1,721,053 research outputs found
Effect of light microclimate on the quality of 'd'Anjou' pears in mature open-centre tree architecture
No full textLight availability within trees is an important factor for canopy and fruit development as light drives photosynthetic processes. The effect of pre-harvest light microclimate on 'd'Anjou' pear fruit quality from harvest through to cold storage and ripening on fruit grown in open vase pear tree canopy was investigated. Light penetration was used to determine the light availability at different positions within the tree canopy. Five light penetration levels were predefined as 0-20%, 20%-40%, 40%-60%, 60%-80%, and 80%-100% and 60 fruits were selected from each level for quality assessment during three-month cold storage and postharvest ripening period. At harvest, upper canopy portions had a greater number of fruit than lower portions, but average single fruit mass was similar. During the cold storage and ripening period, the IAD index, a measure of chlorophyll degreening indicating fruit maturity, decreased. Fruit mass decreased for all light penetration levels during cold storage. No significant difference was found in fruit mass between light penetration levels following cold storage. Fruit soluble solids increased with light penetration while firmness exhibited an inverse relationship with light penetration level. Fruit from 80% to 100% light penetration level had significantly lower titratable acidity compared to other levels. This study indicated that light microclimate had consequential effects on 'd'Anjou' pear fruit quality, and effects of light penetration on quality were most pronounced in extreme light conditions, which are suggested to be the focus of further research
New training systems for high-density planting of sweet cherry
No full textWe assessed the vegetative growth and fruit production behavior of different sweet cherry cultivars grown using multiple new ultra-high-density planting (HDP) and training systems. An experimental orchard established in 2007 in the Ferrara province of Italy was used for this trial. The sweet cherry cultivars under evaluation were ‘Giorgia’ and ‘Grace Star®’ grafted on Gisela® 6; and ‘Black Star®’, ‘Early Bigi®’, ‘Early Star®’, ‘Ferrovia’, ‘Grace Star®’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’, ‘Summit’, ‘Sweet Early®’, and ‘Sylvia’ grafted on Gisela® 5 rootstock. Each cultivar-rootstock combination was trained to spindle, V-system, or Super Spindle Axis (SSA). Planting densities ranged from 1905 trees/ha for spindle with Gisela® 6 to 5714 trees/ha for V-system and SSA with Gisela® 5. Vegetative growth, yield productivity, and fruit quality were evaluated. Among the three systems grafted on Gisela® 5, trees trained to the spindle system had the highest trunk cross-sectional area (26.2 cm2), followed by V-system (21.8 cm2) and SSA (20.2 cm2). Seven years after planting, ‘Ferrovia’ had the highest cumulative yield per hectare among cultivars on Gisela® 5, especially with V-system (50.5 t·ha-1) and SSA (52.2 t·ha-1) training systems. For cultivars on Gisela® 6, ‘Giorgia’ on had the highest cumulative yield per hectare after 7 years, but ‘Grace Star®’ on had higher production (≈14.0 t·ha-1with V-system and SSA and 12.8 t·ha-1with spindle) than ‘Giorgia’ in 2013
DAFL: New Innovative Device to Monitor Fruit Ripening in Storage
No full textThe ripening stage reached by the fruits at harvest is linked to the fruit quality traits at consumption; it influences the postharvest management affecting storage length and fruit disease susceptibility. As a consequence, the knowledge of the ripening stage at harvest becomes essential, as well as the monitoring of the fruit ripening changes during cold storage. The index of absorbance difference (IAD) can follow the fruit ripening along the supply chain starting in the orchard, provided by the DA-Meter, a non-destructive device operating in VIS-NIR wavelenghts, and during cold storage, with the DAFL (difference absorbance fruit logger) that measures automatically the IAD at fixed intervals. The DAFL remote devices are positioned on a given number of fruits kept in cold storage and the IAD values are transmitted by radio to a server. The real time monitoring of these values gives indication on the management of the fruit as related to the ripening during storage
Crop load influences fruit quality, nutritional balance, and return bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple
No full textThe apple variety, ‘Honeycrisp’ has been extensively planted in North America during the last two decades. However, it suffers from several agronomic problems that limit productivity and postharvest quality. To reduce losses, new information is needed to better describe the impact of crop load on productivity and postharvest fruit quality in a desert environment and the major region where ‘Honeycrisp’ expansion is occurring. Here, 7-year-old ‘Honeycrisp’ trees on the M9- Nic29 rootstock (2.530.9m) were hand thinned to five different crop loads [from 4.7 to 16.0 fruit/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA)] to compare fruit quality,maturity, fruit size, elemental concentration, and return bloom. Fruit size distribution was affected by crop load. Trees with the highest crop load (16 fruit/cm2) produced smaller fruit. Index of absorbance difference (IAD)measurements (absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm), a proxy indicator of the chlorophyll content below the skin of fruit measured by a DA-meter, were made shortly after harvest (T0) and after 6 months of storage (T1). Fruit from the trees with the lowest crop load had lower IAD values indicating advanced fruit ripeness. The comparison between the IAD classes at T0 and T1 showed that fruit belonging to the lowest IAD class had significantly higher redblushed overcolor percentage, firmness, dry matter, and soluble solid content than those in the ‘‘most unripe’’ class (highest IAD readings) regardless of crop load. The percentage of blushed color, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content, and dry matter were all higher in the lowest crop loads at both T0 and T1. Fruit calcium (Ca) concentration was lowest at the lowest crop load. The (K + Mg + N):Ca ratio decreased as crop load increased until a crop load of 11.3 fruit/cm2, which was not significantly different from higher crop loads. For return bloom, the highest number of flower clusters per tree was reported for 4.7 fruit/cm2 crop load, and generally it decreased as crop load increased. Here, we highlight the corresponding changes in fruit quality, storability, and elemental balance with tree crop load. To maintain high fruit quality and consistency in yield, careful crop load management is required to minimize bienniality and improve fruit quality and storability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Identification of a QTL for psylla resistance in pear via genome scanning approach
No full textMost current breeding programs in pear are not only aimed to improve the fruit quality, but also resistance to pathogens and pests, such as psylla (Cacopsylla pyri). For this purpose seedlings derived from the crossing 'NY10353' × 'Doyenne du Comice' were grafted on quince and tested for resistance to psylla in a tunnel, considering as parameters both the number of adults (antixenosis) and of nymphs (antibiosis) found on each plant. A "Genome Scanning Approach" was then performed on 14 seedlings selected among those showing the highest degree of resistance. This approach made it possible to identify a putative QTL on chromosome 17 of the resistant parent 'NY10353', that was further confirmed by the analysis of the entire population. The presence of this QTL was stable in all the three years of phenotyping by using as phenotypic parameter the number of nymphs. No associations were found on the susceptible parent 'Doyenne du Comice'. Molecular markers located in this region represent a first tool to setup a MAS approach to select new pear genotypes resistant to psyll
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Seasonal trends of starch and soluble carbohydrates in fruits and leaves of ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees and their relationship to fruit quality parameters
No full textPlants mainly store carbohydrates, a product of photosynthesis, as starch and the amount of distribution of starch differs between organs and species. The objective of this research was to study changes in carbohydrate reserves, mainly starch, in the fruits and leaves of ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees at different physiological stages during the 2012–2013 growing seasons. Trees were trained as a spindle system and grafted on two rootstocks, Sydo® and Quince C. The evolution of starch degradation in fruit was correlated with the fruit quality parameters, soluble sugars and organic acids. Starch in fruit started accumulating early, 50 days after full bloom (DAFB), and reached a maximum concentration during the middle phase of fruit development, 110 DAFB, several weeks before harvest. As starch degradation began, a constant increase of soluble carbohydrates occurred. The two rootstocks did not induce significant differences in starch concentrations, but were different in their amounts of soluble carbohydrates. Further, the starch degradation in fruits was highly related to fruit weight, soluble solids content, flesh firmness and Index of Absorbance Difference. Among soluble sugars and organic acids, glucose, fructose, sucrose and quinic acid were related to starch hydrolysis during fruit maturation. Understanding the changes in carbohydrate creation and degradation among vegetative and reproductive organs could lead to optimization of yield efficiency and production
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