1,721,237 research outputs found
Some psychobiological implications of the consumption of cannabis.
Full text linkThe International Handbook of Psychobiology comprises 30 chapters which are organized into the following sections: the physical environment: how psychobiological processes regulate how we respond and cope; stress and anxiety; managing and enhancing cognition and mood; substance use and misuse; sleep; and psychobiology and human development
What is Psychobiology?
Full text linkThe International Handbook of Psychobiology comprises 30 chapters which are organized into the following sections: the physical environment: how psychobiological processes regulate how we respond and cope; stress and anxiety; managing and enhancing cognition and mood; substance use and misuse; sleep; and psychobiology and human development
Some psychobiological implications of the consumption of cannabis.
Full text linkThe International Handbook of Psychobiology comprises 30 chapters which are organized into the following sections: the physical environment: how psychobiological processes regulate how we respond and cope; stress and anxiety; managing and enhancing cognition and mood; substance use and misuse; sleep; and psychobiology and human development
What is Psychobiology?
Full text linkThe International Handbook of Psychobiology comprises 30 chapters which are organized into the following sections: the physical environment: how psychobiological processes regulate how we respond and cope; stress and anxiety; managing and enhancing cognition and mood; substance use and misuse; sleep; and psychobiology and human development
Some psychobiological implications of cannabis use
No full textThis chapter aims to provide an overview of evidence which highlights the interrelatedness of effects upon neurotransmission, brain structures, and neurocognitive performance, and presents a foundation for future research. Public debates concerning the removal of legal prohibitions concerning cannabis use, and the media coverage of these debates, add to the importance and public relevance of research into the psychobiological implications of cannabis use. The effects of cannabinoid consumption provide a basis for exploring potential impacts upon human performance with regard to cognition and behaviour. Verbal learning and memory is a domain of cognitive functioning where reviews highlight the prevalence of primary studies reporting impaired functioning in cannabis users compared to controls, or the finding of correlation between estimates of cannabis consumption and task performance. The wide range of abilities that may come under the heading of 'executive functioning' does make it difficult to make definitive conclusions about the relationship between cannabis use and executive functioning
‘Ecstasy’ (MDMA) and visuospatial processing: a follow-up systematic review
No full textThis chapter reports a systematic review concerning the relationship of ecstasy (MDMA) to impairments in human visuospatial processing. The present review followed-up that of Murphy et al. (2012), published in Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental (Volume 27, pp. 113-138). Both reviews concerned ecstasy users not under the influence of the drug when tested. The Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched using the same search terms and inclusion criteria as the 2012 review, covering the period from June 2010 to November 2019. Eighteen research articles containing 20 studies were included in the present review. Contradictory evidence for impaired visusopatial processing was found in all four task categories examined. It was concluded that future studies should seek to make greater use of hair toxicology data for objective measures of both ecstasy use, and that of other drugs which might confound results. Furthermore, measures of brain functioning accompanying visuospatial processing should be taken (e.g. using functional near-infra red spectroscopy) to address the possibility of differences in localised brain activity supporting similar performance levels in users and nonusers. Future studies should also be mindful of genotypic differences concerning MDMA metabolism and serotonergic functioning as a potential component of variance in their results
The psychobiology of substance use behaviours and its relationship to personal and social psychological interpretations of these behaviours.
No full textThis chapter reflects upon the relationship of psychobiological knowledge concerning substance use behaviours to knowledge coming from the domains of social psychology and clinical psychology practice, with regard to the personal and socially based interpretations which substance users themselves have of these behaviours. Current knowledge regarding psychobiological structures and processes relevant to substance use were briefly reviewed. These included pharmacokinetic processes regulating the bioavailability of a consumed drug, pharmacodynamics processes occurring at neuronal membranes, activity in the neural substrates of reward in response to both drug administration and to social rewards, genetic predispositions to develop substance use behaviours, and the determinants of individual differences in the effects of drugs on psychological functioning. By contrast, social psychological perspectives generally highlighted the role of cognitions associated with these behaviours, with these cognitions providing a medium for the representation of meaning associated with substance use. Clinical psychological literature was then briefly reviewed concerning the specific meaning of ‘self-medication’ which may sometimes be attached to substance use. It was concluded that psychobiological approaches to substance use provided knowledge at a different level of explanation to perspectives focussing upon the meaning of such behaviours, but that no particular level of explanation was inherently superior or more adequate than another. The important consideration was that levels of explanation needed to be appropriate for the specific questions to which answers were being sought. <br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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