1,721,108 research outputs found
Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Khalifah Hârûn Ar-Rasyîd (763-809 M/148-193 H)
Get PDFMuslihudin; Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Khalifah Hârûn Ar-Rasyîd (763-809 M/148-193 H), di bawah bimbingan (I) Prof. Dr. H. A. Hafiz Anshari AZ, M.A. dan (II) Dr. H. Husnul Yaqin, M. Ed., Tesis, pada Program Pascasarjana IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin, 2017.
Kata Kunci : Manajemen, Pendidikan Islam, Khalifah Hârûn Ar-Rasyîd.
Khalifah Hârûn Ar-Rasyîd (148-193 H) telah mampu membawa negeri yang dipimpinnya ke masa kejayaan, kemakmuran, dan kesejahteraan. Bahkan, dikatakan bahwa masa kekuasaan Hârûn Ar-Rasyîd disebut-sebut oleh ahli sejarah sebagai masa keemasan Islam (the golden age of Islam). Pada masa ini, gairah cinta ilmu dan pemikiran, mengalami kemajuan yang luar biasa, sehingga melahirkan beberapa ulama dan ilmuwan Islam, seperti: Jâbir bin Hayyân (w. 197) ahli kimia, Al-Khawârizmî (w. 232 H) ahli matematika, dan Al-Kindî (w. 260 H) ahli kedokteran, termasuk 3 Imam mazhab dunia, Imam Mâlik (w. 179 H), Imam Asy-Syâfi’î (w. 204 H) dan Imam Ahmad bin Hambal (w. 241 H) hidup di masa ini. Inilah yang melatarbelakangi penulisan penelitian ini, untuk mempelajari dan mengkaji bagaimana lembaga pendidikan Islam pada masa itu dikelola.
Fokus penulisan tesis ini pada Manajemen Pendidikan Islam di Masa Khalîfah Hârûn Ar-Rasyîd (148-193 H), yang ruang lingkup kajiannya pada aplikasi manajemen pendidikan Islam di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam pada zaman itu, pertama, manajemen pembelajaran, kedua, manajemen evaluasi atau penilaian, dan ketiga, manajemen pembiayaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dan metode penelitian sejarah dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari kepustakaan dan bahan-bahan yang akurat, yang ada relevansinya dengan topik pembahasan.
Dalam analisis data peneliti mengelompokkan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam pada masa itu menjadi 2 jalur lembaga pendidikan, yaitu: Pertama, pendidikan formal, terdiri atas pendidikan dasar seperti di kuttâb umum dan kuttâb istana, pendidikan menengah di masjid, dan pendidikan tinggi seperti di lembaga pendidikan tinggi Baitul Hikmah dan rumah sakit. Kedua, pendidikan nonformal seperti di toko-toko buku, majelis-majelis kesusastraan dan di rumah-rumah para ulama.
Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil temuan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen pembelajaran pada lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam baik formal maupun nonformal meliputi: perencanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh nâzhir, mudîr, saudagar pemilik toko buku, khalifah dan ulamâ’, melalui penentuan masa pendidikan, materi kurikulum, dan adanya pengarahan setelah lulus. Pengorganisasian pembelajaran dilakukan dalam bentuk penentuan waktu, tempat dan hari belajar. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilakukan oleh para pengajar seperti para muallim, muaddib, syeikh, dokter, para ilmuwan, para sastrawan pemilik toko buku pada tempat dan halaqah (lingkaran belajar) masing-masing, dengan metode lisan, tulisan dan menghafal. Sedangkan pengawasan dilakukan langsung oleh para pemilik lembaga melalui para tenaga pengajar yang telah diamanahkan, disertai tata tertib yang telah ditentukan.
Manajemen penilaian pada lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam formal dan nonformal yang dilaksanakan oleh para muallim, muaddib, syeikh, dokter, ilmuwan, dan sastrawan pemilik toko buku, telah mengaplikasikan fungsi-fungsi penilaian, melalui penilaian proses dan penilaian hasil belajar. Dengan jenis penilaian autentik (authentic assessment) asli, nyata, dan valid, dalam bentuk pengamatan, diskusi dan tanya jawab
xiv
langsung, dan terakhir dengan pemberian ijazah atau syahadah sanad (mata rantai periwayatan) oleh pengajar mata pelajaran yang bersangkutan, tanpa melalui ujian tulis.
Manajemen pembiayaan secara umum yang dilakukan Khalifah (Negara) yaitu; Pertama, perencanaan pendapatan dibuat oleh Khalifah (Negara) untuk jangka waktu yang panjang melalui pajak yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai wilayah Islam, setelah masing-masing wilayah memenuhi keperluannya. Kedua, pengelolaan dan pertanggungjawaban dikontrol oleh negara dengan baik melalui bait al-mâl dan lembaga wakaf kaum muslimin berdasarkan aturan syariah yang tercantum dalam Kitab Kharâj. Adapun secara khusus penyaluran sampai dengan pertanggungjawaban pembiayaan pendidikan formal dilaksanakan oleh para wali (gubernur), beserta panglima perang, kemudian di tingkat lembaga oleh nâzhir dan mudîr. Adapun di lembaga pendidikan nonformal juga tanpa dipungut biaya atau gratis, karena biaya hidup serta kesejahteraan para ulama telah ditanggung oleh Negara dan para pemilik toko buku adalah para saudagar kaya
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
