1,720,963 research outputs found
Fonctions immuno-modulatrices de la ténascine-C dans un modèle de progression tumorale
No full textLa ténascine-C (TNC), protéine de la matrice extracellulaire, favorise la progression tumorale et la métastase par des mécanismes pas totalement élucidés. J’ai utilisé un nouveau modèle de progression tumorale de la glande mammaire basé sur une approche de greffe de cellules tumorales orthotopiques syngéniques et j’ai ainsi identifié la TNC comme un régulateur important de la croissance tumorale. L’expression concomitante de la TNC par les cellules de l’hôte et les cellules tumorales induit une régression de la tumeur en induisant une signature de présentation d’antigène. Cette signature a été corrélée avec une meilleure survie des patientes atteintes de cancer du sein. D’autre part, la TNC exprimée par les cellules tumorales induit également l’expression de CXCL12 au sein de la tumeur, piégeant les lymphocytes CD8+ dans des travées de matrice enrichies avec le CXCL12 lié à la TNC. L’inhibition du récepteur de CXCL12, le CXCR4 provoque une régression tumorale qui s’accompagne d’un afflux important de lymphocytes T CD8+ et d’une augmentation de la mort cellulaire au sein du lit tumorale. La séquestration des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques par la TNC dans les travées de matrice peut avoir une implication importante dans le développement et l’utilisation des nouvelles immunothérapies ciblant l’activité des cellules effectrices du système immunitaire.The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) promotes tumor progression and metastasis by poorly understood mechanisms. I used a novel breast progression model based on a syngeneic orthotopic tumor cell grafting approach and identified TNC as an important regulator of tumor growth. I document that TNC promotes the battle between tumor regression and growth, where combined expression of tumor cell- and host-derived TNC induces tumor cell rejection. Tumor cell-derived TNC may elicit regression by induction of an antigen presenting signature (APS) expressed by the host, which correlates with better breast cancer patient survival. Tumor-cell derived TNC also triggers CXCL12 expression, thereby causing trapping of CD8+ T cells in the surrounding TNC matrix tracks. TNC binds CXCL12, and combined TNC/CXCL12 attracts and immobilizes CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 causes tumor regression that is accompanied by massive infiltration of CD8+ T cells and cell death inside the tumor cell nests. Altogether,TNC-triggered CXCL12 signaling may dampen CD8+ T cell function where physical trapping of CD8+ T cells in the TNC matrix may have implications for immune cell therapies. Our results and new tumor model, offer novel opportunities for preclinical cancer research and cancer patient therapy, by triggering the “good” and blocking the “bad” actions of TNC. In particular, overcoming the immune suppressive action of TNC, through inhibition of CXCR4, could be a useful approach
La virothérapie oncolytique des glioblastomes
No full textSTRASBOURG ILLKIRCH-Pharmacie (672182101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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