1,721,375 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Methodology for investigating organized crime
No full textThis thesis focuses on organized crime that has recently become one of the most serious global problems threatening the stability, security and development of civil society. At the beginning of the thesis, its author defines a basic term ,,organized crime" and its relation to the organized criminality. Then the author deals with the history of organized crime groups, describes the most important of the groups, and concentrates on new forms of organized crime. Furthermore, the author lists Czech and international substantive and procedural legal regulations with regard to the organized crime. Finally, the author discusses other non-legal means of the fight against the organized crime. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the methodology of investigation with a focus on specific initiatives and the subject of investigation, initial and subsequent acts, and the specific versions of investigation, planning, organization of investigation, and prevention. In greater detail, the thesis deals with methods of witnesses hearing, and especially with the legal concept of a secret witness, and protection provided to witnesses by special law, and the concept of a cooperating accused person. The thesis also analyzes operative and investigative means and other means of investigation
Plea bargain
No full textTato diplomová práce pojednává o dohodě o vině a trestu v českém právním řádu.
Autor srovnává českou právní úpravu dohody o vině a trestu s právní úpravou ve Spojených státech amerických a ve Slovenské republice.
Zaujímá kritický postoj k dohodě o vině a trestu.
Autor dochází k závěru, že argumenty proti dohodě o vině a trestu převažují.Katedra trestního právaObhájenoThis thesis deals with plea bargaining in the Czech legislation.
The author compares the Czech legislation of a plea deal with the legislation in the United States of America and the Slovak Republic.
He takes up a critical attitude towards a plea agreement.
The author concludes that the arguments against a plea bargain prevail
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Nekončící reforma trestního řízení
No full textAutor se ve svém příspěvku zabývá vývojem tzv. kontinentálního typu trestního procesu, který prochází
permanentní reformou. Konstatuje, že téměř ve všech evropských zemích probíhají v posledních letech rozsáhlé legislativní
práce, které v některých zemích vyústily v přijetí nových trestněprocesních kodexů, jinde došlo k četným
novelizacím.
Přesto nelze říci, že by někde vládla úplná spokojenost s aktuálním stavem právní úpravy a s výkonem trestní justice.
Nejčastějšími kritickými výtkami je komplikovanost a zdlouhavost trestního řízení, jeho malá efektivita a průtahy,
přílišná váha přípravného řízení na úkor soudního řízení, neschopnost usvědčit pachatele některých nových druhů
trestných činů dosavadními důkazními prostředky.
Autor uvádí, jaké nové kriminálně politické strategie k odstranění těchto nedostatků se v diskuzích navrhují. Je to
např. posilování kontradiktorních prvků trestního řízení, zavádění odklonů a prvků oportunity, nových netradičních
metod, jako je tzv. operativní technika a operativně pátrací prostředky. Kritizuje některé problematické trestněprocesní
strategie, popírající princip materiální pravdy, přeměnu reaktivního trestního práva v „právo odvracející nebezpečí“,
proces „privatizace bezpečnosti“, pokusy o vytváření „trestního práva určeného pro nepřátele“.
V závěru autor stručně zmiňuje dosavadní neúspěšné pokusy o rekodifikaci trestního řádu v České republice, vyslovuje
se pro prohloubení výzkumných prací a doporučuje pokračovat ve veřejné, politické a odborné diskuzi.In the article, the author focuses on the development of the so-called continental-type criminal procedure,
which is experiencing permanent reform. The author states that the legislative work carried out in almost all European
countries over the past few years has resulted in the adoption of new codes of criminal procedure in some countries, as
well as in numerous amendments in other countries. Nevertheless, it is not possible to say that any of these countries are completely satisfied with the current state of
their legal regulation and the execution of criminal justice. The most frequent critical objections evolve around the
complexity and lengthiness of criminal proceedings, their little effectiveness and protraction, the excessive weight
placed on preparatory proceedings at the cost of judicial proceedings, the inability to convict offenders of certain new
types of criminal offences based on existing criminal evidence.
The author specifies what new criminal-political strategies are being proposed to eliminate these deficiencies. They
include, for example, strengthening of the contradictory elements of criminal proceedings, introduction of deviations
and opportunity elements, new non-traditional methods, e. g. operative techniques and operative investigative means.
The author criticises some problematic criminal-procedure strategies that deny the principle of material truth, the
transformation of reactive criminal law into „danger-averting law“, the „safety privatisation“ process, or attempts to
create special „criminal law for enemies“.
Finally, after briefly mentioning the so far unsuccessful attempts to re-codify the criminal code of the Czech Republic,
the author declares for more indepth research and recommends to continue in public, political and professional debate
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