196,855 research outputs found
Pharmacogenomic Diversity in Psychiatry: Challenges and Opportunities in Africa
No full textAbstract #W66Azmeraw T. Amare, Muktar Ahmed, Anwar Mulugeta, Niran Okewole, K Oliver Schubert, Scott Clark, Conrad Iyegb
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Muscarinic M1 and M4 receptor subtypes in normal and pathological conditions in the central nervous system : studies on human and animal tissues using subtype selective ligands
No full textSnake venoms from different mamba species contain toxins that bind to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). The toxins MT-1 (selective for M1 after iodination), M1 toxin-1 (also known as MT7, selective for MI) and M4 toxin-1 (also known as MT3, selective for M4 receptors) were isolated and used to study M1 and M4 receptor subtypes in normal and pathological conditions. The pharmacological profile of M1 toxin-1 was determined in functional assays using cloned human M1- M4 receptors expressed in CHO cells. It was clearly demonstrated that M1 toxin-1 acts as a selective noncompetitive antagonist of the muscarinic M1 receptors by binding stably to an allosteric site.Age-related loss of mAChRs in rat hippocampus and neocortex is still controversial. The effect of ageing on the level of M1 and M4 mAChR subtypes was investigated in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of young (21 days), adult (3 months) and old (25 months) rats. A significant increase in muscarinic M1 receptor binding in all areas of the hippocampus and a significant loss in M4 binding only in the CA1 region and entorhinal cortex have been observed in 25 months compared to 21-day-old rats. The increase of M1 receptors in (old aged) rats could be due to compensatory processes as a result of the changes in M4 receptors.The decrease in M4 receptors in the entorhinal cortex and in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of (old aged) rats could be one of the factors leading to impaired cognitive function. Administration of mAChR agonists or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces effective pain relief However, the mAChR subtype(s) involved in the spinal cord are not fully defined. The levels of M1 and M4 receptor subtypes in spinal cord of acute and chronic arthritic rats were investigated. No M1- toxin 1 binding was observed, indicating an absence of M1 receptors. However, the binding Of M4- toxin 1 was reduced between 87-90 % in the Rexed laminae I to X of the spinal cord both in acute and chronic pain as compared to controls. These findings suggest that the mAChR M4 subtype may have a role in cholinergic mechanisms of analgesia. Alzheimers disease (AD) related loss of mAChR subtype has been controversial. Muscarinic M1, M2 and M4 receptor subtype changes in the hippocampus of AD and control brains were evaluated. A significant decrease in M4 receptors was observed in the dentate gyrus and CA4 regions of brain sections from AD patients compared to controls. These findings suggest that, relative to other mAChR subtype, the M4 receptor could be the subtype that is selectively compromised in AD.Long-term adrenalectomy (ADX) has been reported to cause significant loss of cells in the dentate gyrus and CA1-CA4 fields of the hippocampus resulting in impairment of cognitive functions. The effect of ADX on muscarinic M1 and M4 receptors levels in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of 3, 14, 30, 90 and 150 days adrenalectomized male Wistar rats was studied. A significant loss Of M4 but not M1 receptors was observed in the different areas of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex which varied with time after ADX. The vulnerability is in the order entorhinal cortex > dentate gyrus, CA4 > CA3 > CA2, CAI. Our results show that M1 and M4 receptors are differentially affected after ADX and indicate that the M4 receptor subtype is influenced by adrenal hormones and suggest that the M4 receptor might be the subtype linked to memory functions in the hippocampus.In conclusion, the studies from the five papers (Papers I - V) constituting this thesis demonstrate that selective ligands like the muscarinic toxins are valuable tools to establish the roles of the different mAChR subtypes involved in normal and pathological conditions in the CNS. These findings suggest that, relative to the M1, the M4 receptor could be the subtype that is selectively compromised in Alzheimer's disease and in pain response. These findings might lead to new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of pain and Alzheimer's disease.List of scientific papersI. Olianas MC, Maullu C, Adem A, Mulugeta E, Karlsson E, Onali P (2000). Inhibition of acetylcholine muscarinic M(1) receptor function by the M(1)-selective ligand muscarinic toxin 7 (MT-7). Br J Pharmacol. 131(3): 447-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11015294II. Mulugeta E, Zhu SW, Winblad B, Karlsson E, Adem A (2003). Age-related changes in muscarinic M1 and M4 receptors in rat hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. [Manuscript]III. Mulugeta E, El-Bakri N, Karlsson E, Elhassan A, Adem A (2003). Loss of muscarinic M(4) receptors in spinal cord of arthritic rats: implications for a role of M(4) receptors in pain response. Brain Res. 982(2): 284-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12915263IV. Mulugeta E, Karlsson E, Islam A, Kalaria R, Mangat H, Winblad B, Adem A (2003). Loss of muscarinic M4 receptors in hippocampus of Alzheimer patients. Brain Res. 960(1-2): 259-62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12505680V. Mulugeta E, Chandranath I, Karlsson E, Winblad B, Adem A (2003). Temporal changes of muscarinic M4 receptors in the hippocampus of adrenal ectomized rats. [Submitted]</p
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
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