1,720,955 research outputs found
Effects of Contextual Cues on False Memory: A Comparative Experimental Approach
Get PDFResearch on false memory formation using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm has been extensively conducted in Western contexts. Yet, a significant gap remains in experimental investigations within South Asian populations, particularly in Pakistan. Existing studies, such as those on the Visual Mandela Effect, have explored collective false memories; however, they lack controlled experimental manipulation of contextual variables. To address this gap, the study examined the impact of contextual cues, both visual and auditory, and the effect of no contextual cues, on false memory formation. Sixty participants (aged 18–40) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Visual and Auditory Cues, Visual Cues only, and Word List only. Each group was presented with three semantically themed DRM word lists across three recall blocks. A between-subjects one-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the recall of critical lures across groups, with the highest false memory incidence observed in the combined cue condition, [F (2,57) = 14.505, p < .001, η² = .337]. Post hoc analyses further confirmed that exposure to multimodal cues significantly increased susceptibility to false memories compared to the control condition. However, a repeated-measures of ANOVA indicated no significant change in critical lure recall across the three blocks within groups. Additionally, the control group demonstrated higher accurate recall and lower intrusion rates. These findings underscore the role of sensory contextual cues in modulating memory distortion and contribute novel cross-cultural evidence to the literature on memory and cognition. The study holds implications for legal, clinical, and educational settings where memory accuracy is critical.
References
Ahmed, W., Imtiaz, K., Muzammil, M., & Khan, S. M. (2025). Leadership Outcomes through the Lens of Workplace Spirituality and Character Development. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(4), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i4.176
Akdoğan, M., Akırmak, Ü., & Gürsoy, İ. (2021). Summary an examination of the false memory rates of Turkish words with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm.
Alakbarova, D., Hicks, J. L., & Ball, B. H. (2021). The influence of semantic context on false memories. Memory & Cognition, 49(8), 1555–1567. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01182-1
Anglada-Tort, M., Baker, T., & Müllensiefen, D. (2018). False memories in music listening: Exploring the misinformation effect and individual difference factors in auditory memory. Memory, 27(5), 612–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1545858
Arndt, J. (2010). The role of memory activation in creating false memories of encoding context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017394
Atilgan, H., Town, S. M., Wood, K. C., Jones, G. P., Maddox, R. K., Lee, A. K. C., & Bizley, J. K. (2018). Integration of visual information in auditory cortex promotes auditory scene analysis through multisensory binding. Neuron, 97(3), 640–655.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.034
Baddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (Eds.). (2005). The science of false memory. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154054.001.0001
Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., & Ceci, S. J. (2008). Developmental reversals in false memory: A review of data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 134(3), 343–382. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.343
Brockmole, J. R., Castelhano, M. S., & Henderson, J. M. (2006). Contextual cueing in naturalistic scenes: Global and local contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(4), 699–706. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.699
Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. (2005). Computational models of working memory: Putting long-term memory into context. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(11), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.09.011
Cabeza, R., Rao, S. M., Wagner, A. D., Mayer, A. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related functional MRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(8), 4805–4810. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.081082698
Campbell, J. M., Edwards, M. S., Horswill, M. S., & Helman, S. (2007). Effects of contextual cues in recall and recognition memory: The misinformation effect reconsidered. British Journal of Psychology, 98(3), 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712606x160768
Chen, J. C., Li, W., Westerberg, C. E., & Tzeng, O. J. (2008). Test-item sequence affects false memory formation: An event-related potential study. Neuroscience Letters, 431(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.020
Chun, M. M., & Jiang, Y. (1998a). Contextual cueing: Implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention. Cognitive Psychology, 36(1), 28–71. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1998.0681
Chun, M. M., & Jiang, Y. (1998b). Contextual cueing: Implicit learning and memory of visual context guides spatial attention. Cognitive Psychology, 36(1), 28–71. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1998.0681
Craik, F. I. M., & Schloerscheidt, A. M. (2011). Age-related differences in recognition memory: Effects of materials and context change. Psychology and Aging, 26(3), 671–677. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022203
Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046671
Faizan, M., Yousaf, A., & Khan, S. M. (2025). Psychological Contract Breach and Its Consequences on Employee Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment: Insights from Human Resource Management and Workplace Psychology. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.164
Gallo, D. A. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38(7), 833–848. https://doi.org/10.3758/mc.38.7.833
Gallo, D. A., McDermott, K. B., Percer, J. M., & Roediger, H. L. (2001). Modality effects in false recall and false recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(2), 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.2.339
Gisquet-Verrier, P., & Riccio, D. C. (2018). Memory integration: An alternative to the consolidation/reconsolidation hypothesis. Progress in Neurobiology, 171, 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.002
Hina, B., Agha, N., & Rashdi, S. M. F. (2025). Gendered Barriers: How Patriarchal Norms Shape Married Women’s Employment in Sukkur City. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.169
Hockley, W. E., Bancroft, T. D., & Bryant, E. (2012). Associative and familiarity-based effects of environmental context on memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 66(2), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027136
Howe, M. L. (2011). The adaptive nature of memory and its illusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(5), 312–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411416571
Jiang, Y. V., & Sisk, C. A. (2019). Contextual cueing. Neuromethods, 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/7657_2019_19
Kansteiner, W. (2002). Finding meaning in memory: A methodological critique of collective memory studies. History and Theory, 41(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/0018-2656.00198
Kellogg, R. T. (2001). Presentation modality and mode of recall in verbal false memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(4), 913–919. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.4.913
Kurkela, K. A., & Dennis, N. A. (2016). Event-related fMRI studies of false memory: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia, 81, 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.006
Lindsay, D. S., Hagen, L., Read, J. D., Wade, K. A., & Garry, M. (2004). True photographs and false memories. Psychological Science, 15(3), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503002.x
Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory. Learning & Memory, 12(4), 361–366. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.94705
Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, J. E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25(12), 720–725. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-07
Lopes, E. J., & Garcia, R. B. (2014). On the possibility of using reaction time to study false memories. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7(3), 393–397. https://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2014.047
Loprinzi, P. D. (2023). Effects of pictorial and imagery encoding on false memories.
Malmberg, K. J., Raaijmakers, J. G. W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (2019). 50 years of research sparked by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). Memory & Cognition, 47(4), 561–574. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-019-00896-7
Marian, V., Hayakawa, S., & Schroeder, S. R. (2021). Cross-modal interaction between auditory and visual input impacts memory retrieval. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, Article 661477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.661477
McDermott, K. B. (1996). The persistence of false memories in list recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 35(2), 212–230. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.0012
Meyerhoff, H. S., Jaggy, O., Papenmeier, F., & Huff, M. (2022). Long-term memory representations for audio-visual scenes. Memory & Cognition, 51. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01355-6
Neuschatz, J. S., Wetmore, S. A., & Gronlund, S. D. (2015). Memory gaps and memory errors. In Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 1–13). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0215
Olszewska, J. M., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., Munier, E., & Bendler, S. A. (2015). Misremembering what you see or hear: Dissociable effects of modality on short- and long-term false recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(5), 1316–1325. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000115
Paas, F., & Sweller, J. (2012). An evolutionary upgrade of cognitive load theory: Using the human motor system and collaboration to support the learning of complex cognitive tasks. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9179-2
Paivio, A. (1990). Dual coding theory. In Mental representations (pp. 53–83). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195066661.003.0004
Pardilla-Delgado, E., & Payne, J. D. (2017). The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task: A simple cognitive paradigm to investigate false memories in the laboratory. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (119). https://doi.org/10.3791/54793
Pearse, S. L., Powell, M. B., & Thomson, D. M. (2003). The effect of contextual cues on children’s ability to remember an occurrence of a repeated event. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 8(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1348/135532503762871228
Pearson, H., & Wilbiks, J. (2021). Effects of audiovisual memory cues on working memory recall. Vision, 5(1), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision5010014
Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1998). Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory: New frontiers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 71(2), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1998.2472
Riaz, S., Lateef, A., Zeeshan, D. M., & Latif, D. A. (2025). A Study of Factors Affecting Parental Choice about Public and Private Institutions for their Children at Secondary School Level in District Bahawalpur. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i3.181
Richardson, J. (2003). Dual coding versus relational processing in memory for concrete and abstract words. The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 15(4), 481–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440244000256
Riesthuis, P., Otgaar, H., & Wang, J. (2019). Differences between bilinguals and monolinguals in false memory production? A look into the DRM paradigm using contextual details. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 2(2), 88. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v2i2.50
Roediger, H. L., & DeSoto, K. A. (2015). Memory and cognition: From laboratory to everyday life. In T. J. Perfect & D. S. Lindsay (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied memory (pp. 3–22). SAGE.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Tricks of memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00075
Schacter, D. L., & Loftus, E. F. (2013). Memory and law: What can cognitive neuroscience contribute? Nature Neuroscience, 16(2), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3294
Sharkawy, J. E., Groth, K., Vetter, C., Beraldi, A., & Fast, K. (2008). False memories of emotional and neutral words. Behavioural Neurology, 19(1–2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/587239
Slotnick, S. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2004). A sensory signature that distinguishes true from false memories. Nature Neuroscience, 7(6), 664–672. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1252
Smith, R. E., & Engle, R. W. (2011). Study modality and false recall. Experimental Psychology, 58(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000076
Smith, S. M., & Vela, E. (2001). Environmental context-dependent memory: A review and meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(2), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196157
Straube, B. (2012). An overview of the neuro-cognitive processes involved in the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of true and false memories. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 8(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-8-35
Tat, M. J., & Azuma, T. (2016). The effect of cognitive load on hemispheric asymmetries in true and false memory. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain, and Cognition, 21(1), 50–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2015.1073297
Tehan, G., Humphreys, M. S., Tolan, G. A., & Pitcher, C. (2004a). The role of context in producing item interactions and false memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(1), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.107
Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352–373. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0020071
Unsworth, N. (2019). Individual differences in long-term memory. Psychological Bulletin, 145(1), 79–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul000017
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
