1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Etude des mécanismes d'action du Strontium 90 sur le système immunitaire à la suite d'une contamination chronique
No full textAbstract : After nuclear disasters, large amounts of radionuclides were released into the environment. Strontium 90 (90Sr) is part of these wastes. Because of its half-life of 29 years, it is a persistent pollutant which leads to the contamination of surrounding populations through the chronic ingestion of low quantities of this radioelement. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated some effects on immune system, hematopoietic system and bone physiology in humans. 90Sr accumulates mostly in bones and could contribute to the appearance of such effects. The aim of this work is to understand the action mechanisms which could explain the previous observations. In the first in vitro model, a murine stromal cell line (MS5) contaminated through the culture medium with 1 or 10 kBq.ml-1 of 90Sr was used. Thank to this model, an increased number of DNA double-strand breaks in cells after 30 minutes of exposure, a senescence induction and a modification in the support of hematopoietic progenitors were observed. In the second model, Balb/c mice were contaminated during 24 weeks through drinking water containing 90Sr at 4, 20 and 100 kBq.l-1. Both an increase in genic expression of bone resorption markers and in antioxydative enzymes were observed. An increase in p21 expression, marker of senescence, and a decrease in IL-6 were also seen. The implications of these results on bone physiology, immune and hematopoietic systems are discussed. As a whole, all this work completed the preexistent data about 90Sr and contributes to a better understanding of the action mechanisms of 90Sr on marrow stromal cells which have a pivotal function in the regulation of the immune and hematopoietic system.A la suite des catastrophes nucléaires d’importantes quantités de radionucléides ont été rejetés dans l’environnement. Le Strontium 90 (90Sr) fait partie de ces rejets. Du fait de sa demi-vie de 29 ans, c’est un polluant persistant qui conduit à la contamination des populations vivant autour des territoires contaminés via l’ingestion chronique de faibles quantités de ce radionucléide. Les études épidémiologiques ont mis en évidence des effets au niveau du système immunitaire, du système hématopoïétique et de la physiologie osseuse chez l’homme. Le 90Sr qui s’incorpore principalement dans l’os pourrait contribuer à l’apparition de ces effets. Le but de ce travail a été de comprendre quels sont les mécanismes d’action du 90Sr qui permettent d’expliquer de tels effets. Un premier modèle in vitro utilisant une lignée de cellules stromales murines (MS5) contaminées par le milieu de culture à 1 ou 10 kBq.ml-1 a été utilisé. Il a permis de montrer que le 90Sr était capable d’induire des cassures double-brin de l’ADN dès 30 minutes d’exposition avec une induction de la senescence et une altération de la fonction de support aux progéniteurs hématopoïétiques. Dans le deuxième modèle in vivo d’effet dose, des souris Balb/c ont été contaminées durant 24 semaines à des concentrations de 90Sr de 4, 20 et 100 kBq.l-1 dans l’eau de boisson. Cette expérience a permis d’observer une augmentation des marqueurs de la résorption osseuse en fonction de la contamination au 90Sr ainsi et une augmentation de l’expression génique des enzymes impliquées dans la défense antioxydante. Une augmentation de p21, marqueur de la senescence et une diminution d’IL-6 ont également été observées. Les implications de ces résultats sur la physiologie osseuse, le système immunitaire et hématopoïétiques sont discutées. Globalement, l’ensemble de ce travail complète les données déjà existantes sur le 90Sr et permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’action du 90Sr sur les cellules stromales médullaires qui sont au centre de la régulation immuno-hématopoïétique
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Etude des mécanismes d'action du Strontium 90 sur le système immunitaire à la suite d'une contamination chronique
No full textAbstract : After nuclear disasters, large amounts of radionuclides were released into the environment. Strontium 90 (90Sr) is part of these wastes. Because of its half-life of 29 years, it is a persistent pollutant which leads to the contamination of surrounding populations through the chronic ingestion of low quantities of this radioelement. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated some effects on immune system, hematopoietic system and bone physiology in humans. 90Sr accumulates mostly in bones and could contribute to the appearance of such effects. The aim of this work is to understand the action mechanisms which could explain the previous observations. In the first in vitro model, a murine stromal cell line (MS5) contaminated through the culture medium with 1 or 10 kBq.ml-1 of 90Sr was used. Thank to this model, an increased number of DNA double-strand breaks in cells after 30 minutes of exposure, a senescence induction and a modification in the support of hematopoietic progenitors were observed. In the second model, Balb/c mice were contaminated during 24 weeks through drinking water containing 90Sr at 4, 20 and 100 kBq.l-1. Both an increase in genic expression of bone resorption markers and in antioxydative enzymes were observed. An increase in p21 expression, marker of senescence, and a decrease in IL-6 were also seen. The implications of these results on bone physiology, immune and hematopoietic systems are discussed. As a whole, all this work completed the preexistent data about 90Sr and contributes to a better understanding of the action mechanisms of 90Sr on marrow stromal cells which have a pivotal function in the regulation of the immune and hematopoietic system.A la suite des catastrophes nucléaires d’importantes quantités de radionucléides ont été rejetés dans l’environnement. Le Strontium 90 (90Sr) fait partie de ces rejets. Du fait de sa demi-vie de 29 ans, c’est un polluant persistant qui conduit à la contamination des populations vivant autour des territoires contaminés via l’ingestion chronique de faibles quantités de ce radionucléide. Les études épidémiologiques ont mis en évidence des effets au niveau du système immunitaire, du système hématopoïétique et de la physiologie osseuse chez l’homme. Le 90Sr qui s’incorpore principalement dans l’os pourrait contribuer à l’apparition de ces effets. Le but de ce travail a été de comprendre quels sont les mécanismes d’action du 90Sr qui permettent d’expliquer de tels effets. Un premier modèle in vitro utilisant une lignée de cellules stromales murines (MS5) contaminées par le milieu de culture à 1 ou 10 kBq.ml-1 a été utilisé. Il a permis de montrer que le 90Sr était capable d’induire des cassures double-brin de l’ADN dès 30 minutes d’exposition avec une induction de la senescence et une altération de la fonction de support aux progéniteurs hématopoïétiques. Dans le deuxième modèle in vivo d’effet dose, des souris Balb/c ont été contaminées durant 24 semaines à des concentrations de 90Sr de 4, 20 et 100 kBq.l-1 dans l’eau de boisson. Cette expérience a permis d’observer une augmentation des marqueurs de la résorption osseuse en fonction de la contamination au 90Sr ainsi et une augmentation de l’expression génique des enzymes impliquées dans la défense antioxydante. Une augmentation de p21, marqueur de la senescence et une diminution d’IL-6 ont également été observées. Les implications de ces résultats sur la physiologie osseuse, le système immunitaire et hématopoïétiques sont discutées. Globalement, l’ensemble de ce travail complète les données déjà existantes sur le 90Sr et permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’action du 90Sr sur les cellules stromales médullaires qui sont au centre de la régulation immuno-hématopoïétique
Study of action mechanisms of Strontium 90 on the immune system after a chronic contamination
No full textA la suite des catastrophes nucléaires d’importantes quantités de radionucléides ont été rejetés dans l’environnement. Le Strontium 90 (90Sr) fait partie de ces rejets. Du fait de sa demi-vie de 29 ans, c’est un polluant persistant qui conduit à la contamination des populations vivant autour des territoires contaminés via l’ingestion chronique de faibles quantités de ce radionucléide. Les études épidémiologiques ont mis en évidence des effets au niveau du système immunitaire, du système hématopoïétique et de la physiologie osseuse chez l’homme. Le 90Sr qui s’incorpore principalement dans l’os pourrait contribuer à l’apparition de ces effets. Le but de ce travail a été de comprendre quels sont les mécanismes d’action du 90Sr qui permettent d’expliquer de tels effets. Un premier modèle in vitro utilisant une lignée de cellules stromales murines (MS5) contaminées par le milieu de culture à 1 ou 10 kBq.ml-1 a été utilisé. Il a permis de montrer que le 90Sr était capable d’induire des cassures double-brin de l’ADN dès 30 minutes d’exposition avec une induction de la senescence et une altération de la fonction de support aux progéniteurs hématopoïétiques. Dans le deuxième modèle in vivo d’effet dose, des souris Balb/c ont été contaminées durant 24 semaines à des concentrations de 90Sr de 4, 20 et 100 kBq.l-1 dans l’eau de boisson. Cette expérience a permis d’observer une augmentation des marqueurs de la résorption osseuse en fonction de la contamination au 90Sr ainsi et une augmentation de l’expression génique des enzymes impliquées dans la défense antioxydante. Une augmentation de p21, marqueur de la senescence et une diminution d’IL-6 ont également été observées. Les implications de ces résultats sur la physiologie osseuse, le système immunitaire et hématopoïétiques sont discutées. Globalement, l’ensemble de ce travail complète les données déjà existantes sur le 90Sr et permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’action du 90Sr sur les cellules stromales médullaires qui sont au centre de la régulation immuno-hématopoïétique.Abstract : After nuclear disasters, large amounts of radionuclides were released into the environment. Strontium 90 (90Sr) is part of these wastes. Because of its half-life of 29 years, it is a persistent pollutant which leads to the contamination of surrounding populations through the chronic ingestion of low quantities of this radioelement. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated some effects on immune system, hematopoietic system and bone physiology in humans. 90Sr accumulates mostly in bones and could contribute to the appearance of such effects. The aim of this work is to understand the action mechanisms which could explain the previous observations. In the first in vitro model, a murine stromal cell line (MS5) contaminated through the culture medium with 1 or 10 kBq.ml-1 of 90Sr was used. Thank to this model, an increased number of DNA double-strand breaks in cells after 30 minutes of exposure, a senescence induction and a modification in the support of hematopoietic progenitors were observed. In the second model, Balb/c mice were contaminated during 24 weeks through drinking water containing 90Sr at 4, 20 and 100 kBq.l-1. Both an increase in genic expression of bone resorption markers and in antioxydative enzymes were observed. An increase in p21 expression, marker of senescence, and a decrease in IL-6 were also seen. The implications of these results on bone physiology, immune and hematopoietic systems are discussed. As a whole, all this work completed the preexistent data about 90Sr and contributes to a better understanding of the action mechanisms of 90Sr on marrow stromal cells which have a pivotal function in the regulation of the immune and hematopoietic system
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
