1,720,958 research outputs found
Prevalence of Preterm Birth and Associated Risk Factors in Kakamega County General Teaching and Referral Hospital
Get PDFIntroduction: Preterm birth is a global problem and its prevalence has been on the increase
worldwide. The Global Action Report for the year 2012 reported prematurity and its
complications as the leading cause of mortality in the neonatal period.
Study objective: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for preterm birth at
Kakamega County General Teaching Referral Hospital (KCGTRH).
Study design and site: A cross-sectional hospital based study carried out in KCGTRH.
Methods: This was a single center descriptive cross-sectional study where the dependent
variable was preterm birth and independent variables were assessed for any association as risk
factors for preterm birth. There was a total of 230 mothers who were consecutively sampled
and enrolled for the study after signing a consent form. A face-to-face questionnaire guided
interview was done to determine associated risk factors for preterm birth and it had three
sections on sociodemographic, obstetrics and neonatal data.
Results: The median age of the mothers interviewed was 25.5 (IQR=8) years. The study
showed the prevalence of preterm birth to be at 18.6%. Most of the sociodemographic factors
had no significant association with having preterm birth. No education or education level up
to primary level (p-0.007 OR-0.4 CI 0.2-0.8) was a risk factor for preterm birth. Inter
pregnancy period below two years (p-0.008, OR 0.4 CI 0.2-0.8) and history of pregnancy
related medical conditions like hypertension (p-<0.001 OR 0.09 CI 0.03-0.2) were shown to
have significant association with preterm birth. Other obstetrics factors that were analyzed
and had no significant association with preterm birth in this study were: Parity below 4 and
above 4 (p-1.000), history of preterm delivery (p-0.133), history of abortion (p-0.340), prior
history of chronic medical conditions (p-0.363), history of infections in pregnancy (p-0.808),
MUAC (p-0.065) and hemoglobin level (p-1.000).
Conclusion: The prevalence of preterm birth was found to be 18.6% in KCGTRH. The main
associated risk factors included no education or education level up to primary level, inter
pregnancy level of 2 or below 2 years and history of pregnancy related medical condition like
hypertension.a
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, ; bDepartment of Mental Health, School of Medicine,
Moi University, Eldoret, Keny
Sociocultural factors influencing breastfeeding practices in two slums in Nairobi, Kenya
No full textBACKGROUND: Despite numerous interventions promoting optimal breastfeeding practices in Kenya, pockets of suboptimal breastfeeding practices are documented in Kenya's urban slums. This paper describes cultural and social beliefs and practices that influence breastfeeding in two urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya.METHODS: Qualitative data were collected in Korogocho and Viwandani slums through 10 focus group discussions and 19 in-depth interviews with pregnant, breastfeeding women and community health volunteers and 11 key-informant interviews with community leaders. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded in NVIVO and analyzed thematically.RESULTS: Social and cultural beliefs and practices that result to suboptimal breastfeeding practices were highlighted including; considering colostrum as 'dirty' or 'curdled milk', a curse 'bad omen' associated with breastfeeding while engaging in extra marital affairs, a fear of the 'evil eye' (malevolent glare which is believed to be a curse associated with witchcraft) when breastfeeding in public and breastfeeding being associated with sagging breasts. Positive social and cultural beliefs were also identified including the association of breast milk with intellectual development and good child health. The beliefs and practices were learnt mainly from spouses, close relatives and peers.CONCLUSION: Interventions promoting behavior change with regards to breastfeeding should focus on dispelling the beliefs and practices that result to suboptimal breastfeeding practices and to build on the positive ones, while involving spouses and other family members as they are important sources of information on breastfeeding.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN83692672: December 2013 (retrospectively registered).</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Admissions to Mulago Hospital special care baby unit (SCU) 1971-1975, a retrospective study
No full textNO abstract availabl
- …
