiers improves the accuracy when
linking patient records across disparate datasets. In our environment, however, a unique identifier is
seldom present in all datasets containing patient information. Quasi identifiers are used to attempt to
link patient records but sometimes present higher risk of over-linking. Data quality and completeness
thus affect the ability to make correct linkages. This paper describes the record linkage system that is currently implemented at the Provincial Health
Data Centre (PHDC) in the Western Cape, South Africa, and assesses its output to date
Ten quick tips for protecting health data using de-identification and perturbation of structured datasets
No full textStructured patient data generated within the health data ecosystem are shared both internally for operational use and also externally for research and public health benefit. Protecting individual privacy and health data confidentiality in these contexts relies on data de-identification and anonymisation, although there are no universally accepted standards for these processes and the techniques involved can be technically complex. We present practical recommendations grounded in the principle of data minimisation-avoiding unnecessary granularity and identifying variables that could lead to re-identification when combined with other datasets. We provide practical guidance for anonymising and perturbing structured health data in ways that support compliance with data protection laws, describing technical and operational methods for reducing re-identification risk that include rounding numerical values, replacing precise values with ranges, adding jitter to numeric fields, aggregating data, management of date values and separating sensitive fields from identifying data to prevent linkage leading to re-identification. While some methods require advanced technical knowledge, we focus here on accessible strategies that can be implemented without specialist expertise, recognising the importance of the legal and governance frameworks in which anonymisation occurs. These guidelines support researchers, data managers and institutions in sharing health data responsibly, maintaining data utility while upholding privacy and promoting ethical and legal data stewardship for data-driven health research.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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