59 research outputs found
Late Middle Ages and Renaissance: the forgotten contribution of Max Dvořák
No full textMax Dvořák, one of the pilasters of the Viennese school of art history, is nowadays widely known for the works of his final years as well as for writings on monument conservation. Through a reconstruction of the historical and academic context and a brief presentation of Dvořák’s studies on the transition period from the fourteenth to the fifteenth century, the author aims to show that the Bohemian scholar made an important contribution to the art historical debate of the time, for which he is hardly appreciated today.
This article examines a selection of Dvořák’s early writings from the first decade of the twenthieth century. In particular, the habilitation thesis Das Rätsel der Kunst der Brüder van Eyck (The Enigma of the Art of the Van Eyck Brothers, 1903) is consulted. While many scholars claim that there is a wide gap between his older works and those from the last years of his life, as stated by his former students Karl M. Swoboda and Johannes Wilde in the preface to Kunstgeschichte als Geistesgeschichte (1924), it is argued here that Dvořák’s point of view already presents the basic elements of his more mature conclusions at the beginning of his academic career. Likewise, it is reflected on the fact that Dvořák made a remarkable contribution to a new consideration of the transitional period between the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, among other workd, with his Enigma, but that this is today attributed not to him but to the cultural historian Johan Huizinga and his work Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919)
Defining a Discipline: «Kunstgeschichtliche Anzeigen» as a Critical Organ for the Vienna School
No full textThis article briefly presents the often mentioned, yet not deeper investigated journal 'Kunstgeschichtliche Anzeigen' (KA), founded by Franz Wickhoff in 1904. The primary driving force behind the project was his then assistant Max Dvořák, who continued the editorship after Wickhoff’s death in 1909 until 1913. On this occasion, the founding of the journal through the unpublished correspondence between the two, which gives insight into the journal’s objectives and purpose, is retraced. Particular attention is given to the involvement of scholars from other universities as well as to the KA’s aim to establish a definition of scientifically valid research in art history. In this context, an analysis of the Vienna School’s definition of Wissenschaftlichkeit (‘scientificity’) is a central part of the article. Finally, the author reflects on the journal’s legitimacy in the broader context of the institutionalisation of the discipline of art history
EU cultural policy as a tool to combat crises - a discourse analysis on the use of cultural policy in deadlock
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-17Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 102620
Lift date: 2019-08-10T21:25:30Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 102620 on 2019-08-11T09:15:09Z.This Master’s thesis looks at the relationship between crises and European identity, an identity largely built by the EU’s cultural policy. I examine where this connection is made by analyzing communication from various EU institutions, as well as EU or national politicians, and newspapers. I hypothesize that the EU is referring to European identity and the common European cultural heritage in crisis situations. After conducting discourse analysis, a connection between crises and European identity or common culture is made at various places and by various people. This thesis contributes to the field of European Union Studies, by looking at how the concept of European identity through cultural policy is utilized. It also makes a contribution to the field of Cultural studies by indicating how culture can be instrumentalized and how culture can transform social relations.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01The student, Raphaela Berding, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-13 at 17:11.The student, Raphaela Berding, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-13 at 17:11.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-17 at 09:39.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10751 on 2017-08-10 at 14:30:3
Neural correlates of working memory and its association with metabolic parameters in early-treated adults with phenylketonuria.
No full textBACKGROUND
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism affecting the conversion of phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine. Previous research has found cognitive and functional brain alterations in individuals with PKU even if treated early. However, little is known about working memory processing and its association with task performance and metabolic parameters. The aim of the present study was to examine neural correlates of working memory and its association with metabolic parameters in early-treated adults with PKU.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 20 early-treated adults with PKU (mean age: 31.4 years ± 9.0) and 40 healthy controls with comparable age, sex, and education (mean age: 29.8 years ± 8.2). All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of working memory to evaluate the fronto-parietal working memory network. Fasting blood samples were collected from the individuals with PKU to acquire a concurrent plasma amino acid profile, and retrospective Phe concentrations were obtained to estimate an index of dietary control.
RESULTS
On a cognitive level, early-treated adults with PKU displayed significantly lower accuracy but comparable reaction time in the working memory task compared to the control group. Whole-brain analyses did not reveal differences in working memory-related neural activation between the groups. Exploratory region-of-interest (ROI) analyses indicated reduced neural activation in the left and right middle frontal gyri and the right superior frontal gyrus in the PKU group compared to the control group. However, none of the ROI analyses survived correction for multiple comparisons. Neural activation was related to concurrent Phe, tyrosine, and tryptophan concentrations but not to retrospective Phe concentrations.
CONCLUSION
In early-treated adults with PKU, cognitive performance and neural activation are slightly altered, a result that is partly related to metabolic parameters. This study offers a rare insight into the complex interplay between metabolic parameters, neural activation, and cognitive performance in a sample of individuals with PKU
The impact of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) on the quality and diagnostic value of thyroid nodule fine-needle aspirations.
No full textBACKGROUND
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the preferred method to evaluate the dignity of thyroid nodules. Nevertheless, the often-reported high non-diagnostic rate burdens affected patients and the healthcare system. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) constitutes an addition to the thyroid FNA procedure, with various studies showing its beneficial effect on the Bethesda I non-diagnostic rate. We aimed to assess whether ROSE may reduce the rate of Bethesda categories III and V. Additionally, we examined the influence of ROSE on specimen quality.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study, comparing Bethesda categorization and specimen quality in specimens subject to ROSE compared to those not subject to ROSE. We also evaluated aspects of specimen quality that differed according to the use of ROSE. We subcategorized Bethesda I into insufficient cellularity or artifacts, and Bethesda categories III and V into cellular without artifacts, sparsely cellular, or artifacts.
RESULTS
We evaluated 5030 thyroid FNAs. ROSE was performed in 1304 (25.9%) cases, and ROSE was not utilized for 3726 (74.1%) specimens. The rate of Bethesda I non-diagnostic and Bethesda III categories was reduced in specimens subject to ROSE (4.3%, 56/1304), compared to non-ROSE (39.9%, 1487/3726, p<.001). The rate of both benign Bethesda II and malignant Bethesda VI diagnoses was 91.6% (1194/1270) in ROSE specimens, compared to 56.6% (1999/3530) in non-ROSE (p<.001). This was reflected by a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy with ROSE (AUCnon-ROSE=0.811, AUCROSE=0.895, p=.004). The overall rate of specimens flawed by sparse cellularity in Bethesda categories III and V was 0.1% (1/1304) in ROSE specimens compared to 1.2% (45/3726) in non-ROSE (p<.001). The overall artifact rate was 0.3% (4/1304) for ROSE specimens and 2.5% (92/3726) for non-ROSE (p<.001).
CONCLUSIONS
ROSE significantly increased diagnostic accuracy by improving FNA specimens quantitatively and qualitatively. We suggest considering ROSE as standard of care for thyroid FNAs
Fear and discomfort of children and adolescents during MRI: ethical consideration on research MRIs in children.
No full textQuality of Life in the Management of Home Parenteral Nutrition
No full textIntroduction: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a rare but challenging therapy and care for patients with mostly severe underlying diseases. We aimed to investigate patient-reported health-related quality of life (QOL) of patients receiving HPN and its development over time in particular.
Methods: We assessed QOL of HPN patients in a prospective multicenter observational study (SWISSHPN II study). We designed a questionnaire to record symptoms and negative impacts of HPN and completed the validated Optum® SF-36v2® Health Survey with the patients.
Results: 70 patients (50% women) on HPN were included. PN commonly affected feelings of dependency (n = 49, 70%), traveling/leaving home (n = 37, 53%), attending cultural and social events (n = 25, 36%), and sleep (n = 22, 31%). Most frequently reported symptoms were diarrhea (n = 30, 43%), polyuria (n = 28, 40%), nausea/emesis (n = 27, 39%), dysgeusia (n = 23, 33%), and cramps (n = 20, 29%). At baseline, mean (SD) SF-36v2® physical and mental health component summary scores (PCS and MCS) were 45 (20) and 57 (19), respectively, and there was a trend towards improvement in PCS over the study period while MCS remained stable. Satisfaction with health care professionals involved in HPN care was high.
Conclusion: QOL is a crucial and decisive aspect of HPN patient care. Symptoms related to the underlying disease and PN are frequent. Impaired social life and an ambivalent attitude towards the life-saving therapy are major concerns for these patients and should be addressed in their care.</jats:p
Cognition after a 4-week high phenylalanine intake in adults with phenylketonuria - a randomized controlled trial.
No full textBACKGROUND
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by increased phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations in the blood and brain. Despite wide agreement on treatment during childhood, recommendations for adults are still controversial.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of a 4-week increase in Phe intake (simulating normal dietary Phe consumption) on cognition, mood, and depression in early-treated adults with PKU in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT).
METHODS
In a single-site crossover trial, 30 adult patients with classical PKU diagnosed at birth were recruited. All patients underwent a 4-week period of oral Phe administration (1500-3000 mg Phe/d) and a 4-week placebo period in a randomly assigned order with age, sex, and place of usual medical care as stratification factors. Analyses were based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) approach to claim noninferiority (noninferiority margin -4%), with working memory accuracy as the primary endpoint and additional cognitive domains, mood, and depression as secondary endpoints.
RESULTS
For the primary endpoint, a 4-week increase of Phe intake was noninferior to placebo with respect to working memory accuracy in both the ITT [point estimate 0.49; lower limit 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.99] and the PP analysis (point estimate -1.22; lower limit 95% CI: -2.60). Secondary outcomes (working memory reaction time, manual dexterity, mood, and depression) did not significantly differ between the Phe and placebo period, except for sustained attention (point estimate 31.0; lower limit 95% CI: 9.0). Adverse events were more frequent during the Phe than during the placebo period (95% CI: 1.03, 2.28, P = 0.037).
CONCLUSIONS
In early-treated adult patients with PKU, a 4-week high Phe intake was noninferior to continuing Phe restriction regarding working memory accuracy, and secondary outcomes did not differ except for sustained attention. Longer-term RCTs are required to determine whether low Phe levels need to be maintained throughout different periods of adulthood. This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03788343
Römische Fabeln auf Mühlviardlarisch
No full textThe Mühlviertel is an Austrian region belonging to the state of Upper Austria: it is one of four quarters of Upper Austria, the others being Hausruckviertel, Traunviertel, and Innviertel. It is named for the two rivers Große Mühl and Kleine Mühl. Here are Phaedrus' fables in this dialect, though the author challenges our normal understanding of the difference between language and dialect; this dialect is for him an independent language (6-7). This book with its illustration has helped me to understand Phaedrus V 9 for the first time (195): the bull went through this opening a long time ago, when he was smaller. He does not need the younger animal's advice about what he has already done many times over. The black-and-white illustrations are good, if simple. They are all sideways -- because landscape -- in a book that is in the traditional portrait frame. Among the best illustrations are those of the fox and owl and their young (57); the eagle, cat, and pig (74); the grasshopper and the owl (114); the fox and the goat (146). The cover's colored rendition of FG seems much livelier than the black-and-white (132). Does the fact that the vocabulary after each fable comes in a standardized table betray the computer-generated character of this book?This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: German (Mühlviardlarisch)Leopold Pamme
Robustness of Simultaneous Lesion and Neuroanatomy Segmentation in Multiple Sclerosis Using Deep Neural Networks
No full textSegmentation of white matter lesions and deep grey matter structures is an important task in the quantification of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. In this paper we explore segmentation solutions based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for providing fast, reliable segmentations of lesions and grey-matter structures in multi-modal MR imaging, and the performance of these methods when applied to out-of-centre data. We trained two state-of-the-art fully convolutional CNN architectures on the 2016 MSSEG training dataset, which was annotated by seven independent human raters: a reference implementation of a 3D Unet, and a more recently proposed 3D-to-2D architecture (DeepSCAN). We then retrained those methods on a larger dataset from a single centre, with and without labels for other brain structures. We quantified changes in performance owing to dataset shift, and changes in performance by adding the additional brain-structure labels. We also compared performance with freely available reference methods. Both fully-convolutional CNN methods substantially outperform other approaches in the literature when trained and evaluated in cross-validation on the MSSEG dataset, showing agreement with human raters in the range of human inter-rater variability. Both architectures showed drops in performance when trained on single-centre data and tested on the MSSEG dataset. When trained with the addition of weak anatomical labels derived from Freesurfer, the performance of the 3D Unet degraded, while the performance of the DeepSCAN net improved. Overall, the DeepSCAN network predicting both lesion and anatomical labels was the best-performing network examined
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