1,721,311 research outputs found
Albiglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textThe glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that provide the benefits of decreasing HbA1c and plasma glucose concentrations, stimulating insulin secretion with a very low risk of hypoglycemia, and promoting weight loss. With the exception of once-weekly exenatide, currently available GLP-1 receptor agonists are administered once or twice daily by injection. Albiglutide is a new GLP-1 receptor agonist recently approved in the U.S. (TanzeumTM) and European Union (Eperzan®) for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with a dosage of 30 mg once weekly, which may be increased to 50 mg if the glycemic response is inadequate. Clinical trials showed that albiglutide once weekly delayed gastric emptying, mildly decreased body weight and had similar efficacy in the reduction of HbA1c as comparators, but it failed to demonstrate noninferiority to liraglutide. Albiglutide exhibits an acceptable safety profile, although it is associated with more frequent gastrointestinal complaints (e.g., nausea, diarrhea, vomiting) and injection-site reactions. Immunogenicity (i.e., testing positive for antidrug antibody) was observed in 5.5% of subjects but it was not associated with increased adverse events. Long-term studies are needed to fully assess potential adverse events
Focus on vitamin D and the adrenal gland
No full textThe main role of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, thus preserving bone health. However, recent evidences have demonstrated that vitamin D may also play a role in a variety of nonskeletal disorders such as endocrine diseases and in particular type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, adrenal diseases, and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite controversial results on an association of low vitamin D levels with cortisol and aldosterone overproduction, encouraging in vitro findings have been reported on vitamin D effects in adrenocortical cancer cells. The focus of this review is the role of vitamin D in adrenal diseases and the results of vitamin D supplementation studies in patients. Although many studies support a beneficial role of vitamin D in adrenal disease, randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies are required to provide more insight into the efficacy and safety of vitamin D as a therapeutic tool
The management of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in obesity outpatient clinic: A practical guide. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, Pugliese G, Salzano C, Savastano S, Colao A.
No full textThe epidemic of obesity is growing steadily across the whole world. Obesity is not only a merely aesthetic disease but is the "mother" of most chronic diseases such as associated with a range of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer. However, although there is a need to find a strategy to stop this epidemic disease, most of the times the current nutritional strategies are not effective in weight loss and in long term weight maintenance. Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) is increasingly establishing as a successful nutritional pattern to manage obesity; this is due to rapid weight loss that gives rise to a positive psychological cycle which in turn increases the compliance to diet. Another important key point of VLCKD is the ability to preserve fatty free mass which is known to play a role of paramount importance in glucose metabolism. Despite the clinical evidence of VLCKD there are paucity of data regarding to its management. Therefore, we will provide a useful guide to be used by nutrition experts taking care of subjects with obesity. In particular, we will report recommendations on the correct use of this therapeutic approach for weight loss and management of side effects
Could the Mediterranean diet be effective in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? A proof of concept
No full textDifferences in vitamin D status might help explain the outcome disparities between African Americans and Caucasians in contemporary kidney transplant recipients
No full textNew-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: Prevalence, risk factors, and management
Full text linkNew-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation (NODAT) is an increasingly recognized severe metabolic complication of kidney transplantation causing lower graft function and survival and reduced long-term patient survival mainly due to cardiovascular events. The real incidence of NODAT after kidney transplantation is difficult to establish, because different classification systems and definitions have been employed over the years. Several risk factors, already present before or arising after transplantation, in particular the employed immunosuppressive regimens, have been related to the development of NODAT. However the responsible pathogenic mechanisms are still far to be perfectly known. Awareness of NODAT and of the NODAT-related factors is of paramount importance for the clinicians in order to individuate higher risk patients and arrange screening strategies. The risk of NODAT can be reduced by planning preventive measures and by tailoring immunosuppressive regimens according to the patient characteristics. Once NODAT has been diagnosed, the administration of specific anti-hyperglycemic therapy is mandatory to reach a tight glycemic control, which contributes to significantly reduce posttransplant mortality and morbidity
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