1,720,967 research outputs found
The economic development component of the Ethiopia-China relationships
No full textThis study examines the economic development component of the Ethiopia- China relationships. Since the late 1990s, strong economic ties have developed between these two countries, with trade partnership of more than US3.5 billion (until 2017) Chinese investment in Ethiopia, from a non-existent base two decades before that time. This relationship provides Ethiopia with an unprecedented opportunity to benefit from China’s most rapidly growing economy and technology in the world. Given that the African Union is based in Addis Ababa, the Ethiopia-China relationship also has major economic implications for Africa as well. At the same time, it presents Ethiopia with significant challenges, such as the challenges to adapt Chinese technologies to local circumstances and priorities; and to ensure, among others, that the development projects are sustainable and in essential harmony with the environment and socio-cultural variables. On Ethiopian side, untangling the complexities of the challenges to harness the best out of the relationship requires transformative and accountable leaders who are capable of selecting and channelling the opportunities from China.Keywords: Ethiopia, China, economic relations, job creation, technology transfer, investmen
The Need for Policy Framework for Urban/Peri-Urban Agriculture in Ethiopia: A Reflection
No full textFollowing the fall of the Derg Government in May 1991, Ethiopia has witnessed a wide range of reforms in its policies and strategies. However, no attempt has been made yet to introduce a policy for urban/peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in the country. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the need of policy framework for UPA in Ethiopia. It attempts to bridge the gap in the limited research in this area and bring to light the necessitty of policy for UPA so that it could play a crucial role in the much needed prospective fast economic growth in the country. The study particularly assesses the constructive impacts UPA can have on the livelihoods enhancement, environmental greening, waste recycling and job creation in urban areas. The paper is based principally on a desk review if the experiences and policy frameworks of other countries as well as a few primary and secondary data in the case of Ethiopia. Legislators, key experts and professionals, selected urban farmers and entrepreneurs, and urban planners were interviewed to supplement the data obtained through desk reviews. The synthesis of this study shows that it is imperative to formulate a policy framework and by-laws for UPA in Ethiopia so that the country can make the most out of the sector. Owing to its unique characteristics, UPA deserves distinctive proclamation, policy framework and by-laws. This is because UPA has persistent multidimensional pro-poor and environment- and health-oriented values in addition to its immediate importance in socio-economic development and revenue generation
The Economic Development Component of the Ethiopia-China Relationships
Get PDFThis study examines the economic development component of the Ethiopia- China relationships. Since the late 1990s, strong economic ties have developed between these two countries, with trade partnership of more than US3.5 billion (until 2017) Chinese investment in Ethiopia, from a non-existent base two decades before that time. This relationship provides Ethiopia with an unprecedented opportunity to benefit from China’smost rapidly growing economy and technology in the world. Given that the African Union is based in Addis Ababa, the Ethiopia-China relationship also has major economic implications for Africa as well. At the same time, it presents Ethiopia with significant challenges, such as the challenges to adapt Chinese technologies to local circumstances and priorities; and to ensure, among others, that the development projects are sustainable and in essential harmony with the environment and socio-cultural variables. On Ethiopian side, untangling the complexities of the challenges to harness the best out of the relationship requires transformative and accountable leaders who are capable of selecting and channelling the opportunities from China
Resettlement and Food Security Nexus in Ethiopia: A Case from Nonno Resettlement Sites, Central Ethiopia: Synopsis of a PhD Dissertation
No full textThe overriding purpose of the dissertation was to investigate whether or not the current government-sponsored resettlement program (alternatively termed access to improved land program) is a successful option to attain sustainable food security and improved livelihoods in rural Ethiopia. In order to achieve the fundamental intent of the study, the necessary data were drawn both from primary and secondary data sources. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were used to select sample households both from the host and the resettler communities in and around the resettlement sites. Household sample survey, key informant interview, focus group discussions, story telling and field observations were the principal means of generating first hand data. As issues related to resettlement and food insecurity are very intricate, different techniques, indices, scales and models were applied to adequately address the objectives of the study. Livelihood frameworks, IRR Model and different food security indices were adopted to holistically examine the overall well-being and food security status of the resettler households. The results of the analyses revealed that quite a large number of the resettler households were able to produce sufficient food for their family at least for the moment. However, the current traditional agricultural production systems seem to be environment-unfriendly and ruinous to the expected sustainable development in the area. Erratic rainfall, scarcity of moisture and soil degradation have been the main driving forces of impoverishment and food insecurity in the sending areas, and the subsequent massive and prolonged population displacement over the last couple of decades. The results and discussions of the study also show that resettlement-induced risks can be eased through comprehensive resettlement implementation strategy incorporating clear duties and responsibilities of the resettlers, the host, aid agencies, NGOs and government bodies. Environmental rehabilitation efforts in overworked areas and integrated watershed management practices can contribute a lot to enhance the livelihoods of the rural people within their ancestral areas. In cases when/where planned resettlement is inevitable, the following points should be taken into account to minimize possible risks: comprehensive planning, unhurried and deliberate implementation, well thought-out and genuine recruitment and site selection procedures, adequate understanding of the causes and consequences of environmental degradation as well as environmental protection practices, and efficient assistance to the resettlers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Urban sprawl and its implications on the livelihoods of Agricultural Communities in the vicinities of Dire Dawa city, eastern Ethiopia
No full textThe study aimed at analysing the impacts of urban expansion on the livelihoods of farming communities adjoining Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. Data were generated from key informants and heads of households that were dispossessed of their agricultural land and displaced due to urban expansion, 1985 to 2015. The findings revealed that built-up area of the city increased by 5.7-fold from 1985 to 2015, and much of that increase was induced by population growth and the associated proliferation of informal settlements. This resulted in reduction of size of per capital landholdings and livestock of agricultural households. The expansion led 92.8 per cent of the agricultural households to turn to non-farm activities, casual labour or joblessness. Drawing on the findings, the authors recommend the urgent need of regulating informal settlements and supporting affected residents to intensify and diversify agricultural pursuits.Keywords: Urban sprawl, livelihoods, displaced/dispossessed persons, informal settlement, Ethiopi
Illicit Cross-border Migration in Ethiopia: Causes, Patterns and Policy Responses
Get PDFThe overriding objective of this research was to assess the status, major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lessons to address the problem. To meet the intended objectives, desk review and key informant interview data gathering techniques were employed. The results of the assessment disclosed that Ethiopia is one of the largest origins (transit and destination as well) of trafficked persons from Africa. The most common drivers are found to be an amalgam of socioeconomic, political and environmental factors. It was also found that the journey is often dangerous leading to physical assault, sexual abuse, abduction, robbery and even death. In most destination areas, illegal migrants face restricted mobility, exploitative working conditions and harassment of different kinds. The ultimate mechanism to address the problem was found to be adequate job creation and poverty reduction through intensified development efforts involving governmental and non-governmental organizations and the private sector. Furthermore, enhanced democratization of the government system, political tolerance, improved access to legal travel authorization (visa) for safe migration, awareness creation campaigns, improved monitoring of private employment agencies, bilateral agreements with major destination countries and increased co-operation among stakeholders were found to be vital solutions to minimize illicit cross-border migration and human trafficking from Ethiopia.
Keywords: Human trafficking, illegal migration, cross-border migration, informal activity, policy response, Ethiopi
Illicit Cross-border Migration in Ethiopia: Causes, Patterns and Policy Responses
No full textThe overriding objective of this research was to assess the status, major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lessons to address the problem. To meet the intended objectives, desk review and key informant interview data gathering techniques were employed. The results of the assessment disclosed that Ethiopia is one of the largest origins (transit and destination as well) of trafficked persons from Africa. The most common drivers are found to be an amalgam of socioeconomic, political and environmental factors. It was also found that the journey is often dangerous leading to physical assault, sexual abuse, abduction, robbery and even death. In most destination areas, illegal migrants face restricted mobility, exploitative working conditions and harassment of different kinds. The ultimate mechanism to address the problem was found to be adequate job creation and poverty reduction through intensified development efforts involving governmental and non-governmental organizations and the private sector. Furthermore, enhanced democratization of the government system, political tolerance, improved access to legal travel authorization (visa) for safe migration, awareness creation campaigns, improved monitoring of private employment agencies, bilateral agreements with major destination countries and increased co-operation among stakeholders were found to be vital solutions to minimize illicit cross-border migration and human trafficking from Ethiopia. 
Implementation of Technical and Vocational Training Strategy in Agricultural Sector in Ethiopia: Practices, Challenges and the Way Forward
No full textEthiopia introduced a wide range of socioeconomic development strategies, programs and practices since 1991. One of these is Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education and Training (ATVET) strategy that aims at producing extension agents (usually referred to as development agents /DAs/) who are capable to contribute to sustainable agricultural development in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess the contribution of ATVET graduates in improving agricultural productivity and the farmers’ livelihoods. A blend of descriptive and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques were employed in this research. The study findings indicate that the role of ATVET in technology transfer, productivity enhancement, agricultural commercialization, rural economic growth and environmental protection is vital. However, its realization has been constrained by several adverse factors such as graduates’ lack of practical skills and the stamina to work in rural areas, farmers’ attitude towards rural development agents (DAs), weak industry-ATVET college linkage, and poor administrative support to DAs. The study concludes that there is a need for tailored ATVET curriculum development and strong college-industry linkages to realize the immense role of ATVET program in Ethiopia
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