10 research outputs found
Challenges in the evaluation of conversational search systems
No full textThe area of conversational search has gained significant traction in the IR research community, motivated by the widespread use of personal assistants. An often researched task in this setting is conversation response ranking, that is, to retrieve the best response for a given ongoing conversation from a corpus of historic conversations. While this is intuitively an important step towards (retrieval-based) conversational search, the empirical evaluation currently employed to evaluate trained rankers is very far from this setup: typically, an extremely small number (e.g., 10) of non-relevant responses and a single relevant response are presented to the ranker. In a real-world scenario, a retrieval-based system has to retrieve responses from a large (e.g., several millions) pool of responses or determine that no appropriate response can be found. In this paper we aim to highlight these critical issues in the offline evaluation schemes for tasks related to conversational search. With this paper, we argue that the currently in-use evaluation schemes have critical limitations and simplify the conversational search tasks to a degree that makes it questionable whether we can trust the findings they deliver.Virtual WorkshopWeb Information System
Perspective of Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Their Management
No full textWeeds have been a problem creator in crop production practices since
time immemorial. The weeds cause around 37-45% crop yield reduction. Out
of all the methods of control of weeds, the most prominently used one is the
chemical control of weeds with the help of herbicides. The chemical control
with herbicides being an effective and quick option towards weed control
has made farmers more stooped towards them. The unavailability of labours
and their high wages also aid in the increased usage of herbicides. This
increased use of herbicides has led to the development and evolution of
herbicide-resistant weeds, shift in weed flora and increased herbicide
residues in the food chain and thus created an imbalance in the ecosystem.
Herbicide resistance results from the evolution of weeds, resulting from the
selection pressure laid by using similar herbicides or different herbicides
having similar modes of action. Therefore, their management in crop
production is as important as crop production itself. This chapter
acknowledges the concept of herbicide resistance and its development,
mechanism and types. It brings to light the technological options for the
management of herbicide-resistant weeds. The management of herbicide
resistance weeds does not rely on a single measure to control weeds but
includes an array of techniques and tools to prevent the evolution and spread
of these weeds. Thus, an appropriate combination of chemical, nonchemical,
biotechnological and genetic methods would be greatly helpful in
the management of herbicide resistance in weeds
Influence of weed management practices on direct-seeded rice grown under rainfed and irrigated agroecosystems
No full textRice seedlings and weeds emerge concurrently in direct-seeded rice (DSR) production systems, while there is no flooding water to inhibit weed germination, emergence and development at crop emergence. Because of this, weeds are considered the biggest living barrier in DSR and significantly reduce yield. The purpose of the research was to devise an approach for management of weeds in the direct-seeded rice crop cultivated under various agroecosystems, while optimizing growth and production utilizing herbicides or herbicidal combinations. The impacts of several weed management techniques were assessed to determine the most efficient and cost-effective approach of managing weeds in DSR at the CoA, JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP) during 2019 rainy season under spilt plot design with 2 main plot treatments viz., rainfed agroecosystem, irrigated agroecosystem and 8 sub-plot treatments, i.e. different herbicide treatments with hand weeding and weedy check. Further growth parameters as well as yield attributes were documented. Conventional statistical techniques were used to evaluate the data. Bispyribac sodium at the dose of 25 g/ha efficiently controlled both narrow and broad leaved weeds under agroecosystems. Highest growth as well as yield parameters were recorded for irrigated agroecosystems compared to rainfed agroecosystems. The treatment with bispyribac sodium at the dose of 25 g/ha produced the greatest values for growth and yield indices as well as the maximum yield (3.68 t/ha), with the exception of manual weeding
Effect of Mesotrione 40% SC on Weed Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textNewer herbicides are required to reduce the losses cause by the weeds in maize crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at Research Farm, AICRP on Forage Crops, Department of Agronomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) to study the effect of different weed management practices on productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with eight treatments (six herbicidal treatments with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check) replicated thrice. Observations were recorded for various weed parameters and crop growth parameters. All the weed management treatments significantly reduced the total weed density and total dry weight of weeds as compared to weedy check. Among herbicidal treatments, mesotrione 350 g ha-1 recorded the lowest total weed density and total dry weight of weeds as compared to other herbicides. While highest total weed density and total dry weight were recorded under weedy check treatment. Significantly higher growth parameters and yield attributing traits were recorded with the application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1 which resulted in higher grain and stover yields (2447.22 and 21804.72 kg ha-1) followed by mesotrione 300 g ha-1. Maximum net returns and Benefit: Cost ratio was also obtained with the application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1
Performance of Pinoxaden Herbicide against Complex Weed Flora in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted during rabi season (2020-21) at AICRP on Wheat, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (MP), India, to study the effect of pinoxaden on weeds and the yield of wheat. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments and replicated thrice. Treatments included applying different doses of pinoxaden at 40, 45, and 90 g a.i. ha-1, clodinafop propargyl at 90 g a.i. ha-1, sulfosulfuron at 25 g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence along with hand weeding at 30 DAS and weedy check. The experimental field was dominated by Phalaris minor (15.6%) among monocot weeds, while Medicago denticulata (30.82%), Cichorium intybus (29.94%), Chenopodium album (15.32%), and Anagallis arvensis (8.30%) among the dicot weeds throughout the crop growing period. Among the different herbicidal treatments, pinoxaden at 90 g a.i. ha-1 effectively controlled the monocot and dicot weeds and recorded higher weed control efficiency and the lowest weed index. However, the highest value of growth parameters, yield attributes, and grain yield was recorded with the application of pinoxaden at 45 g a.i. ha-1 among all the herbicidal treatments
Effect of Pre and Post-emergence Herbicides on Weed Flora of Maize
No full textWeeds have been a problem creator in crops since time immemorial competing with them for all the growth resources. Weeds cause around 28-100% loss in the maize crop which necessitates their control. The usage of herbicides for the control of weeds has been the most prominent method among farmers. However, the continuous usage of similar herbicides can develop herbicide resistance which needs the exploration to newer herbicides. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of broad-spectrum herbicide, mesotrione on the weed flora and seed yield of maize at JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) in the kharif season of 2019. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design consisting of eight treatments of weed control including six herbicidal treatments with hand weeding and weedy check and replicated thrice. Based on the results, it was concluded that the post emergence application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1 at 30 DAS had most effectively controlled the weeds resulting in highest weed control efficiency (69.25%) and lowest weed index (12.62%) than the rest of the treatments. It also resulted in highest grain and stover yield (2.44 and 21.80 t ha-1) in maize. Thus, the application of mesotrione @ 350 g ha-1 can be a promising technology for the control of complex weed flora in maize
Effect of carfentrazone-ethyl on weed flora, growth and productivity in wheat
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Rabi 2020–21 to assess the efficacy of different doses of carfentrazone-ethyl against complex weed flora in wheat. The experimental field was infested with Medicago denticulate (28.97%), Melilotus indica (27.02%), and Cichorium intybus (14.82%). However, other weeds like Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Phalaris minor were also found to be associated in lesser numbers during the study. Application of herbicides significantly reduced the weed population and dry weight of weeds compared to weedy check at 60 DAS. Carfentrazone-ethyl at different doses provides better weed control than 2,4-D amine. Significant variation in wheat yield was recorded due to the application of different herbicides compared with the control. The number of tillers/m2 (382), grains/earhead (53) and grain yield (5.3 t/ha) were significantly higher with carfentrazone at 40 g/ha followed by carfentrazone at 24 g/ha. Also, there were no symptoms of phytotoxicity in the crop
Transanal rectal resection by circular stapler for rectal prolapse: A prospective cohort study
No full textBackground:
Rectal prolapse surgery aims to correct the condition, improve continence, and prevent constipation. Current treatments have issues, but the author developed TRRPCS, an innovative approach to effectively address rectal prolapse and associated functional issues.
Design:
Observational prospective study.
Objective:
To explore effectiveness and long term outcomes of TRRPCS (Trans-anal Rectal Resection of Prolapse by Circular Stapler).
Settings:
Single centre.
Patients and Methods:
All subjects underwent Transanal Rectal Resection by Circular stapler for prolapse. Patients have been followed for two years and telephonic follow-up was planned for five years.
Main Outcome Measures:
Pre and postoperative ODS scores and Wexner fecal incontinence score were obtained to evaluate symptomatic outcomes. Improvement in Longo's ODS score system, Wexner fecal incontinence score and subjective overall satisfaction of patients were used for evaluation.
Sample Size:
91.
Results:
In a study of 91 patients (aged 41-60), TRRCS procedure had a median surgery time of 40 minutes and a median hospital stay of 24 hours. Normal activities resumed within 5 days. Complications included pain, burning, urgency, bleeding, and loose motions. Significant improvement was observed in Longo and Wexner scores. 78.85% of patients were highly satisfied. One patient experienced mucosal prolapse, treated successfully. No other recurrences were reported during a follow-up of up to seven years.
Conclusion:
TRRPCS: Safe, minimally invasive daycare procedure improves incontinence, corrects constipation without sexual dysfunction. Low recurrence rate (1.1%) with long-term follow-up.
Limitations:
Single institution, Non comparative data.
Conflict of Interest:
No conflict of interest declared
Comparative Efficacy of Different Herbicidal Combinations on Weed Growth and Yield Attributes of Wheat
No full textWeeds are the main biotic obstacles on wheat production, which can impair wheat productivity by up to 60%, if not handled under critical stages of crop life cycle. Chemical weed control through herbicides has been the most popular and effective method among farmers. The weed management using similar herbicides however has led to herbicide resistance in weeds. This requires the evaluation of newer herbicidal combinations for the control of weeds in wheat. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during the Rabi season of 2016-17 to evaluate the effect of post emergence application of herbicides on the weeds and yield of wheat. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments comprising of eight herbicidal combinations along with a hand weeding and a weed check and replicated thrice. Observations on different weed parameters, growth parameters and yield of wheat were recorded. Among the different herbicidal combinations, the post emergence application of halauxifen-methyl ester + florasulam at 10.20 g/ha resulted in greatest suppression of weeds and had highest weed control efficiency (56.73%). It also led to highest growth in wheat which resulted in highest grain yield (5.81 t/ha) and harvest index (44.99%). From this study, it can be concluded that the post emergence application of halauxifen-methyl ester + florasulam at 10.20 g/ha can not only control weeds effectively but also increase the yield of wheat
Efficacy of Halauxifen-methyl + Florasulam against Complex Weeds in Wheat under Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hill Zone of Madhya Pradesh, India
No full textWheat crop is inhabited by several monocot and dicot weeds which have posed a major problem in wheat crop production. These weeds not only reduce the quality and quantity of the produce but also increase the cost of production. There management therefore becomes crucial with the help of proper combination of herbicides considering the bottlenecks of mechanical methods. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in the Rabi season of 2016-2017 at the research farm of Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments including eight herbicidal combinations with hand weeding at 30 DAS and weedy check and replicated thrice. Various observations on weed and crop growth parameters, yield, and economics were made. The results indicated that the application of halauxifen-methyl + florasulam at 10.20 g/ha significantly reduced the weed density and dry weight, increased the plant height, number of tillers and leaf area index as compared to all other herbicidal treatments with an exception to hand weeding. It also enhanced the grain and straw yield (5810.12 kg/ha and 7103.75 kg/ha). The application of halauxifen-methyl + florasulam at 10.20 g/ha recorded highest net monetary returns (104555 Rs/ha) and resulted in maximum benefit with a B:C ratio of 3.8. Thus, this could be promising technology for controlling weeds in wheat crop
