1,721,093 research outputs found
Dal progetto alla gestione: un processo di benchmarking per l’efficienza energetica degli edifici - From design to management: a benchmarking process for the energy efficiency of buildings.
No full textLa qualità ambientale e l’efficienza energetica sono obiettivi strategici che possono far luce sulla ‘bontà’ di scelte progettuali e tecnologiche, sull’impatto della gestione di un edificio e del comportamento degli utenti, ma che anche incidere sullo sviluppo del settore edilizio.
Molte ricerche sul comportamento energetico degli edifici hanno prodotto innumerevoli costruzioni teoriche, perché basate su un ridotto numero di dati raccolti scientificamente. Alcuni paesi europei sono, invece, impegnati da anni in attività di monitoraggio e valutazione della loro produzione edilizia, attraverso una raccolta sistematica di dati sugli edifici in fase di esercizio.
Ricerche recenti dimostrano, infatti, che il gap tra consumi energetici attesi e in uso può essere ridotto se si considerano in modo integrato le prestazioni tecniche, il comportamento degli occupanti e i sistemi di gestione, specialmente negli edifici pubblici.
Nel contesto italiano, occorre tuttavia osservare che non sono diffuse procedure di Monitoraggio e Valutazione o di Valutazione post abitativa, tanto meno di benchmarking per poter comparare le reali prestazioni tecniche degli edifici.
Per poter andare oltre la valutazione delle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici, mettendo progettisti, proprietari, gestori e investitori in condizione di elaborare scelte informate, basate su prove di efficacia (Evidence Based Design), occorrono strumenti e protocolli per un migliore e rapido feedback. Nel Regno Unito, un consorzio di industrie e università ha realizzato la piattaforma ‘Carbon Buzz’ per mettere a confronto le prestazioni energetiche ‘progettate’ con quelle realmente raggiunte.
A seguito dell’esperienza britannica, ricercatori dell’Università Roma Tre e dell’UCL-University College of London e di Aedas R&D, appartenenti al gruppo che ha elaborato Carbon Buzz, ha sviluppato, a sua volta, una piattaforma italiana che, attraverso dati strutturati e confronti, aiuta a mettere in relazione scelte progettuali, tecnologiche e di gestione con le prestazioni energetiche e le emissioni di Co2.
A partire dallo stato dell’arte delle ricerche sulla valutazione delle prestazioni energetiche, questo articolo pone l’attenzione sullo sviluppo dei protocolli decisionali basati sull’Evidence-Based Design (EBD), presenta la piattaforma e la metodologia seguita per definirla in rapporto al quadro legislativo italiano e alle caratteristiche del modus costruendi italiano, ne illustra potenzialità, limiti e possibili sviluppi, attraverso l’applicazione su alcuni casi studi di edifici universitari.Today monitoring the actual energy consumption and performance of buildings is a main topic for defining their environmental quality, since it can also shed light on the effective ‘goodness’ of technological and design solutions tailored to this aim and on the impact management strategies and users’ behaviours have.
Recent researches demonstrate that the gap between designed and expected energy consumptions requires new approaches integrating technical performances, occupant behaviour and energy management systems, especially in public buildings. To this aim it seems that in Italy there are no suitable Monitoring&Evaluation and Post Occupancy Evaluation, or benchmarking procedure to compare performances.
To go beyond the headline assessment of energy performance of buildings and to provide evidence based design advice to various stakeholders (designers, owners, managers and investors) on how their buildings are performing, we need better and rapid feedback tools/protocols.
In the UK, a consortium of researchers from industry and academia has created an online evidence based design platform called Carbon Buzz. Following this experience, researchers from Roma Tre University have formed a group with UCL and Aedas R&D to create an innovative Italian platform and experiment its application to some buildings of Roma Tre University, with the aim to provide advice on how choices related to design, construction and management of a building could affect its carbon emission
Benchmarking the energy performance of the UK non-domestic stock: a schools case study
No full textLack of awareness of building performance is often highlighted as a key barrier to improving the operational energy efficiency of non-domestic buildings. In 2008, the Display Energy Certificate (DEC) scheme was implemented in the UK to raise awareness and encourage higher levels of energy efficiency in public sector buildings. The thesis reports a review of the energy benchmarks that underpin the DEC scheme, which reveals that they are no longer appropriate for providing useful or relevant feedback. The research therefore aims to improve understanding of the energy performance of non-domestic buildings, and to explore ways in which their operational energy efficiency can be benchmarked with greater robustness. The research comprises four phases of analysis within which data of varying granularity are analysed to acquire a holistic understanding of the patterns of energy use in English schools and the factors that influence their energy demand. First, the latest DEC records are analysed to assess the robustness of the scheme. Second, the patterns of energy use in primary and secondary schools are analysed in greater detail. Third, multiple regression analyses of energy use in relation to intrinsic building and occupant characteristics are carried out. Last, detailed information about the end-use energy consumption of a small number of modern secondary schools is analysed. The main findings reveal shortcomings of the DEC scheme. The results highlight two key issues associated with the classification system: inappropriate levels of aggregation and misclassification of buildings. Energy benchmarks are found to be inappropriate and out-of-date for the majority of benchmark categories. Correlations between intrinsic features and empirical data on the energy performance of schools were found. The research concludes that the DEC scheme lacks robustness, and that its robustness could be improved by refining the classification system based on empirical data, introducing a framework for keeping up-to-date with the latest trends in energy performance, and producing benchmarks that are relevant to the circumstances of individual buildings
The effect of Turbulence Models on Numerical Prediction of Air Flow within Street Canyons
No full textNovember 15-17, Belgrad
Condensation risk: comparison of steady-state and transient methods
Get PDFAccurate assessment of both surface and interstitial condensation risk is important not only to reduce the damaging effect of moisture within the structure of buildings, but also to provide a healthy environment free from mould growth. The current British Standard (BS EN ISO 13788: 2002) contains an assessment procedure based on the assumption of a steady-state heat flow through the building envelope, neglecting the transient nature of the problem. This paper compares and evaluates numerical results of the condensation risk calculation under both steady-state and transient conditions using the existing numerical codes. Significant differences are apparent between the predictions of the simple (steady-state) and complex (transient) methods for all construction details modelled
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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