124,874 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic Environment. A Review of Findings.
No full textPreliminary pathological results on chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Tyrolean Grey cattle due to deletion in the EVC2 gene
No full textPreliminary pathological results on chondrodysplastic
dwarfism in Tyrolean Grey cattle due to deletion
in the EVC2 gene
C Benazzi*, KE Dittmer†, KG Thompson†, C Drögemüller‡, A
Gentile*, LV Muscatello*, L Murgiano‡, C Piffer#, M Bolcato*
and B Brunetti*
*Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064
Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy. Email: [email protected]
†Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University,
Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
‡Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern,
Switzerland.
#Gesundheitbezirk Bozen, Laura Conti Strasse 4, 39100 Bozen, Italy.
During July–November 2013 breeders reported the birth of
Italian Tyrolean Grey calves with abnormally short limbs. Seven calves, aged 2–5 months, were referred to the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy. Whole genome resequencing of an affected calf detected a single candidate causal mutation in the Ellis van Creveld syndrome 2 (EVC2) gene. All animals had difficulties in assuming or maintaining a quadrupedal stance, with deterioration in this ability with increased growth.
The limbs were disproportionately short and bulky, variably
rotated and arched in a dumbbell-like position. At necropsy, the limbs (in particular the femur and humerus) were rotated and significantly shortened. Histologically the growth plates of long bones and vertebrae were irregular and prematurely closed. The reserve zone showed variable thickness at the expense of proliferative and hypertrophic zones, which were disorganised with multifocal loss
of the normal columnar arrangement. In one calf reduced development of the heart valves was noted. In three female calves the genital tracts appeared fully mature, with numerous follicle-like structures
on the ovaries. The uteri had multiple polypoid structures
AFM and FTIR Spectroscopy Investigation of the Inverted Hexagonal Phase of Cardiolipin
No full textAtomic force microscopy (AFM) and FTIR spectroscopy techniques have been exploited to investigate the inverted hexagonal phase (HII) of cardiolipin obtained by dehydration of a phospholipid water dispersion on a solid support. The characteristic cylinders of the HII phase have been imaged by AFM and the effects of different preparation conditions (temperature and the presence of chemicals) on the structural parameters and on the presence of local nanoscale defects have been studied. It has been found that the measured repeat spacing of the HII cylinders decreases upon increase of temperature and addition of pentachlorophenol (PCP), a chemical which is known to affect the structure and function of lipid bilayers. It has been shown that AFM can help in revealing some features of the mechanism of the inverted hexagonal phase formation, corroborating the results of a recent molecular dynamics study on the HII phase formation from multilamellar phospholipid structures
Changes in blood-gas, biochemical and oxidative parameters in the horse associated with transport and fasting
No full textThe Australian and the European Animal Transportation Codes allow the transportation of horses without offering water for a maximum of 24 and 8 hours, respectively. This study aimed to document the effects of an 8 hour transportation event, devoid of water and feed, on physiological and metabolic parameters in horses. A total of 12 horses were transported in two identical transport events on different days (n=6 in each) for 8 hours around the Riverina district of NSW in a commercial truck without water and feed for the duration of travel. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected prior to transport (T0), at unloading (T1), and 24 hours after the trip (T2). At the same time points, body temperature, heart and respiratory rate were recorded. All data were analyzed by regression analysis using the mixed procedure of SAS, using time (T0, T1, T2) as a predictor variable and horse and day as random factors. Table 1 shows significant relationships generated by the regression analysis. There was no effect of the journey on pH, PaCO2, PaO2, SO2, AST, sodium, or reactive oxygen metabolites.
Table 1. The means squared of the studied parameters at the different time points. Differing superscripts within rows indicate significant difference (A,B:P<0.01; a,b: P<0.05) (Tukey-Kramer test)
Parameter Preloading (T0) Unloading (T1) One day after (T2) Standard error
K+ (mmol/L) 3.94 Aa 3.48 B 4.23 Ab 0.08
Ca++ (mmol/L) 1.51 Aa 1.42 B 1.58 Ab 0.02
glucose (mmol/L) 5.24 A 6.71 B 6.10 C 0.30
lactate (mmol/L) 0.51 Aa 0.77 b 0.81 B 0.09
HCT (%) 35.34a 31.97 Bb 38.34 A 1.65
HCO3- (mmol/L) 31.68 a 29.51 b 31.25 a 0.51
HCO3std (mmol/L) 32.09 a 29.94 b 31.79 a 0.79
TCO2 (mmol/L) 33.53 a 31.30 b 33.18 0.83
BEecf (mmol/L) 8.00 A 5.76 B 7.91 A 0.74
BE(B) (mmol/L) 6.80 A 5.16 B 7.00 A 0.53
THb (g/L) 109.47 a 99.10 Bb 117.26A 5.67
T (°C) 37.52A 37.96B 37.54A 0.18
HR (beat/min) 34.80A 43.34B 36.44A 1.45
RR (breath/min) 13.19a 19.01Bb 12.10A 2.08
Total Protein (g/L) 65.09 A 69.63B 68.27B 1.37
Albumin (g/L) 28.18A 30.27B 29.72B 0.68
CK (UI/L) 248.82a 291.45b 292.55b 12.06
PAT (Ucorr) 2543.55a 2732.91Bb 2422.36Aa 80.28
Cortisol 5.26Aa 6.65Ab 2.97B 0.37
Transportation for 8 hours was associated with mild but significant effects on fluid and electrolyte balance, muscle enzymes, and mobilization of antioxidants, without causing metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Further studies to evaluate frequency of rest and access to water and feed during transport are required to evaluate the need to update the current Australian equine transport code
"Characterisation of proteinaceous binders in wall painting samples by microwave assisted acid hydrolysis and GC-MS determination of aminoacids"
No full textImmunohistochemical screening of her2 in canine carcinomas: A preliminary study
No full textHER2 overexpression has been reported in various human and canine tumours. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of HER2 protein in different histotypes of canine carcinomas in order to identify potential tumours that could benefit from the HER2-targeted therapy. Eighty-two (82) canine carcinomas (squamous cell, gastro-intestinal, rectal, pulmonary, prostatic, urothelial, and ovarian) from paraffin-embedded samp les were immunohistochemically evaluated. The degree of HER2 expression was scored based on the ASCO/CAP 2018 guidelines. Intestinal carcinomas were those with greater HER2 overexpression (3+) with 81% of positive cases, followed by 42% of rectal carcinomas and 28% of squamous cell carcinomas. These observations suggest that HER2 overexpression could be a driver in the oncogenesis of several types of canine carcinomas and lay the foundations for the identification of different types of canine carcinomas that could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy
p53, ER, and Ki67 Expression in Canine Mammary Carcinomas and Correlation With Pathological Variables and Prognosis
No full textUsing immunohistochemistry, 170 canine mammary carcinomas were evaluated for p53, ER (estrogen receptor), and Ki67. Of the 170 tumors, 89 were grade I (52.3%), 36 were grade II (21.2%), and 45 were grade III (26.4%). Eight cases (0.5%) were positive for p53 and 69/170 cases (40.5%) were positive for ER. Ki67 values were 24 ± 18% (mean ± SD). Using a cutoff value of 33.3% Ki67-positive neoplastic nuclei, 38/159 (23.8%) were classified as high proliferative and 121/159 (76.2%) as low proliferative. p53-positive cases had significantly higher Ki67 expression and higher histological grade. ER expression was not correlated with p53 expression but was significantly related to low Ki67 values and low histological grade. Moreover, ER-positive cases had significantly longer survival compared to ER-negative tumors, and ER expression had better correlation with tumor-related survival than histological grade. In summary, p53 accumulated in a small subset of canine mammary tumors and was associated with higher proliferative activity and higher histological grade. ER expression was confirmed as a differentiation marker associated with more favorable prognosis and biological behavior. The combined use of these 3 markers could be used in addition to histological grade to predict the biological behavior of canine mammary carcinomas
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