1,720,984 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Environmental exposure to metallic soil elements and risk of cancer in the UK population, using a unique linkage between THIN and BGS databases
Get PDFBackground: There have been many epidemiological studies into the influence of exposure to the most toxic elements on the risk of cancer in the workplace, mainly due to the exposure of certain occupational groups, or perhaps in populations near industrial sources. Toxic elements include arsenic, copper, nickel, and uranium; and many more of these elements have been shown to increase the risk of several different types of cancers in these highly-exposed groups. Many of these elements naturally exist in the soil, and the health impact of these levels of environmental exposures on the general population has received little attention to date possibly due to the belief that soil concentrations of these elements are too low to cause harm to the general population. Therefore, the long-term effect of such chronic exposure to metals in the soil remains unclear.\ud
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Aims and objectives: The goals are to utilise a new resource known as THIN-GBASE for conducting a series of environmental epidemiological studies to test the hypothesis that BCC, lung and GIT cancers are associated with high exposure to certain low-level metals in soil. We sought to use this resource in determining which soil metals should be tested for predicting each of the cancer outcomes.\ud
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Methods: For BCC, an ecological study was initially undertaken to assess the overall regional variation in BCC to provide national and contemporary breakdowns of incidence rates across the UK. The primary exposure of interest for BCC was low-level soil arsenic, and we therefore quantified soil arsenic exposure levels based on the UK national safety limits for arsenic [i.e. As-C4SLs = 35 mg/kg]. A population-based cohort study was conducted to quantify the risks associated between the development of BCC and increasing levels of exposure to soil arsenic. For lung cancer, a two-stage process was adopted: 1) data mining analysis using the correlation-based filter selection model was used to find the restricted set of soil metals were best predictors for lung cancer; and 2) a prospective cohort study was use where these sets of elements were fitted together (adjusted for confounding variables) in a multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model to determine the risks associated between the development of lung cancer, with increasing levels of exposure to each specific element. For GIT cancers, a three-stage process was adopted: stages 1 and 2 used a similar methodology for the lung cancer study. In stage 3, all GIT cancers were divided into three broader outcomes i.e. upper GIT (includes mouth & oesophagus), stomach (as standalone) and colorectal (includes small, large, rectum and anal canal) cancers. A multivariate competing risk survival model was adjusted for the three different GIT cancers as competing events to identify associations between any of the selected group of metals found in stage 1 and GIT-specific cancers. \ud
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Results: For BCC, the findings for the ecological study show that overall EASRs & WASRs for BCC in the UK was 98.6 and 66.9 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. It indicates a large geographical variation in age-sex standardised incidence of BCC with the South East having the highest incidence of BCC (202.7/100,000 person-years), followed by South Central (193.5/100,000 person-years) and Wales (185.7/100,000 person-years). Incidence rates of BCC were substantially higher in the least socioeconomically deprived groups. It was observed that increasing levels of deprivation led to a decreased rate of BCC (p < 0.001). In terms of age groups, the largest annual increase was observed among those aged 30-49 years. Assessment for soil arsenic indicated that individuals living in areas with concentrations ≥35mg/kg significantly had an increased hazard of developing BCC (35-70mg/kg: adjusted HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14; ≥70mg/kg: adjusted HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.28). Urban residents with the highest exposure of soil arsenic had the greatest risk of developing BCC (≥ 70.0 mg/kg: HR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.36). For lung cancer, the correlation-based filter selection model identified aluminium, lead and uranium as the appropriate set of exposures for modelling lung cancer risk. Complete adjustments of hazards model showed evidence of an increased risk of developing lung cancer with elevated concentrations for only soil aluminium at medium levels ranging between 47,000-61,600mg/kg. Urban residents with the highest exposure of soil aluminium had the greatest risk of developing lung cancer (≥ 61,600mg/kg: HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22). For GIT cancers, the correlation-based filter selection model identified seven elements i.e. aluminium, phosphorus, zinc, uranium, calcium, manganese, and lead, as the appropriate set of exposures for predicting GIT cancer risk. The complete adjustment for hazards model indicated that the risk of developing overall GIT cancers were significantly associated with elevated exposure levels of soil phosphorus only (873-1,127mg/kg: HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14; 1,127-1,456mg/kg: HR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; and ≥1,145mg/kg: HR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13). There were no consistent relationships identified between any of the selected groups of elements and the GIT-specific cancer outcomes when adjusting for different GIT cancers as competing events. \ud
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Conclusion: There appears to be slight evidence of BCC, respiratory and GIT cancer risk with elevated exposure to soil arsenic, aluminium and phosphorus, respectively. The series of investigations conducted for this research are one of the first, if not, contemporary UK-based study to present novel estimates for a group of ill-defined pollutants. This research demonstrates that linking geochemical data with electronic primary care medical records can be a valuable approach of proving whether long term exposure to low-level soil contaminants may have a health consequence in the population
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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