1,720,962 research outputs found
Genetic engineering in tomato
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has evolved from Solanum pimpinellifolium during the crop evolution process (Ali et al., 2014). Its dual nature makes it the opposite of being a fruit or a vegetable. Tomato holds high nutritional importance harboring antioxidants that help in controlling cancer and cardiac disorders (Kang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022). Tomato germplasm resources (Germplasm Resources Information Network, AVRDC) in various parts of the world inhabit tomato seed stocks hosting huge genetic variation. Legitimate breeding technologies utilized by institutes, universities, and individual efforts have produced significant breeding lines and hybrids, i.e., the mountain series from North Carolina, with useful results. Other breeding programs adopted at various corporations, such as Heinz, Monsanto, Bejoseed, and BHN Seed, have attempted to improve both the physical and qualitative characteristics of tomato, along with biotic and abiotic resistance. The tomato genome sequencing project has generated a database of genomic sequences (Mueller, 2009; Ramanujan, 2007). Later, the complete genome of a tomato cultivar called “Heinz” was published in 2012 in Nature (
Sato et al., 2012
). Since other fruits like apples, bananas, melons, and strawberries express similar characteristics and genes, the published genome has been reported to help improve the food quality, security and costs of production in all such fruit types (
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May12/TomatoSeq.html
).
Genetic modification in tomatoes has increased its use at a high scale by improving the desired traits. Altering its various traits, its ripening period has been manipulated thus increasing its shelf life (Redenbaugh et al., 1992). Scientists have, for a long, been trying to improve tomatoes against pests and environmental stresses through agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques (Huang et al., 2023). The genetic manipulation in higher plants has an immense attraction on account of being the source of staple foodstuffs including essential dietary components, e.g., carotenoids. Genetic engineering of different metabolites has paved the way for deeper insights into developing transgenic varieties, containing a relatively higher level of lycopene b-carotene and xanthophylls (Kang et al., 2022; Rivero et al., 2022; Fraser and Bramley, 2004). However, the success of such engineered compounds has been lessened by the endogenous carotenoid pathways in higher plants (Fraser et al., 2009). Isoprenoid synthesis through constitutive overexpression of a bacterial phytoene desaturase has also been used to generate high b-carotene tomato varieties (Römer et al., 2000)
Exploring the Genetic Determinants of Grapevine Phenology and QTL Identification in Vitis vinifera through Interval Mapping
Get PDFLong-term studies on grapevine phenology have clearly demonstrated the anticipated phenological events due to gradual global warming, affecting the grape yield and wine quality. Adaptation of local grape varieties to changing climatic conditions is thus a major breeding target, which includes the selection of late ripening varieties/clones, whose bunches may escape the warmer summer condition by postponing the ripening period. However, assessment of the genetic basis of phenology and quality related traits is a prerequisite to develop effective breeding programs for grapevine varieties adapted for the cultivation in specific viticultural areas and to identify the candidate genes for the new breeding approaches. Grapevine phenological traits show complex quantitative inheritance. The potential genes with additive effects are mapped through QTL mapping approaches, to dissect the genomic regions harboring such QTLs to further explain the genetic basis of quantitative variation. For this purpose, we have evaluated a population from the cross between the locally (Verona province, Italy) grown grapevine variety “Corvina” and another variety viz. “Solaris”, highly divergent for their phenology and fruit ripening traits. Seedlings were developed, propagated and grown in field conditions to be evaluated for mapping of genetic traits. High throughput SNP genotyping of the cross population was applied through hybridization to an Illumina Vitis18KSNP chip. The phenotypic data, collected over three seasons included the determination of the main phenological stages (budbreak, flowering, veraison) together with the assessment of some morphological and quality traits at harvest on all progenies with the final purpose of QTL mapping. The results from QTL analysis revealed genetic determinants putatively involved in controlling grapevine phenology. Derived markers, in future, will not only help grapevine breeders to further understand the genetic control of phenology and quality related traits but also guide to regulate /incorporate desired traits in future selections
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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