1,720,986 research outputs found
Cutaneous Melanoma Classification: The Importance of High-Throughput Genomic Technologies
No full textCutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor responsible for 90% of mortality related to skin cancer. In the recent years, the discovery of driving mutations in melanoma has led to better treatment approaches. The last decade has seen a genomic revolution in the field of cancer. Such genomic revolution has led to the production of an unprecedented mole of data. High-throughput genomic technologies have facilitated the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of several cancers, including melanoma. Nevertheless, there are a number of newer genomic technologies that have not yet been employed in large studies. In this article we describe the current classification of cutaneous melanoma, we review the current knowledge of the main genetic alterations of cutaneous melanoma and their related impact on targeted therapies, and we describe the most recent high-throughput genomic technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We hope that the current review will also help scientists to identify the most suitable technology to address melanoma-related relevant questions. The translation of this knowledge and all actual advancements into the clinical practice will be helpful in better defining the different molecular subsets of melanoma patients and provide new tools to address relevant questions on disease management. Genomic technologies might indeed allow to better predict the biological - and, subsequently, clinical - behavior for each subset of melanoma patients as well as to even identify all molecular changes in tumor cell populations during disease evolution toward a real achievement of a personalized medicine
Terrazzamenti e ciglionamenti in Friuli Venezia Giulia: solo una testimonianza del "vecchio mondo rurale"?
No full textAlthough almost an unknown landscape, in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (Northeastern Italy) terraced areas are a quite widespread landuse, mainly along the coast (near the urban area of Trieste), sometimes on the eastern hills and on the Alpine foothills (Natisone Valley). The way in which they were built, the several material, their di!erent functions (agriculture, breeding, protective) reveal the great diversity of this Region. However, in the last decades the deep changes of the primary sector and the demographic decline in mountain areas caused the neglect of this landscape. At the same time, these conditions promoted an increase of the embankments along the eastern hills for the cultivation of wine. However, while along the coast recently the terraced areas were often recovered, in the Natisone Valley they frequently are only a complex matter. Now terraced areas represent opportunities and risks for their inhabitants, so their preservation is one of the aims of the Rural Development Programs of this Region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MicroRNA Signature in Human Normal and Tumoral Neural Stem Cells
Full text linkMicroRNAs, also called miRNAs or simply miR‐, represent a unique class of non‐coding
RNAs that have gained exponential interest during recent years because of their determinant
involvement in regulating the expression of several genes. Despite the increasing number of
mature miRNAs recognized in the human species, only a limited proportion is engaged in the
ontogeny of the central nervous system (CNS). miRNAs also play a pivotal role during the
transition of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) into tumor‐forming NSCs. More specifically,
extensive studies have identified some shared miRNAs between NSCs and neural cancer stem cells
(CSCs), namely miR‐7, ‐124, ‐125, ‐181 and miR‐9, ‐10, ‐130. In the context of NSCs, miRNAs are
intercalated from embryonic stages throughout the differentiation pathway in order to achieve
mature neuronal lineages. Within CSCs, under a different cellular context, miRNAs perform tumor
suppressive or oncogenic functions that govern the homeostasis of brain tumors. This review will
draw attention to the most characterizing studies dealing with miRNAs engaged in neurogenesis
and in the tumoral neural stem cell context, offering the reader insight into the power of next
generation miRNA‐targeted therapies against brain malignancies
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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