1,392,290 research outputs found
Copy number variants and selective sweeps in natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus)
No full textCopy–number variants (CNVs) may play an important role in early adaptations, potentially facilitating rapid divergence of populations. We describe an approach to study this question by investigating CNVs present in natural populations of mice in the early stages of divergence and their involvement in selective sweeps. We have analyzed individuals from two recently diverged natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from Germany and France using custom, high–density, comparative genome hybridization arrays (CGH) that covered almost 164 Mb and 2444 genes. One thousand eight hundred and sixty one of those genes we previously identified as differentially expressed between these populations, while the expression of the remaining genes was invariant. In total, we identified 1868 CNVs across all 10 samples, 200 bp to 600 kb in size and affecting 424 genic regions. Roughly two thirds of all CNVs found were deletions. We found no enrichment of CNVs among the differentially expressed genes between the populations compared to the invariant ones, nor any meaningful correlation between CNVs and gene expression changes. Among the CNV genes, we found cellular component gene ontology categories of the synapse overrepresented among all the 2444 genes tested. To investigate potential adaptive significance of the CNV regions, we selected six that showed large differences in frequency of CNVs between the two populations and analyzed variation in at least two microsatellites surrounding the loci in a sample of 46 unrelated animals from the same populations collected in field trappings. We identified two loci with large differences in microsatellite heterozygosity (Sfi1 and Glo1/Dnahc8 regions) and one locus with low variation across the populations (Cmah), thus suggesting that these genomic regions might have recently undergone selective sweeps. Interestingly, the Glo1 CNV has previously been implicated in anxiety–like behavior in mice, suggesting a differential evolution of a behavioral trai
Basic [Gender] Design. Modelli e format di insegnamento al Design, inclusivi e non normativi, per la preservazione e valorizzazione delle unicità
No full textIl Design for All (DfA) è un’istanza progettuale che mira a garantire accessibilità, condivisione, personalizzazione e inclusività degli artefatti e dei servizi, superando le barriere tra umano e artefatto. Tuttavia, l’approccio di universalità basato sulla neutralizzazione e la progettazione “one size fits all” deve essere rivisto poiché può escludere gruppi emarginati, perpetuare stereotipi di genere e creare disuguaglianze sociali. Per ri-formulare il DfA, è essenziale rivedere le basi del pensiero progettuale, in particolare la formazione in Design, per consentire ai designer di adottare una prospettiva più inclusiva e rispettosa delle singole unicità. Questo implica l’inclusione di questioni di genere nel
corpus teorico-metodologico del Basic Design, con l’obiettivo di integrare una queer-usability nel processo di design.Design for All (DfA) is a design instance aimed at ensuring accessibility, sharing, personalization, and inclusivity of artifacts and services, bridging the gap between human and artifact. However, the concept of universality based on neutralization and “one size fits all design” needs to be reconsidered as it may exclude marginalized groups – perpetuate gender stereotypes – and generate social inequalities. To reformulate the DfA approach, it is essential to review the foundations of design thinking, particularly in Design education, enabling designers to embrace a more inclusive and respectful perspective of individual uniqueness. This entails incorporating gender issues into the theoretical and methodological framework of Basic Design, with the goal of integrating queer-usability into the design process
Pathogens of house mice on arid Boullanger Island and subantarctic Macquarie Island, Australia
No full textStudies on island populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) and their viruses reveal insights into viral persistence in isolated communities. We surveyed the ectoparasites, endoparasites, and antiviral antibodies for 11 murine viruses and two bacteria of house mice inhabiting two islands off Australia. House mice on Boullanger Island were seropositive to two viruses, murine cytomegalovirus and epizootic diarrhea of infant mice. On subantarctic Macquarie Island, house mice were seropositive for five viruses: murine cytomegalovirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, mouse parvovirus, epizootic diarrhea of infant mice, and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. The diversity of antiviral antibodies was lower among populations of house mice on islands than those inhabiting mainland Australia. The decreased diversity of viruses in island populations of house mice may be a function of which agent the founder mice transfer to the island and related to the low densities which the host population may periodically reach over time
House mouse colonization patterns on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago suggest singular primary invasions and resilience against re-invasion.
No full textStarting from Western Europe, the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) has spread across the globe in historic times. However, most oceanic islands were colonized by mice only within the past 300 years. This makes them an excellent model for studying the evolutionary processes during early stages of new colonization. We have focused here on the Kerguelen Archipelago, located within the sub-Antarctic area and compare the patterns with samples from other Southern Ocean islands
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A new fireworm (Amphinomidae) from the Cretaceous of Lebanon identified from three-dimensionally preserved myoanatomy
No full textoai:nhm.openrepository.com:10141/601424© 2015 Parry et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A. Berriedale Keilh : A History of Sanskrit Literature
No full textMus Paul. A. Berriedale Keilh : A History of Sanskrit Literature. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 28 N°3, 1928. pp. 505-508
The usefulness of diploid/tetraploid embryo aggregation for facilitating xenogeneic embryo transfer between Mus musculus and Meriones unguiculatus
No full textVitaMajor subject: Veterinary PhysiologyThe failure of interspecific embryo transfer between placental mammals is generally attributed to either some maternal immune response, failure of local immunoregulation, or failure of tissue interaction between trophectoderm (TE) and uterus at implantation. The objectives of this study were to develop technology for the production of interspecific diploid/tetraploid aggregate chimeras between Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) and Mus musculus (mouse), and to use that technology to test the hypothesis that Mus musculus tetraploid embryos can support the fetal development of Meriones unguiculatus in the Mus musculus uterus. To develop methodology for the production and transfer of interspecific diploid/tetraploid aggregate chimeras, three areas were evaluated; 1. the use of rabbit antimurine whole serum antibody to immunosurgically isolate the Meriones unguiculatus inner cell mass (ICM), 2. the survival of Meriones unguiculatus blastocysts transferred to Mus musculus recipients and, 3. the implantation rates of Mus musculus tetraploid blastocysts transferred to Mus musculus recipients that were either 2.5 or 3.5 days post coitum (p.c ). The ICM of Meriones unguiculatus blastocysts were isolated by immunosurgery using rabbit antimurine whole serum. Meriones unguiculatus blastocysts did not survive to term in the Mus musculus uterus. Mus musculus tetraploid blastocysts transferred to Mus musculus recipients did not appear to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between recipients that were 2.5 or 3.5 days p.c. However, the implantation rates of those recipients that did contain implantation sites demonstrated a statistically significant (P<0.0005) higher rate of implantation in recipients that were 3.5 days p.c. Using the methodology developed and presented above, Mus musculus tetraploid 4-cell embryos were aggregated with either a Mus musculus or Meriones unguiculatus ICM, cultured 24 hours in vitro and aggregate blastocysts were transferred to 2.5 day p.c. Mus musculus recipients. One Mus musculus term fetus was produced from a diploid/tetraploid aggregate chimera, yet no Meriones unguiculatus term fetuses were produced. The survival of one intraspecific offspring demonstrates the tetraploid embryo's ability to establish and maintain the fetal-maternal interactions. However, the low rate of survival obtained in this study precludes conclusive assessment of the development of interspecific offspring by this procedure
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