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Surface Circulation and the Transport Loop Current into the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
No full textSummary describing the work completed at the University of South Florida for the northeastern Gulf of Mexico physical oceanography program section on eddy monitoring and remote sensing studying the surface circulation and transport of the loop current into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. It includes background information on the project funding and sponsorship, goals, methodology, and findings
A Compilation of Global Bio-optical in Situ Data for Ocean-colour Satellite Applications
Full text linkA compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015)
Reimagining the Potential of Earth Observations for Ecosystem Service Assessments
Full text linkThe benefits nature provides to people, called ecosystem services, are increasingly recognized and accounted for in assessments of infrastructure development, agricultural management, conservation prioritization, and sustainable sourcing. These assessments are often limited by data, however, a gap with tremendous potential to be filled through Earth observations (EO), which produce a variety of data across spatial and temporal extents and resolutions. Despite widespread recognition of this potential, in practice few ecosystem service studies use EO. Here, we identify challenges and opportunities to using EO in ecosystem service modeling and assessment. Some challenges are technical, related to data awareness, processing, and access. These challenges require systematic investment in model platforms and data management. Other challenges are more conceptual but still systemic; they are byproducts of the structure of existing ecosystem service models and addressing them requires scientific investment in solutions and tools applicable to a wide range of models and approaches. We also highlight new ways in which EO can be leveraged for ecosystem service assessments, identifying promising new areas of research. More widespread use of EO for ecosystem service assessment will only be achieved if all of these types of challenges are addressed. This will require non-traditional funding and partnering opportunities from private and public agencies to promote data exploration, sharing, and archiving. Investing in this integration will be reflected in better and more accurate ecosystem service assessments worldwide
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ocean upwelling – A persistent oceanographic phenomenon of La Guajira peninsula
No full textUpwelling in the ocean is a phenomenon that has long captured the attention of scientists and local communities around the world. Upwelling is the process by which deeper water, sometimes at depths much deeper than 100 meters, is forced upward toward the surface by action of winds or currents. The amount of energy to move water and salt from those depths to the surface, over linear distances that often exceed hundreds or thousands of kilometers and areas that span several tens to hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, is staggering. With those motions, entire ecosystems and millions of living and dead organisms are turned over in the oceanic water column as well.La surgencia en el océano es un fenómeno que desde hace tiempo ha captado la atención de científicos y comunidades locales de todo el mundo. La surgencia es el proceso mediante el cual el agua más profunda, cuya profundidad puede superar los 100 metros, es empujada hacia la superficie por la acción de vientos o de las corrientes. Es asombrosa la cantidad de energía necesaria para mover el agua y la sal desde esas profundidades hasta la superficie, a lo largo de distancias lineales que a menudo superan los cientos o miles de kilómetros y áreas que se extienden varias decenas a cientos de miles de kilómetros cuadrados. Con esos movimientos, ecosistemas enteros y millones de organismos vivos y muertos también se mezclan en la columna de agua oceánica
Spectroscopy for Global Observation of Coastal and Inland Aquatic Habitats
No full textThere is a pressing need to globally inventory and assess coastal and inland aquatic habitats; extremely valuable and productive regions that are vulnerable to global anthropogenic pressures and climatic change. Basic information about sessile communities (wetlands, coral reefs, and sea grasses) includes mapping their extent and distribution, which can be gleaned from spectral surface reflectance imagery at high spatial resolution, but moderate temporal resolution. Moderate to high temporal resolution is also required for detailed observations of sessile community change (e.g., phenology, disturbance) and high temporal resolution is required for environmental changes in the surrounding water, phytoplankton concentration and composition, and concentrations of sediment or chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Current and upcoming satellite missions and technology could meet spatial and spectral challenges. Multiple orbiting and airborne platforms, along with a network of in situ measurements, could provide a more complete picture of how these vital resources are changing. This paper provides an overview of these resources
Essential Ocean Variables for Global Sustained Observations of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Changes
Full text linkSustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific conservation and management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate or manage changes resulting from anthropogenic pressures. These observations, while complex and expensive, are required by the international scientific, governance and policy communities to provide baselines against which the effects of human pressures and climate change may be measured and reported, and resources allocated to implement solutions. To identify biological and ecological essential ocean variables (EOVs) for implementation within a global ocean observing system that is relevant for science, informs society, and technologically feasible, we used a driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model. We (1) examined relevant international agreements to identify societal drivers and pressures on marine resources and ecosystems, (2) evaluated the temporal and spatial scales of variables measured by 100+ observing programs, and (3) analysed the impact and scalability of these variables and how they contribute to address societal and scientific issues. EOVs were related to the status of ecosystem components (phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and diversity, and abundance and distribution of fish, marine turtles, birds and mammals), and to the extent and health of ecosystems (cover and composition of hard coral, seagrass, mangrove and macroalgal canopy). Benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution and microbe diversity and biomass were identified as emerging EOVs to be developed based on emerging requirements and new technologies. The temporal scale at which any shifts in biological systems will be detected will vary across the EOVs, the properties being monitored and the length of the existing time-series. Global implementation to deliver useful products will require collaboration of the scientific and policy sectors and a significant commitment to improve human and infrastructure capacity across the globe, including the development of new, more automated observing technologies, and encouraging the application of international standards and best practices
Map, Caribbean Sea and Surrounding Regions, Undated
No full textA map of the Caribbean Sea, highlighting key islands and coastal features of Venezuela and Colombia.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ogden2_notes/1027/thumbnail.jp
Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON).
No full textPresentation at 'Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices Workshop II, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Paris, France, 04-06 Dec 2018.'Publishe
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