1,720,992 research outputs found
Parental background and the use of dirty fuels at home: An exploratory study of Bangladesh
No full textThe use of dirty fuels at home is still widespread in developing countries, and it is often associated with various undesirable consequences especially for human health and the environment. Using data from the 2013 Bangladeshi section of the School-to-Work Transition Survey, we investigate whether and how the use of kerosene for lighting in young households is associated with parental education. Adopting a mediation analysis technique, we disentangle the total effect of parental education into the direct effect and the effect mediated by the role of household financial conditions. We find that having both parents not educated is associated to an increase in the probability of using kerosene for lighting (+10.3%). The greater part of the impact takes place directly, while just the 15% works through the mediating role of poor financial conditions. Finally, we find the role of mother's education is predominant over father's one, highlighting the importance of accounting for gender norms and roles
Family care, employment and health of women: An international comparative view
No full textThe multidimensional pressure of simultaneous family care responsibilities, employment outcomes and health dynamics enact multiple effects on individuals, especially on women. In fact, women in Europe are traditionally the major suppliers of family care. This results in a lower presence of women in the labour market (employment) compared to men, as these latter bear lower family burdens. The unequal share of family care responsibilities between men and women also influences health perceptions and outcomes. We wonder if this is more a cause rather than an effect for women having multiple roles (housework, childcare, care of non autonomous family members, like elderly and disabled people). In this contribution, we investigate the role of family responsibilities in shaping employment and health outcomes, in an international comparative view, by considering a wide time period. We use cross-sectional data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey for (many) European Countries. Our empirical strategy allows us assessing the effect of family care responsibilities on both employment probability and health outcomes. The models are estimated separately by gender on the time span from 2005 to 2020. This enables us to ascertain the possible effects of the Great Recession and subsequent austerity measures, and the current COVID-19 pandemic on the role of family care responsibilities on employment and health by gender. Our results suggest a disadvantage for women, since most family responsibilities, i.e. care of children, elderly and/or disabled household members, are mainly negatively associated with their employment and health outcomes
Flexibility Policies and Re-Employment Probabilities in Italy
Full text linkWe analyze the effects of Italian labor market reforms “at the margin” on the probability of exiting from non-employment and entering permanent and temporary contracts, using WHIP data for the period 1985–2004. We find that the reforms have strengthened the duration dependence parameter, meaning a stronger labor market gap in employment opportunities between the short- and long-term non-employed. We suggest that in a flexible labor market, long-term unemployment is used by firms as a screening device to detect less productive workers. We also find evidence of greater differences in employment opportunities according to gender, and of reduced differences between regional labor markets
"Is There a Southern-Sclerosis? Worker Reallocation and Regional Unemployment in Italy", IZA discussion paper, Discussion Paper No. 6954 (http://ftp.iza.org/dp6954.pdf)
No full textTheoretical reasoning justifies different signs of the relationship between the local
variation in unemployment rates and the extent of workers reallocation. This paper
aims to test different theoretical hypotheses in the case of Italy by using the longitudinal
files of the Italian labour force survey over the years from 2004 to 2010. We find
that labour turnover, as well as inflows and outflows separately, differ significantly at
the regional level and are ceteris paribus positively related to the unemployment rate.
In addition, we study the determinants of labour turnover across NUTS1 and NUTS2
geographical units and find that it correlates positively with structural change, as measured
by the Lilien index, and negatively with the degree of industrial concentration,
as measured by the Herfindahl index. Once we control for sectoral shifts and industrial
concentration, we note a reduction of between 25 and 40% of the regional gap in labour
turnover rates. This general conclusion is robust to the use of different control variables
La competitività territoriale ed economica di Piemonte e Valle d'Aosta. Un modello di sviluppo all'analisi territoriale per favorire politiche d'intervento collegate al sistema dei Fondi Jessica
Full text link"Note on Lilien and Modified Lilien Index”
No full textThis article is a companion to the Lilien (lilien) and modified Lilien commands for computing relative indices in Stata. In this article, we illustrate the main features of the commands with an application to the structural determinants of regional unemployment
Material and social deprivation among one-person households: the role of gender
Full text linkWe explore whether gender has a statistically significant impact on material and social deprivation of single adults after accounting for other characteristics. We use data from the 2022 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey for six European countries. By assuming deprivation as an individual latent trait and by treating different deprivation levels as ranked categories, we estimate a proportional odds model separately by country. Our findings suggest a clear role for gender, i.e., the risk of being materially and socially deprived is relatively higher for women everywhere. The novelty is that facing "unexpected expenses" is the worst trouble for women, clearly coming from relative financial and economic fragility. Individual characteristics play a more important role than more aggregate indicators at explaining the risk of material and social deprivation. Finally, the estimated gender gap is robust to a large set of changes in model specification and assumptions
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