1,720,955 research outputs found
Role of early proctoscopy in predicting late symptomatic proctitis after external radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma
No full textPurpose: To determine whether acute radiation-proctitis, diagnosed by proctoscopy after radiationtherapy for prostate cancer, can predict late clinical proctitis.Methods and Materials: A prospective study of 130 patients who underwent external radiationtherapy (RT) for stage T1 to T4 prostate cancer between 1997 and 2008 was performed. Treatmentswere conventional (2-dimensional [2D]) in 61 patients and 3D conformal in 69, witha median target dose of 72 Gy (70-74 Gy). Within 1 week after RT, proctoscopy was performedto detect possible acute endoscopic proctitis (AEP). Acute clinical proctitis (ACP) and late clinicalproctitis (LCP) were also evaluated. The median follow-up was 84 months (20-180 months).The influence of AEP and ACP on LCP occurrence was studied using the Cox model controllingfor age, dose, prostatectomy, RT technique (2D vs 3D), and hormone therapy.Results: AEP was detected in 15 patients (11.5%) and ACP in 67 (51.5%); in 13 cases (10%)AEP and ACP occurred simultaneously. Thirty-five cases of LCP were recorded. The 5-yearprobability of developing LCP was highest in patients with AEP and ACP (77%, 95% confidenceinterval [CI] 53%-94%) and lowest in asymptomatic patients (14%, 95% CI 7%-26%;P<.001). Compared to asymptomatic patients, the 5-year probability also was slightly increasedin patients with ACP only (26%, 95% CI 16%-40%; PZ.052). In multivariable analysis, thecombination of AEP and ACP was the main predictor of LCP: compared to asymptomaticpatients, the hazard ratio was 5.6 (2.1-15.2) in patients with AEP plus ACP (PZ.001) and2.1 (0.9-4.9) in those with ACP only (PZ.103).Conclusions: In patients with AEP and ACP, the risk of LCP was more than 5-fold increasedcompared to those who were asymptomatic, while a much smaller increase in risk occurredin patients with ACP only. Early proctoscopy can provide valuable information regarding thelikelihood of late proctitis
Gastritis cystica polyposa: a possible precancerous lesion
No full textTwenty polypoid lesions at gastroenterostomy stomas (the so-called gastritis cystica polyposa-GCP) were endoscopically removed from gastroenterostomy stomas of 16 male and two female patients previously operated for benign lesions. The interval from surgery ranged from 3 to 40 years (mean: 16.2 years). At light microscopy GCP showed 2 histologic patterns: a) with cystic glands limited to the mucosal layer (gastritis cystica superficialis); b) with cystic glands also spreading into the submucosa (gastritis cystica profunda). Atrophy of specific gastric glands, intestinal metaplasia and dysplastic changes also occurred. Local chronic ischemia and inflammatory reaction as a consequence of gastric surgery and suture at gastroenterostomy together with bile reflux were considered responsible for the development of GCP. The sites and the histologic features of GCP resembled those of experimental stomal polyps preceeding carcinoma in rats after partial gastrectomy. The sites of formation, the sex incidence, the interval from previous operation as well as the histologic findings suggest that GCP is a possible precancerous lesion
Squamous papillomas of the esophagus
No full textFifteen cases of squamous papilloma of the esophagus were found in 20,000 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Squamous papillomas are usually incidental findings; symptoms are related to associated esophageal or gastrointestinal lesions. Chronic irritation from gastric acid reflux may play an etiological role
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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