1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
GENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SPENT COFFEE GROUNDS: PROCESS OPTIMIZATION, KINETICS AND CO2 CAPTURE
Get PDFCarbon dioxide capture technology is gaining popularity owing to the environmental concerns and deterioration of the climatic conditions related to atmospheric CO2 emission. Of the candidate, lignocellulose biomass samples have been considered a promising source for producing carbon-based adsorbents that can be utilized to capture recalcitrant CO2 from the post-combustion capture facility. Recently, the removal of CO2 using activated carbon (AC) has gained immense attention owing to its environmentally friendly characteristics and low cost for synthesis. Conversely, with the increasing population, the demand for coffee consumption is also accelerating. The generation of coffee residues owing to the increased consumption would increase and demand effective utilization and management. The research primarily focused on utilizing the waste generated from the coffee industries, namely spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee husk (CH), to evaluate their potential in synthesizing carbon-based adsorbents for CO2 removal under the post-combustion capture scenario and propose a cost-effective AC production strategy from lignocellulose-based biomass. This study focused on investigating the influence of different thermochemical conversion techniques on the physicochemical properties of biochar, followed by assessing the impact of activation parameters and the effect of deep eutectic solvent (DES) on the physicochemical characteristics of AC and the removal of CO2. Moreover, a techno-economic analysis was performed to assess the economic feasibility of biomass conversion technology used to synthesize AC. Overall, this study is divided into five research objectives with multiple sub-objectives.
The first phase of this research conducted a parametric study of the conventional torrefaction technique. In this regard, SCG and CH were used as the lignocellulose-based precursor. The impact of torrefaction parameter on the physicochemical transformation of biomass was examined by varying each parameter (torrefaction temperature and reaction time) independently. The influence of torrefaction conditions on the precursors' physicochemical changes and structural transformations were analyzed using diverse analytical techniques. This is followed by evaluating the candidacy of the corresponding torrefied biomass samples towards CO2 capture performance. The physicochemical transformation of torrefied biomass samples mainly synthesized in severe torrefaction conditions (300 ℃ and 1 h) demonstrated their candidacy for CO2 removal. The equilibrium CO2 adsorption capacities of SCG-300-1 and CH-300-1 were 0.38 and 0.23 mmol/g, respectively, at 25 ℃ of column temperature and in the presence of 30 vol% CO2 in N2. Comparatively, the torrefied biomass sample derived from SCG displayed superior CO2 capture performance under a similar capture scenario than CH derived torrefied biomass sample owing to the textural properties and surface chemistry developed during the torrefaction process.
The findings from phase one raised numerous research questions. For instance, is it necessary to study the thermal treatment of biomass at a temperature higher than 300 ℃ like undergoing slow pyrolysis to elevate the removal of tar from the carbon matrix and accelerate the volatilization reactions to generate biochar with enhanced textural characteristics and improved surface chemistry for superior CO2 capture performance? Furthermore, evaluating the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters before performing a high-temperature thermal treatment (slow-pyrolysis) is essential to obtain necessary information regarding the feedstock and the process parameters. Hence, phase two implemented the kinetic and thermodynamic study of the slow pyrolysis technique using SCG and CH. In this regard, the kinetic data of SCG and CH during slow pyrolysis were obtained to fit the thermogravimetric data taken using the TGA-DTG analyzer. The kinetic parameters were estimated using different iso-conversational methods followed by estimating thermodynamic parameters. In this regard, the conversion technique using SCG showed higher activity and would be efficient in terms of energy requirement as the requirement of activation energy for SCG was low (90.4-141.7 kJmol-1) compared to CH (96.0-162.1 kJmol-1). Also, SCG can be identified as a superior lignocellulose-based precursor for further valorization than CH in terms of physicochemical properties.
Appropriate utilization of biochar derived from slow pyrolysis of SCG could improve the overall economics of the post-combustion CO2 capture facility. In the third phase, the impact of slow pyrolysis process parameters was assessed on biochar yield and specific surface area (SBET). Secondly, this research aimed to elucidate the correlation of pyrolysis temperature as a critical parameter with textural properties, surface composition, aromatic structure, and CO2 mitigation efficiency of SCG-derived biochar samples. The results demonstrated that biochar yield reduced with the rising pyrolysis temperature, but biochar's textural characteristics, surface functionalities and aromatic structure were positively correlated with the increasing temperature conditions. Correspondingly, the impact of pyrolysis process parameters on biochar yield complemented the findings of the second phase of this study. In this study, SCG-600 showed the highest equilibrium CO2 uptake of 2.8 mmol/g in 30 vol% of CO2 (in N2) and 30 ℃ (column temperature). It was evident that the well-developed textural characteristics and porosity, availability of basic surface functional groups, and aromatic structure of SCG-600 influenced the CO2 removal performance owing to the enhanced acid-base interactions and the presence of Vander Waals force of attraction.
Treating the promising biochar sample derived from SCG at a higher temperature in the presence of a suitable activating agent becomes necessary to improve the physicochemical properties of the carbon-based adsorbent for improved CO2 capture performance. Therefore, the fourth phase's main objective was to optimize the two-stage CO2 activation process of SCG-600 using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. The impact of activation parameters (activation temperature, holding time, and CO2 gas flow rate) were investigated on surface area (SBET) and AC yield. In addition, the influence of thermal pre-treatment techniques (torrefaction and slow-pyrolysis) for the two-stage physical activation technique were evaluated and compared in terms of textural characteristics and CO2 adsorption performance. Further, the impact of tailoring the surface functionalities of the pristine AC sample was evaluated using deep eutectic solvent (DES) and compared with pristine AC (AC-CO2) through complementary analytical techniques. CO2 breakthrough experiments were performed under different ranges of temperatures and CO2 concentration in N2 to investigate the influence on adsorption performance and selectivity. The estimated highest equilibrium CO2 uptake for two sets of ACs (pristine and DES-treated) were 4.34 mmol/g and 5.5 mmol/g, respectively, at 25 ℃ and 15 vol % of CO2 in N2. The DES-treated AC displayed a superior adsorption capacity, selectivity, and regeneration ability due to a well-developed porous structure, morphology, and availability of a wide variety of desired functional groups that facilitated the CO2 capture process under a simulated post-combustion scenario.
A comparative techno-economic assessment and sensitivity analysis were performed using different AC production scenarios from SCG. The economic viability of the AC production technique using SCG as the potential precursor was assessed based on the discounted cash flow analysis (DCFA) technique. The minimum selling price (MSP) of AC samples derived from different scenarios evaluated were US 0.21/kg, and 0.45/kg). A positive net rate of return (NRR) for all the production scenarios indicates that AC production using dried SCG is profitable from an economic point of view. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the feedstock cost and utility cost influence the MSP of AC production
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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