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Coping with Kismet : Les sociétés d’assurance-vie britanniques et françaises et la genèse d’un marché turc d’assurance-vie, 1860-1918
No full textThis thesis investigates the activities of principally British and French life insurers in what constitutes today’s Republic of Turkey between 1860 and 1918. Spearheading the international diffusion of the insurance principle, British composite offices appointed their first agents in Turkey in the early 1860s. Their French rivals arrived later but made, under the aegis of the Union of Paris, all the more significant inroads into this bridgehead market. At the onset of World War I, both countries accounted for more than half of all the life insurers operating in the heartland of the Ottoman Empire. Startling as they were, the growing popularity of life insurance in general, and the success of certain British and French offices in particular raise questions pertaining to the culture-insurance nexus. How did the Ottoman population come to espouse the idea of ‘coping with kismet’ alafranga – or Western – style? What aspects were instrumental in enticing potential clients into taking out life coverage? And, possibly even more importantly, what role did (life) offices, themselves subject to cultural constraints translating into differing conceptions of prudence, conservatism, enterprise, and innovation, play in this process? How willingly did they embrace the risks and uncertainties related to this new market? How did they, as the ‘creators of culture’ that they were, frame and advertise their products so as to win over the hearts and minds of the lives they would come to ‘regulate’?Cette thèse étudie les activités des assureurs-vie, principalement britanniques et français, dans ce qui constitue l'actuelle République de Turquie entre 1860 et 1918. Fer de lance de la diffusion internationale du principe de l'assurance, les sociétés composites britanniques nomment leurs premiers agents en Turquie au début des années 1860. Leurs rivaux français arrivent plus tard mais réalisent, sous l'égide de l'Union de Paris, des percées d'autant plus significatives sur ce marché de tête de pont. Au début de la Première Guerre mondiale, les deux pays représentent plus de la moitié des assureurs-vie opérant au cœur de l'Empire ottoman. Si cette contrée constitue un débouché attrayant à plus d’un titre, leur succès n’est pas sans soulever des questions relatives au lien entre culture et assurance. Comment la population ottomane en est-elle venue à épouser l'idée de « faire face au destin » à la façon des « francs » (alafranga) ? Quels sont les aspects qui ont permis d'inciter des clients potentiels à souscrire une assurance-vie ? Et, peut-être plus important encore, quel rôle les sociétés d'assurance(-vie), elles-mêmes soumises à des contraintes culturelles se traduisant par des conceptions différentes de la prudence, du conservatisme, de l'esprit d'entreprise et de l'innovation, ont-elles joué dans ce processus ? Dans quelle mesure ont-elles accepté les risques et les incertitudes liés à ce nouveau marché ? Comment ont-elles, à titre de « créateurs de culture », encadré leurs produits en vue de conquérir le cœur et l'esprit de ceux qu'elles allaient venir « réglementer »
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Coping with Kismet : Les sociétés d’assurance-vie britanniques et françaises et la genèse d’un marché turc d’assurance-vie, 1860-1918
No full textCette thèse étudie les activités des assureurs-vie, principalement britanniques et français, dans ce qui constitue l'actuelle République de Turquie entre 1860 et 1918. Fer de lance de la diffusion internationale du principe de l'assurance, les sociétés composites britanniques nomment leurs premiers agents en Turquie au début des années 1860. Leurs rivaux français arrivent plus tard mais réalisent, sous l'égide de l'Union de Paris, des percées d'autant plus significatives sur ce marché de tête de pont. Au début de la Première Guerre mondiale, les deux pays représentent plus de la moitié des assureurs-vie opérant au cœur de l'Empire ottoman. Si cette contrée constitue un débouché attrayant à plus d’un titre, leur succès n’est pas sans soulever des questions relatives au lien entre culture et assurance. Comment la population ottomane en est-elle venue à épouser l'idée de « faire face au destin » à la façon des « francs » (alafranga) ? Quels sont les aspects qui ont permis d'inciter des clients potentiels à souscrire une assurance-vie ? Et, peut-être plus important encore, quel rôle les sociétés d'assurance(-vie), elles-mêmes soumises à des contraintes culturelles se traduisant par des conceptions différentes de la prudence, du conservatisme, de l'esprit d'entreprise et de l'innovation, ont-elles joué dans ce processus ? Dans quelle mesure ont-elles accepté les risques et les incertitudes liés à ce nouveau marché ? Comment ont-elles, à titre de « créateurs de culture », encadré leurs produits en vue de conquérir le cœur et l'esprit de ceux qu'elles allaient venir « réglementer » ?This thesis investigates the activities of principally British and French life insurers in what constitutes today’s Republic of Turkey between 1860 and 1918. Spearheading the international diffusion of the insurance principle, British composite offices appointed their first agents in Turkey in the early 1860s. Their French rivals arrived later but made, under the aegis of the Union of Paris, all the more significant inroads into this bridgehead market. At the onset of World War I, both countries accounted for more than half of all the life insurers operating in the heartland of the Ottoman Empire. Startling as they were, the growing popularity of life insurance in general, and the success of certain British and French offices in particular raise questions pertaining to the culture-insurance nexus. How did the Ottoman population come to espouse the idea of ‘coping with kismet’ alafranga – or Western – style? What aspects were instrumental in enticing potential clients into taking out life coverage? And, possibly even more importantly, what role did (life) offices, themselves subject to cultural constraints translating into differing conceptions of prudence, conservatism, enterprise, and innovation, play in this process? How willingly did they embrace the risks and uncertainties related to this new market? How did they, as the ‘creators of culture’ that they were, frame and advertise their products so as to win over the hearts and minds of the lives they would come to ‘regulate’
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Un médiateur entre deux univers concurrents de l'« État social » : Édouard Fuster et les congrès internationaux des assurances sociales
No full textA man of many hats within what has been termed the "reformist nebula," Édouard Fuster began his "social career" by attending international conferences on social security from the early 1890s. This article seeks to shed light on this early involvement by putting it in the context of an international association designed as both a marketplace of competing and complementary ideas, and a network of experts, if not an epistemic community. A key figure in these conferences, Fuster worked well beyond his ordinary duties as Secretary to the Comité Permanent International, significant as they were. Not only was he editor of the Congress Bulletin, he also served, not least thanks to his excellent knowledge of languages, as a central intermediary between members hailing from German-speaking countries and their Latin colleagues most notably. Last but not least, Fuster made a name for himself in taking on a dual combat. He simultaneously fought in favor of his very own visions of an ideal insurance regime, as well as for the definition of a social insurance statistical standard, in France and at an international level
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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