11 research outputs found
Indefeasibility of Title and Adverse Possession in Kenya: An Uneasy Relationship?
No full textThe doctrine of adverse possession conjures up deep emotional and philosophical arguments, centuries after its inception. While courts have perpetually been called upon to pronounce themselves on the fairness of the doctrine, a new formidable challenge has now been levelled against the principle-that of its relevance to 21st century land law. The debate rages on in courtrooms and parliamentary floors around the world, calling lawmakers, members of the bar and the bench to contribute to the keep or discard dichotomy. This paper makes an argument for the incompatibility of adverse possession with an era characterized by rigorous registration systems. The analysis begins by tracing the history of adverse possession and then proceeds towards an empirical assessment of the arguments in favour of, and against the doctrine. The discourse then contextualizes the discussion to Kenya’s land law and concludes by making an argument against the retention of the doctrine with respect to registered land
WORK-FAMILY BALANCE IN A NEW AGE- AN AFRICAN ‘MILLENNIAL’S’ CONUNDRUM.docx
No full text
The work-family interface has been an area of increasing scholarly interest, especially within the second half of the 21st century. Researchers in this field have attempted to define and shape the manner in which the work and family components interact, resulting in a growing body of dyadic theorizations. At the same time, generational categorizations of employees on the basis of their ostensible peculiarities continues to fuel an entire corpus of workplace research, broadly informing curricula and establishing consultancy organizations designed to empower organizational leadership in managing different generations in the workplace. Both of these research trajectories are important in responding to the evolving concepts of work and family, but they largely frame a Western experience. The goal of this paper is to contextualize the two strands of discussion within an African context, providing an empirical examination into the ways in which digitization and rapid urbanization are radically shaping the understandings of work and family.</p
Invigorating Kenya’s absorptive capacity for health, safety and environmental technology in the upstream petroleum sector
No full textA Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Laws, at Strathmore UniversityHealth, safety and environmental concerns have accompanied oil and gas operations in fields across the world. The rise of digital technology and its successful application across various industries has presented hope for the identification, prevention and mitigation of traditional upstream concerns. While there is rapid development of technological innovations geared towards making oil fields safer, improving efficiency and increasing compliance with environmental regulations, their deployment within the African oil and gas sector is disappointingly low. Financial constraints, lack of awareness of the technology’s existence and apprehension at making the digital leap have already been blamed for the low uptake. This thesis traces the low deployment of HSE technology to legal and institutional gaps, arguing that the already identified factors do in fact flow from lacunas in these two fields. Employing qualitative review on the growing body of literature in relation to oilfield HSE technology, the thesis elevates technology absorption over technology transfer, demonstrating its superiority as a sustainable approach to technology acquisition. The active involvement of the recipient country in determining its upstream HSE risks, identifying technological innovations capable of addressing those needs and developing capacity to assimilate and customize imported technology are found to be particularly helpful to Kenya as both a developing nation and emergent oil producer. By evaluating the key drivers of technology absorption in terms of awareness, availability, affordability and accessibility, the study is able to identify the specific challenges constricting Kenya’s absorptive capacity to HSE technology. The legal and institutional reforms proposed in the study provide emphasis and practical means of invigorating Kenya’s capacity to absorb HSE technology in its upstream sector
SUMMARY OF 100 DIVORCE CAUSES DECIDED AT THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA FOR THE PERIOD BETWEEN 2014-2023.pdf
No full textThe subject of divorce, encompassing its trends, causes, and consequences, has undergone extensive examination from sociological, philosophical, and health perspectives. In contrast, legal viewpoints on divorce occupy a relatively limited portion of the overall research landscape. Given that the court system plays a central role in the dissolution of marriages, the patterns emergent from divorce proceedings have the potential to yield valuable insights crucial for the formulation of interventions and policies aimed at reinforcing marriages. This study delves into an extensive decade-long dataset of 100 divorce cases in Kenya, spanning from 2014 to 2023, with a view to extracting valuable legal perspectives. The analysis explores the prominent reasons for divorce, the gender-related aspects of petition filings, the average duration of marriages according to their form and the age of children at the time of petitioning. The conclusions drawn from this study provide a foundation for essential multidisciplinary discussions and offers a promising pathway to enhance marital relationships, not only within Kenya but also in broader contexts.</p
Marketing an Academic Program: A Myth Maybe?
No full textUndergraduate students choose on an area of concentration or the major. There are a lot of factors that influence this decision including the following: risk, expected earnings level, family background, instructors, friends, probability of success, future career prospects etc. Business students likewise are faced with this decision and will be influenced by various variables in making a decision on the area to major in. Our research focuses on business students of Thompson Rivers University who are in their early part of their studies. We have analyzed the reasons for students choosing their major and have presented our recommendations paying particular attention to the differences between domestic and international students.Not peer reviewe
Marketing an Academic Program: A Myth Maybe?
No full textUndergraduate students choose on an area of concentration or the major. There are a lot of factors
that influence this decision including the following: risk, expected earnings level, family
background, instructors, friends, probability of success, future career prospects etc. Business
students likewise are faced with this decision and will be influenced by various variables in making
a decision on the area to major in.
Our research focuses on business students of Thompson Rivers University who are in their
early part of their studies. We have analyzed the reasons for students choosing their major and have
presented our recommendations paying particular attention to the differences between domestic
and international students.Not peer reviewe
Entrepreneurial marketing: a strategy for the twenty‐first century?
No full textPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the author's view of the role of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) as a strategy to address the dynamic marketing environment of recent times.Design/methodology/approachThe author reflects on some significant marketing changes and provides some contemporary example of companies that have successfully adopted EM approaches and challenged traditional marketing wisdom.FindingsEM is best conceived not as a nexus between marketing and entrepreneurship, but as an augmented process, where both the entrepreneur and the customer are the core actors, co‐creating value within the marketing environment.Originality/valueWhile this is an opinion piece, the paper provides evidence of how EM can be adopted and applied by entrepreneurial firms and challenges marketers to create and control their own‐marketing environment.</jats:sec
Identification of critical enzymes in the salmon louse chitin synthesis pathway as revealed by RNA interference-mediated abrogation of infectivity
No full textTreatment of infestation by the ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis relies on a small number of chemotherapeutant treatments that currently meet with limited success. Drugs targeting chitin synthesis have been largely successful against terrestrial parasites where the pathway is well characterised. However, a comparable approach against salmon lice has been, until recently, less successful, likely due to a poor understanding of the chitin synthesis pathway. Post-transcriptional silencing of genes by RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful method for evaluation of protein function in non-model organisms and has been successfully applied to the salmon louse. In the present study, putative genes coding for enzymes involved in L. salmonis chitin synthesis were characterised after knockdown by RNAi. Nauplii I stage L. salmonis were exposed to double-stranded (ds) RNA specific for several putative non-redundant points in the pathway: glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (LsGFAT), UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (LsUAP), N-acetylglucosamine phosphate mutase (LsAGM), chitin synthase 1 (LsCHS1), and chitin synthase 2 (LsCHS2). Additionally, we targeted three putative chitin deacetylases (LsCDA4557, 5169 and 5956) by knockdown. Successful knockdown was determined after moulting to the copepodite stage by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), while infectivity potential (the number of attached chalimus II compared with the initial number of larvae in the system) was measured after exposure to Atlantic salmon and subsequent development on their host. Compared with controls, infectivity potential was not compromised in dsAGM, dsCHS2, dsCDA4557, or dsCDA5169 groups. In contrast, there was a significant effect in the dsUAP-treated group. However, of most interest was the treatment with dsGFAT, dsCHS1, dsCHS1+2, and dsCDA5956, which resulted in complete abrogation of infectivity, despite apparent compensatory mechanisms in the chitin synthesis pathway as detected by qPCR. There appeared to be a common phenotypic effect in these groups, characterised by significant aberrations in appendage morphology and an inability to swim. Ultrastructurally, dsGFAT showed a significantly distorted procuticle without distinct exo/endocuticle and intermittent electron dense (i.e. chitin) inclusions, and together with dsUAP and dsCHS1, indicated delayed entry to the pre-moult phase.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaThe Research Council of NorwayCanada Excellence Research ChairsThe Directorate for Internationalization and Quality Development in Higher EducationNorwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Educatio
Immunological responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to co-infections with sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
No full textIntensive fish farming at aquaculture sites is reaching maximum exploitation of the environment, providing suitable conditions for simultaneous infections to occur in wild and farm systems. A major parasitic contributor that is negatively impacting the health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. This thesis aimed to determine the pathogenic effects of several co-infection models with a concurrent L. salmonis infection by evaluating responses of host immune gene transcription identified by RT-qPCR. The first study investigated winter ulcer disease; a cold-water disease of salmonids caused by Moritella viscosa. When co-infected with L. salmonis at high lice loads, mortalities were significantly higher and skin lesions were more severe than in a single infection with M. viscosa or co-infections with lower lice loads. Evidence of osmoregulatory stress from increased potassium levels and significant up-regulation in genes associated with wound healing and humoral responses in skin was also prevalent in co-infected fish with high lice loads, suggesting that co-infection may have a significant impact on the ability of lesions to resolve, leading to increased mortality. The second study investigated functional feeds, which are an alternative anti-louse management strategy. Atlantic salmon were co-infected with L. salmonis and a high virulent isolate of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv). Fish were administered one of four functional diets with varying EPA/DHA levels; a control feed with a low EPA/DHA mix of 0.3% (Ctrl), an EPA/DHA enriched diet (1.0%) with pro-inflammatory supplementation (FA+I), an EPA/DHA enriched diet (1.0%) with anti-inflammatory supplementation (FA-I), and a low EPA/DHA feed (0.3%) with an immunostimulant added (Ctrl + IS). Fish fed fatty acid enriched (FA+I, FA-I) feeds had significantly lower lice abundance during single infection and lower survival during co-infections, suggesting the improved anti-parasitic responses may not be effective in a co-infection model. Reverse transcription qPCR was used to assess immune gene transcription modulation in the head kidney between single and co-infected fish fed functional diets. Pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes associated with the interferon system were modulated following co-infection with ISAv in all functional diets but the immunostimulated diet, while several genes accounted for high lice and high viral loads in diets FA+I and Ctrl + IS. The results generated from this thesis contribute to the growing body of knowledge of understanding fish immune responses during co-infections and developing alternative strategies, such as functional diets, for managing pathogenic outbreaks at farm sites
Värmlands museum : En värmländsk litteraturhistoria
No full textBoken tecknar En värmländsk litteraturhistoria, en bland många möjliga, med sina speciella frågeställningar och urvalsprinciper. Den gör inte anspråk på att vara fullständig och uttömmande. Dess huvudfokus ligger på texter om Värmland – och i viss mån texter i Värmland – en traditionsräcka där föreställningar om landskapet skapats och traderats, där myter etablerats och omsider förvandlats till klichéer och stereotyper. Den vill därmed undersöka hur litteraturen – begreppet taget i vid mening – skapat en del av våra föreställningar om regionen och dess inbyggare. Sökarljuset riktas med andra ord mot ett antal meningsskapande berättelser vilka kan sägas bilda en kanon, alltså en tradition av texter som har särskilt intresse för vår uppfattning om regionen och som formerat bestående bilder. Värmland kan vara den jungfruliga provinsen med de stora skogarna och de blänkande vattnen. Den kan vara Vildmark, Trädgård, Gränsland, Järnets rike och i modern tid Avfolkningsbygd, Rostbälte och Skräpyta. Boken handlar också om provinsens inbyggare och deras förmodade ”värmländskhet”, uppfattad som ett slags ”karaktär” eller ”kynne” som kommer till utryck såväl i värmlänningarnas självbild som i omgivningens föreställningar. Hur ser den typiske värmlänningen ut i litteraturen? Kanske som Löpar-Nisse i Fredrik August Dahlgrens Wermlänningarne (1846), Splendid i Göran Tunströms Juloratoriet (1983) eller som den arbetsskygge Pölsa i Ulf Malmros Smala Sussie (2003)?En värmländsk litteraturhistoria handlar alltså i första hand om texter, i andra om deras författare. Författarbiografier är här av underordnad betydelse; om texternas upphovsmän är födda i Värmland eller inte, eller om de bott där är inte viktigt. En ”värmlandsförfattare” är i detta sammanhang en författare som skrivit om Värmland, oavsett ursprung och bostadsort. Principen är viktig, vilket förstås inte hindrar att många av de diktare som ska uppmärksammas på de följande sidorna har eller har haft personliga band till regionen. Värmlänningar är inte överraskande benägna att skriva just om Värmland men de samsas här med resenärer och tillfälliga besökare, som bland andra Carl von Linné, den danske epikern Harald Kidde och blankversekvilibristen Göran Palm. Principen leder också till att ett antal mindre kända namn ägnas uppmärksamhet medan andra och mer renommerade hamnar utanför framställningen. En värmländsk litteraturhistoria ger naturligtvis plats åt galjonsfigurer som Tegnér och Geijer, Fröding och Lagerlöf, åt Göran Tunström, Bengt Berg och Lars Andersson men också åt mindre erkända såsom Sigge Stark (Signe Björnberg) och Gustaf Schröder. Kriminalfiktionen ska få sitt avsnitt liksom barn- och ungdomslitteraturen. I några fall överskrids gränsen till andra medier. Ulf Malmros filmer och TV-serier har med all sannolikhet format en del av den samtida uppfattningen om Värmland och det värmländska och hör därför hemma i detta sammanhang.En värmländsk litteraturhistoria är alltså i första hand texttolkande men ger också en summarisk beskrivning av litteraturens infrastruktur: tryckerier, bokförlag och bibliotek, pressens betydelse som litteraturspridare, författarfackliga organisationer med mera.I våra dagar är termen ”litteratur” vanligen synonym med ”skönlitteratur”, det vill säga främst fiktionstexter som romaner, dikter och dramer. Saken ställer sig något annorlunda när man behandlar äldre diktning, också kallad ”vitterhet”, som bland annat omfattade vältalighet, (högtidstal, orationer, predikningar m.m.), tillfällesdiktning och humanistisk vetenskap. En klassisk text som Erik Gustaf Geijers Minnen (1834), hör utan tvivel till vitterheten även om den inte är en fiktiv framställning och kan förstås inte förbigås i ett sammanhang som detta.Minnen väcker också frågan om man inom den värmländska textgemenskapen kan urskilja några speciella traditionssammanhang som framträder starkare här än på det nationella planet? Man kan alldeles tydligt höra frödingska tonfall hos många samtida diktare och säkert har Fredrik August Dahlgrens tidiga alstring på folkmål haft avgörande betydelse för den starka värmländska dialektdiktningstraditionen. Göran Tunström återkommer gång på gång i sitt författarskap till Selma Lagerlöf och beskriver henne både som inspirationskälla och tung börda. Det är knappast heller någon tillfällighet att Lars Andersson skrivit en bok om Tage Aurell. Traditionsbyggandet tar sig uttryck i också jubileumsfester, författarmuséer och minnesplatser. Knappast någon annan region är så ivrig med att namnge gator, parker, skolor och hotell efter sina diktare. ”Man kan ej förtiga att detta Folk äro mycket benägna till skaldekonst eller Poesi”, noterade en värmländsk kyrkoherde redan i början av 1700-talet och det tycks som om omdömet fortfarande har fog för sig. Värmland beskrivs gärna som poesins och berättarkonstens förlovade land. Litteraturen är en del av varumärket Värmland och den plats där den värmländska självbilden skapas. I litteraturen formas en regional identitet. Också det är ett skäl att skriva En värmländsk litteraturhistoria.En värmländsk litteraturhistoria är uppdelad på två volymer. Den första sträcker sig fram emot 1940-talet, men uppdelningen är inte strikt, eftersom andra principer än kronologiska inte sällan styr framställningen. Detta gäller i högre grad del II än del I. I verkets andra volym, liksom på några ställen i volym I, styrs dispositionen emellanåt av sådant som tematiska, genremässiga och geografiska principer. I litteraturförteckningen i del II upptas de viktigaste källorna till våra framställningar om de olika författarna, genrerna och perioderna. Här kan man också finna tips för vidare läsning.En värmländsk litteraturhistoria / A Literary History of Värmland aims to tell, not the literary history of the Swedish province Värmland, but a literary history of Värmland. It tells one story out of many possible stories. It does not claim to be comprehensive or exhaustive. Its main focus is on texts about Värmland – and, to a certain extent, texts in Värmland – a line of tradition in which conceptions of the province are created and passed down and in which myths are established and gradually turned into clichés and stereotypes. A central question that is put in this two-volume work is: – How has literature – taken in a wide sense – given birth to some of our conceptions of the region and of its inhabitants?The searchlight is directed, then, towards meaning-making stories, which can be said to form a canon – texts that together shape and transform the tradition of how to conceive of Värmland. Värmland can be seen as a virgin territory of deep forests and glimmering waters. It can be Wilderness, Garden, Border-Land, the Realm of the Iron, and in modern days Depopulation Region and Trash Land. A Literary History of Värmland is also about the inhabitants of the region and their presumed regional character traits, conceived of as a specific ‘värmlandic’ disposition, nature, or temperament, which is expressed in the self-image of the inhabitants as well as in other people’s conceptions of them. How is the typical ‘Värmlandic’ person conceived of in literature? Like Löpar-Nisse (Nisse the Runner) in Fredrik August Dahlgren’s famous play Wermlänningarne (1846), like Splendid in Göran Tunström’s Juloratoriet / The Christmas Oratorio (1983) or like the lazy and work-shy Pölsa in Ulf Malmros’s Smala Sussie (2003)?A Literary History of Värmland is first and foremost a history of literary texts, and secondly of the authors of these texts. Authors’ biographies are only of secondary importance; if the authors were born in Värmland or not, or if they ever lived there is not relevant. In this context a ‘Värmlandic’ author is an author who has written about Värmland, regardless of his or her origin or place of residence. This is an important principle, but does of course not preclude authors who have personal ties to the region. You will find that people born or living in Värmland often tend to write about Värmland. In this account, though, they are accompanied by travelers and temporary visitors, like Carl von Linné, the Danish novelist Harald Kidde and the blank verse equilibrist Göran Palm. This principle also results in attention for some authors of less renown while more famous authors are at times left outside of the account. In A Literary History of Värmland room is made for figureheads like Esaias Tegnér and Erik Gustaf Geijer, Gustaf Fröding and Selma Lagerlöf; for Göran Tunström, Bengt Berg and Lars Andersson; but also for less renowned authors like Sigge Stark (Signe Björnberg) and Gustaf Schröder. Crime fiction has its chapter, as well as children’s literature. Sometimes the border between media is crossed. The films and TV-series by Ulf Malmros have very likely contributed to the contemporary image of Värmland and its inhabitants and are therefore discussed.A Literary History of Värmland consists mostly of textual interpretations but also makes room for shorter accounts of literary infrastructures: printing presses, publishers and libraries, the periodic press as literary arena etc.In our days the term ‘literature’ often means novels, poems and theater plays. This was not so in the past. Literature could also be formal speeches, preaching, funeral poems and wedding poems, scientific works and so on. A classical text like Erik Gustaf Geijer’s Minnen (Memories, 1834) is neither fiction nor poetry and yet it is literature and cannot be overlooked in this context.Värmland is often described as the promised land of poetry and stories. Literature is part of the trademark of the region and literature is where the self-image of the region is created. This is a good reason for presenting a literary history of Värmland.</p
