18 research outputs found
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Minimizing the Impact of Changes to UML Class Diagrams on Existing Java Implementations
No full textModel Driven Development (MDD) is considered as a powerful emerging paradigm for developing system software and services. MDD relies heavily on the models to generate part of the code for implementation. It is virtually inevitable that changes at the model level result in breaking the compatibility with the existing code base. The study presented in this thesis is performed in an industrial setting. Our industrial partner is involved in MDD and has experienced compatibility problems described above. The aim of this thesis is to identify the changes that can be made to UML class diagram and investigate what kind of negative impact they pose on the compatibility with already existing Java implementations. Apart from identifying possible model changes and assessing their negative impact the thesis provides suggestions and guidelines of how to perform such modifications so that their negative impact will be minimized.+46 455-39507
An integrated experimental and theoretical approach to probe Cr (VI) uptake using decorated halloysite nanotubes for efficient water treatment
No full textHalloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were surface functionalized using four distinct chemical moieties (amidoxime, hydrazone, ethylenediamine (EDA), and diethylenetriamine (DETA)), producing modified HNTs (H1–H4) capable of binding with Cr(VI) ions. Advanced techniques like FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX provided evidence of the successful functionalization of these HNTs. Notably, the functionalization occurred on the surface of HNTs, rather than within the interlayer or lumen. These decorated HNTs were effective in capturing Cr(VI) ions at optimized sorption parameters, with adsorption rates ranging between 58–94%, as confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The mechanism of adsorption was further scrutinized through the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Langmuir isotherms revealed the nearest fit to the data suggesting the monolayer adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto the nanotubes, indicating a favorable adsorption process. It was hypothesized that Cr(VI) ions are primarily attracted to the amine groups on the modified nanotubes. Quantum chemical calculations further revealed that HNTs functionalized with hydrazone structures (H2) demonstrated a higher affinity (interaction energy −26.33 kcal mol−1) for the Cr(VI) ions. This can be explained by the formation of stronger hydrogen bonds with the NH moieties of the hydrazone moiety, than those established by the OH of oxime (H1) and longer amine chains (H3 and H4), respectively. Overall, the findings suggest that these decorated HNTs could serve as an effective and cost-efficient solution for treating water pollution.This article is published as Shah, Syed Nadeem Ahmad, Sonia Zulfiqar, Fernando Ruipérez, Muhammad Rafique, Mudassir Iqbal, Michael J. Forrester, Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar, and Eric W. Cochran. "An integrated experimental and theoretical approach to probe Cr (VI) uptake using decorated halloysite nanotubes for efficient water treatment." RSC advances 14, no. 5 (2024): 2947-2960. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA07675J. © 2024 The Author(s). This Open Access Article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0
تدوینیاتِ حافظ شیرانی
No full textOld discovered manuscript which has literary and historical
importance, when arranged according to will of Author is called editing.
There are some principles to edit a text according to the Author's will and
any editor who follows those rules can edit a text. "A Text is basically a
document written in a language known more or less to the inquirer and
assumed to have a meaning which has been or can be ascertained." Hafiz
Mahmood Sherani is a well-known for his theory of "Urdu in Punjab". He
established the tradition of Urdu Editing. During his stay in Europe, He
edited Henry Stub book "An account of rise and progress Mehometanism
with the life of Mohomet and a vindication of Him and His religion from
the coloumnies of Christians". He also edited "Majmooa Nagaz and
Khaliq Bari." This article titled as "Tadweenyat-e-Hafiz Sherani" sheds
light on some dimensions of Hafiz Sherani's editing and research
Optimizing the phosphorus use in cotton by using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model for semi-arid climate of Vehari-Punjab, Pakistan
No full textRahman, Muhammad Habib ur/0000-0002-2823-9959; Jabran, Khawar/0000-0001-8512-3330; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman/0000-0001-7824-4695; Amin, Asad/0000-0003-2242-8377; Ata-Ul-Karim, Syed Tahir/0000-0001-5233-4502; Jatoi, Ghulam Hussain/0000-0002-7266-1567; Rehmani, M.I.A./0000-0001-7922-1233; Bajwa, Ali/0000-0002-7171-3118; Nadeem, Muhammad/0000-0002-7426-1196; Ata-Ul-Karim, Syed Tahir/0000-0001-5233-4502; Ameen, Asif/0000-0002-3982-7000; Islam, Faisal/0000-0002-1471-1570WOS: 000397013000067PubMed: 28054268Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in fertilizer use efficiencies has become a prime goal in global agriculture system. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients, and strategies are required to optimize its use in important arable crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has great significance. Sustainable P use in crop production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-P fertilization. Crop growth modeling has emerged as an effective tool to assess and predict the optimal nutrient requirements for different crops. In present study, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO- Cotton-P was evaluated to estimate the observed and simulated P use in two cotton cultivars grown at three P application rates under the semi-arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that both the cultivars performed best at medium rate of P application (57 kg ha(-1)) in terms of days to anthesis, days to maturity, seed cotton yield, total dry matter production, and harvest index during 2013 and 2014. Cultivar FH-142 performed better than MNH-886 in terms of different yield components. There was a good agreement between observed and simulated days to anthesis (0 to 1 day), days to maturity (0 to 2 days), seed cotton yield, total dry matter, and harvest index with an error of -4.4 to 15%, 12-7.5%, and 13-9.5% in MNH-886 and for FH-142, 4-16%, 19-11%, and 16-8.3% for growing years 2013 and 2014, respectively. CROPGRO-Cotton-P would be a useful tool to forecast cotton yield under different levels of P in cotton production system of the semi-arid climate of Southern Punjab.Government of Australia [4915_2015]; Higher Education Commission (HEC) of PakistanHigher Education Commission of PakistanThe first author is grateful to the International Global Change Institute (IGCI) Hamilton, New Zealand, for providing the software (SimCLIM2013) and the required climatic dataset for future projections with for southern Punjab, Pakistan. The first author is thankful to Prof. Dr. Gerrit Hoogenboom (Ex-Director, AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, USA; Currently: University of Florida-USA), for his technical guidance and support during the entire period of study and modeling work. Furthermore, first author is highly thankful from NASA for weather data of respective years (which was obtained from website http://power.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cgiwrap). The corresponding author (Wajid NASIM) is highly thankful to Government of Australia, for Endeavor Research Award/Fellowship (No. 4915_2015) to The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Sustainable Agriculture, National Research Flagship, Toowoomba-QLD 4350, Australia. Furthermore, co-authors (Wajid NASIM and Shakeel AHMAD) are highly thankful for Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for partial funding
Realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Need for an Indigenous Approach
No full textIn September 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted a new global development agenda entitled, “Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” The new targets set under the agenda are assumed to guide the member countries in their decisions about development issues over next 15 years. Pakistan's performance in the past, in terms of achieving Millennium Development Goals or MDG's has not been very encouraging. Thus, the situation demands for devising a robust strategy, which would involve and actively engage different social groups of Pakistani society towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs. To this, one important aspect relates to prevailing socio-political trends in Pakistani society, where Islamic beliefs and inclinations have always been an alive reality. Here, in this situation, the question arises whether these Islamic trends can help in developing a successful strategy for achieving the SDGs. This study is with reference to Pakistan only, however, its application may equally be valid for other Muslim societies considering local circumstances. This paper is an extension of the two presentations that the author made on similar subjects in a UNOSD workshop held in Abu Dhabi from Oct. 27 to 29, 2015 and in Oslo University in a seminar on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Pakistan and Islam on January, 12, 2016. The author is particularly thankful to Syed Nadeem Farhat and Tauqeer Ahmad for their input during the course of writing this paper
Effect of turbulence modeling on hydrodynamics of a turbulent contact absorber
No full textA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study is conducted to find a suitable two equation turbulence model for accurate prediction of hydrodynamics of an inhouse turbulence contact absorber (TCA) at high gas and liquid velocities. Based on the multi-fluid Eulerian approach, hydrodynamics of TCA is simulated by incorporating three turbulence models i.e. standard k-epsilon model, RNG k-epsilon model and SST k-omega model in ANSYS Fluent (R). The solid phase stresses were closed by using the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF). TCA hydrodynamics parameters; expanded bed height and bed pressure drop were used to compare the results of this study with experimental data and also with earlier numerical study published with laminar viscous model. It was found that the RNG k-epsilon model predicted the bed height and pressure drop better than its counterparts. To accurately find the effects of secondary phase turbulence, two RNG k-epsilon model options i-e. per phase and dispersed were also evaluated. The results show that the per phase option of RNG k-epsilon model produced the expanded bed height and pressure drop in close agreement with available experimental data at similar operating conditions.Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)Second author acknowledges the fellowship she received from Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) to complete her MS in Process Engineering. The authors are grateful to Dr. Muhammad Zaman and Dr. Muhammad Nadeem for helpful technical discussions
Disparities in aortic stenosis and heart failure related mortality trends by sex, race, and geography in United States: A two-decade perspective
No full textObjective: This study aimed to evaluate two decades of U.S. mortality patterns in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and heart failure (HF), focusing on disparities by sex, race, and geography. Design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Using the CDC WONDER database, we examined national mortality data from 1999 to 2023. Participants: Individuals aged ≥45 years with AS and HF were included. Main outcome measure: Trends in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) across age, sex, race, geography, and urbanization using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: A total of 236,504 deaths were recorded. Overall AAMR increased until 2011 (APC: 0.78, AAMR 9.42), then stabilized through 2023 (APC: 0.07, AAMR 9.45). Mortality rates were consistently higher among males, older adults >65 years, non-Hispanic Whites, rural populations, and the Midwest region. AAMR in older adults was approximately 80 times higher than in middle-aged groups. Conclusions: Although national mortality rates for AS and HF have stabilized in recent years, they are still on the rise and significant disparities persist across demographic and geographic groups. These findings highlight the need for equitable healthcare access and targeted interventions to reduce preventable cardiovascular deaths
Grain yield, chlorophyll and protein contents of elite wheat genotypes under drought stress
No full textBackground: Drought stress at different growth stages significantly alters growth, yield, and quality traits of wheat. However, great variability exists among genotypes regarding their response to drought stress. Therefore, determining the impacts of drought stress on yield and quality traits would help to select the superior genotypes.Methods: This study investigated the effects of drought stress on wheat grain yield, chlorophyll, and protein contents. Fourteen (14) recently developed elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were used in this study for evaluation under irrigated (full irrigation) and drought conditions (half of normal irrigation). The data relating to growth, yield and protein contents were recorded.Results: Significant differences (P <= 0.01) were noted among genotypes for all recorded traits. Drought stress significantly reduced the days to 50 % heading, days to 50 % maturity, grain filling, plant height (cm), number of spikes per m2, chlorophyll index (SPAD), peduncle length (cm), number of grains spike1, thousand grain weight (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1). However, protein contents were increased under drought stress. Correlation analysis showed significant positive association of grain yield with thousand grain weight, number of spikes per m2, spike length, chlorophyll index, grain filling period and number of grains spike-1 under both irrigated and drought stress conditions. The protein contents expressed positive and negative relationship with yield under drought stress and irrigated conditions, respectively. Bioplot analysis revealed that genotype 'V-19618' and 'V-19600' proved superior under drought conditions regarding grain yield and related traits, while genotype 'V-19574' proved better under both irrigated and drought conditions.Conclusions: These identified genotypes, i.e., 'V-19618' and 'V-19600' can be utilized in future wheat breeding programs to induce desirable characters for producing drought tolerant wheat genotypes. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia [TURSP-2020/64]Authors would like to thank Taif University Researchers Sup- porting Project number (TURSP-2020/64) , Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
Cultivatable bacterial community at a fresh water nullah contaminated with household sewage and industrial waste is more diverse and populated compared to non-polluted water
No full textThe effect of environmental pollutants on living organisms can be assessed by studying the changes in the indigenous microbial community. Therefore, in the present study, cultivatable bacterial community in non-polluted as well as household sewage and industrially polluted water of Lai Nullah flowing through Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan was analysed. Bacterial community composition and population present in the polluted water was significantly different from the non-polluted water (PThe presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
