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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Investigations of the Effects of Photocatalysis on the Molecular Assembly Behavior of Titanium Alkoxide Materials
No full textThe control of molecular assembly at the onset of solution-based material formation has the potential to strongly influence the topology of the ensuing molecular aggregate structure, and from there the macroscale physical properties of the resultant material. The present work focuses on the use of engineered, photoactive metal alkoxide precursors in the sol-gel processing of metal-oxide materials. The strategy under investigation seeks to integrate photoinduced structural modification with conventional sol-gel chemical preparations to enable the selective photo-activation of reaction points about the metal center during material formation. The approach thus has the potential to influence the development of intermolecular bonding geometry and to provide an opportunity to enforce or bias longer range structural development processes and resulting network topology. This ability to bias the long range structural development has been shown to provide opportunities both for photoinduced material formation and the potential to control multi-length scale structural characteristics of these materials. The response of a mononuclear, heteroleptic titanium alkoxide (OPy)₂Ti(4MP)₂ [where OPy = pyridine carbinoxide and 4MP = 4-mercaptophenoxide] to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in dilute solution and in solid-state samples has been measured. Vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR absorption and Raman scattering) was used to monitor changes in molecular structure upon exposure to 337.1 and 365 nm light. Assignment of spectral features to vibrational modes of the molecule was aided by a normal-mode analysis of the energy-minimized molecular structure within a density functional theory (DFT) framework. Photoinduced decreases in peak areas were observed in both FTIR spectra of the precursor solutions and Raman data collected from solution-cast films of the precursor material. These changes were associated with vibrational modes localized at the 4MP ligands. Conversely, no significant modification of vibrational structure associated with the OPy moiety was observed under the excitation conditions examined. In a related study, thin films of the precursor were cast, sampled, and UV-irradiated in scintillation vials under hydrated air (40% RH) and dry argon to evaluate the influence of local atmospheric composition on the photoresponse. An increase in the magnitude of photoinduced vibrational changes was observed in the moist air environment, again associated primarily with the 4MP ligand. The results support an interpretation of these structural changes in terms of a preferential enhancement of hydrolysis at the 4MP site under these conditions. Excitation, with 248 nm light, of a solution of (OPy)₂Ti(TAP)₂ [where OPy = pyridine carbinoxide and TAP = 2,4,6 tris(dimethylamino)phenoxide] in watercontaining pyridine has been shown to create an insoluble photoproduct in the region of the incident laser beam. Analysis of the photoproduct by Raman spectroscopy indicates the presence of hydrolysis and condensation products as well as features consistent with the unreacted metal alkoxide, indicating destabilization of the alkoxide material that leads to intermolecular linking reactions. Further analysis indicates that it is excitations resonant with the π − π∗ transitions in the aromatic ligands, as well as in the solvent, that provide this destabilization rather than excitations resonant with the charge transfer band in the molecule. These fundamental studies of the intrinsic molecular-level response of (OPy)₂Ti(TAP)₂ to ultraviolet irradiation have lead to the development of a novel thin film deposition process wherein the film is deposited directly from solution onto a substrate only in the regions in which it is exposed to ultraviolet light. Patterned deposition of 100 m wide lines of material was demonstrated using a slit-shaped aluminum shadow mask during exposure. Stylus profilometry confirmed that the average thickness of the photodeposited film varied monotonically with accumulated UV-fluence, exhibiting thicknesses of 10 to 310 nm for fluences of 12 and 192 J/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the surface profile of the film surface at fluences greater than 12 J/cm² was found to reproduce the near-field, Fresnel diffraction pattern anticipated from the slit mask used. The nanoscale porosity of films deposited from solution using this technique was found to be dependent on the chemistry of the precursor solution used, with a 1 part addition of water to the precursor producing films with 100 nm diameter surface pores, and an 8 part addition of water to the precursor producing films with no visible surface porosity. Post-deposition thermal treatments have been explored as a means to modify the as-deposited chemistry and nanostructure of the photodeposited films. As-deposited films showed spectral characteristics indicating only a partial disruption of the starting molecular structure by the ultraviolet irradiation, retaining many of the ligand-based spectral features of the precursor. Films that were fired to 350 °C under an oxygen atmosphere no longer showed FTIR features corresponding to ligand-based vibrational modes, with the Raman spectrum of the material showing an increase in the wavenumber range that is indicative of Ti-O-Ti bonding, leading to the conclusion that the residual alkoxide ligands had been removed. In contrast films fired to this temperature under argon showed Raman features assigned to graphite-like structures, indicating that the reducing atmosphere led to the retention of the phenyl moieties in the fired films. The experimental results obtained from optical spectroscopy for both (OPy)₂Ti(4MP)₂ and (OPy)₂Ti(TAP)₂have been interpreted through the aid of quantum computational models. This modeling procedure, based in the Density Functional Theory framework, has allowed for an optimization of the proposed molecular structures into ground state geometries, from which normal mode analysis routines have been used to produce theoretical Raman and FTIR spectra. Additionally, Density Functional Theory models were used to interpret the excited state behavior of the (OPy)₂Ti(TAP)₂ molecule by predicting the high energy molecular orbitals and calculating the transition strength between the lower and upper levels to produce the theoretical ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. These calculations provided insight into the nature of the photoexcitation pathways available to the molecule upon the absorption of ultraviolet irradiation and the possible nature of the photoproducts formed as a result
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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