1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pre-treatment loss to follow-up in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya - contributing factors and evidence-based interventions
Full text linkThesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2024.ENGLISH SUMMARY: Background: Tuberculosis incidence and mortality are not falling fast enough to meet global targets. Pre-treatment loss to follow-up (PTLFU), when people who are diagnosed with tuberculosis are lost to care before starting treatment, has been shown to contribute substantially to patient losses in the tuberculosis care cascade with subsequent high mortality rates and ongoing community transmission. A systematic review found a high proportion (up to 38%) of PTLFU in Africa. With Kenya having limited evidence on PTLFU, I aimed to describe the scope of, associated factors, and strategies to reduce PTLFU in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Methods: I achieved these objectives by conducting: (i) a qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) of patient and healthcare worker (HCW) perspectives on PTLFU; (ii) a retrospective review of laboratory and treatment registers of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to determine the proportion of people experiencing PTLFU and associated patient factors; (iii) key informant interviews to explore the experiences and perspectives of HCWs on PTLFU; and (iv) a scoping review of studies with quantitative data to map evidence on interventions to reduce PTLFU, identify gaps in existing knowledge, and develop a conceptual framework to guide intervention implementation.I categorized the interventions according to patient, HCW, and healthcare system levels.
Results: (i) QES identified five studies describing multiple factors contributing to PTLFU: insufficient knowledge about tuberculosis and its management; poor HCW attitudes toward people with tuberculosis; communication challenges between HCWs and patients; difficulty accessing care; and weakness in tuberculosis program management. (ii) the retrospective review of laboratory and treatment registers found that, of 476 people with pulmonary tuberculosis (verified by Xpert MTB/RIF and smear microscopy), 42.4%, (95% confidence interval 38.1 to 46.9) experienced PTLFU. Age 55 and older and providing only an address or telephone number were associated with PTLFU while sex, HIV status, history of tuberculosis treatment, and residence were not. (iii) 19 key informant interviews highlighted multiple challenges leading to PTLFU: misconceptions about tuberculosis, stigma, hesitancy of HCWs to work in the tuberculosis clinic, and unclear linkage between laboratory and clinician. (iv) I identified seven interventions that reduced PTLFU: treatment support groups; mobile notifications; community health workers; integrated HIV/TB services; Xpert MTB/RIF as the initial diagnostic test; computer-aided detection with chest radiography screening; and multi-component strategies incorporating health education, home visits, and counselling. Intervention barriers included stigma and inadequate human and financial resources; enablers included mobile phones and TB testing and results on the same day. Key implementation considerations were the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of the interventions, political commitment, resources, and infrastructure.
Conclusion: PTLFU affects a high proportion of people with tuberculosis in western Kenya. Multiple factors relating to patients, HCWs, and the healthcare system contribute to PTLFU. Interventions to reduce PTLFU involve providing people-centred care and strengthening healthcare systems by use of multi-component packages and community health workers. Improving systems for documenting patient information and timely delivery of test results are needed. Future research should be people-centred and consider perspectives of people with tuberculosis, as well as the social and economic factors affecting PTLFU.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Tuberkulosesyfers en -sterftes daal nie vinnig genoeg om internasionale teikens te haal nie. Voorbehandelingsverlies vir nasorg (PTLFU), d.w.s. wanneer mense wat met tuberkulose gediagnoseer word uit die stelsel verdwyn voordat hulle met behandeling begin, blyk aansienlik by te dra tot pasientverliese in die tuberkulosesorgkaskade, met gevolglike hoe sterftesyfers en voortgesette gemeenskapsoordrag. ’n Stelselmatige oorsig dui op ’n hoe persentasie (tot soveel as 38%) PTLFU in Afrika. Omdat daar nog weinig bewyse van PTLFU in Kenia ingesamel is, wou ons die omvang, verbandhoudende faktore en strategiee vir die vermindering van PTLFU onder volwassenes met pulmonere tuberkulose in Kenia beskryf.
Metodes: Ons het dít bereik deur middel van (i) ’n sintese van kwalitatiewe bewyse (QES) van pasient- en gesondheidsorgwerkers se sienings oor PTLFU; (ii) ’n terugskouende oorsig van laboratorium- en behandelingsregisters van mense met pulmonere tuberkulose om te bepaal hoeveel PTLFU en verbandhoudende pasientfaktore ondervind; (iii) onderhoude met sleutelrespondente om gesondheidsorgwerkers se ervarings en sienings van PTLFU te verken; en (iv) ’n verkennende oorsig van kwantitatiewe studies om bewyse van intervensies vir die vermindering van PTLFU te versamel, leemtes in bestaande kennis uit te wys, en ’n konseptuele raamwerk te ontwikkel om die implementering van intervensies te rig. Intervensies is in die drie kategoriee van pasiente, gesondheidsorgwerkers en die gesondheidsorgstelsel ingedeel.
Resultate: (i) QES bring vyf studies aan die lig wat verskeie bydraers tot PTLFU beskryf, waaronder onvoldoende kennis van tuberkulose en die bestuur daarvan, ’n swak ingesteldheid teenoor tuberkulosepasiente onder gesondheidsorgwerkers, kommunikasieprobleme tussen gesondheidsorgwerkers en pasiente, ontoeganklike sorg, en swak tuberkuloseprogrambestuur. (ii) Die terugskouende oorsig van laboratorium- en behandelingsregisters toon dat, uit 476 mense met pulmonere tuberkulose (volgens Xpert MTB/RIF en smeermikroskopie), 42,4% (95% vertrouensinterval 38,1 tot 46,9) PTLFU ervaar het. Faktore wat met PTLFU korreleer, is ’n ouderdom van 55 en hoer en die voorsiening van slegs ’n adres of telefoonnommer. Geslag, MIV-status, tuberkulosebehandelingsgeskiedenis en woonplek toon geen beduidende verband met PTLFU nie. (iii) Onderhoude met 19 sleutelrespondente lig etlike uitdagings uit wat tot PTLFU lei, soos wanopvattings oor tuberkulose, stigma, gesondheidsorgwerkers se huiwerigheid om in tuberkuloseklinieke te werk, en ’n onduidelike verband tussen die laboratorium en die klinikus. (iv) Ons het sewe PTLFU-verminderingsintervensies geidentifiseer, naamlik behandelingsteungroepe, selfoonkennisgewings, gemeenskapsgesondheidswerkers, geintegreerde MIV/TB-dienste, Xpert MTB/RIF as aanvanklike diagnostiese toets, rekenaargesteunde opsporing met borskasradiografie, en veelkomponentstrategiee wat gesondheidsopvoeding, tuisbesoeke en voorligting insluit. Intervensiehindernisse sluit in stigma en onvoldoende menslike en finansiele hulpbronne, terwyl selfone en die beskikbaarheid van TB-toetse en -resultate op dieselfde dag instaatstellers is. Belangrike implementeringsoorwegings is intervensiebeskikbaarheid, -toeganklikheid en -aanvaarbaarheid, politieke wil, hulpbronne, en infrastruktuur.
Gevolgtrekking: PTLFU raak heelwat mense met TB in Wes-Kenia. Verskeie pasient-, gesondheidsorgwerker- en gesondheidsorgstelselfaktore dra tot PTLFU by. Intervensies om PTLFU te verminder behels die voorsiening van mensgerigte sorg en die versterking van gesondheidsorgstelsels deur die gebruik van veelkomponentpakkette en gemeenskapsgesondheidswerkers. Stelselverbeteringe vir die akkurate optekening van pasient-inligting en die tydige voorsiening van toetsresultate word vereis. Toekomstige navorsing behoort mensgerig te wees en moet die sienings van persone met tuberkulose sowel as die maatskaplike en ekonomiese faktore wat PTLFU beinvloed, in ag neem.Doctorat
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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