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Tracing the Earliest Settlements on Seram Island, as a Theoretical Framework for the Chronology of Human Occupation in the Maluku Archipelago
Full text linkPulau Seram merupakan pulau terbesar dalam kawasan Kepulauan Maluku bagian Selatan. Studi geologi juga secara umum menyimpulkan bahwa Seram merupakan salah satu pulau yang paling tua ditinjau dari usia geologi di Kepulauan Maluku. Tradisi lisan masyarakat asli Maluku mengenal Pulau Seram dengan sebutan ‘Nusa Ina’ atau ‘Pulau Ibu,’ serta diyakini sebagai lokasi legenda ‘Nunusaku’ atau asal-usul orang Maluku saat ini. Sejumlah riwayat penelitian yang pernah dilakukan oleh para ahli merekam berbagai data arkeologi yang tersebar di Pulau Seram sebagai bukti bekas hunian dan permukiman. Data arkeologi yang ditemukan di Pulau Seram cukup beragam yang berasal dari masa paleolitik, neolitik, hingga masa sejarah, menjadikan Pulau Seram sebagai lokasi yang memiliki data riwayat periodisasi hunian paling lengkap dan panjang. Informasi tradisi lisan juga laporan masyarakat relatif menjadi rujukan dalam penelusuran data arkeologi di lokasi yang terindikasi sebagai hunian dan permukiman kuno. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan jejak-jejak hunian dan permukiman paling awal di Pulau Seram serta Kepulauan Maluku bagian Selatan secara umum. Penelusuran data arkeologis dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif terhadap seluruh data arkeologis dan informasi tradisi lisan yang dikumpulkan dengan merujuk pada kajian referensi yang relevan. Penelitian ini membahas sejumlah riwayat penelusuran hunian dan permukiman pada masa prakolonial yang pernah diinisiasi selama ini, serta upaya penelusuran data arkeologis terbaru berdasarkan informasi tradisi lisan dan laporan masyarakat. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk merangkum dan menelaah kembali sejumlah referensi termutakhir mengenai teori penghunian paling awal Kepulauan Maluku yang sejauh ini masih menjadi diskusi yang menarik, mengingat minimnya referensi data arkeologi serta uji kronologi absolut di wilayah ini. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rekonstruksi teori penghunian dan permukiman paling awal di Pulau Seram pada khususnya dan Kepulauan Maluku secara umum.
Seram Island is the largest island in the Southern part of the Maluku Archipelago. Geological studies also generally conclude that Seram is one of the oldest islands in Maluku. The oral tradition of the indigenous people of Maluku knows Seram Island as 'Nusa Ina' or 'Mother Island.' Seram Island is the location of the legend of 'Nunusaku' or the origins of the Maluku People. Several historical studies by experts record various archaeological data scattered on Seram Island as evidence of early human dwellings and settlements. Archaeological data on Seram Island is quite varied from the Paleolithic Neolithic to historical periods. The data shows Seram Island as the most comprehensive location of periodization of human occupation. Information on oral traditions and community reports are relatively being a reference in tracing archaeological data in some areas indicated as ancient dwellings and settlements. This study describes the traces of the earliest dwellings and settlements on Seram Island and the Southern Maluku Islands in general. The archaeological data was collected through field observations. The analysis of this study used a qualitative descriptive method on all archaeological data and information on oral traditions collected by referring to relevant reference studies. This research discusses several references of early dwellings and settlements in the pre-colonial period that have been initiated so far and the latest archaeological data based on information on oral traditions and community reports. This study also aims to summarize and review a number of the most recent references to the theory of the earliest settlement of the Maluku Archipelago, which so far is still an interesting discussion, considering the lack of archaeological data references and absolute chronology tests in this region. This research delivers a reconstruction of the theory of the earliest dwellings and settlements on Seram Island and the Maluku Archipelago in general
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
SEBARAN BANGUNAN PILLBOX SEBAGAI STRATEGI PERTAHANAN JEPANG DI TELUK AMBON
Full text linkOne characteristic of the Japanese defense system is the existence of pillboxes. During the Japanese occupation of Ambon Island, the construction of the pillboxes was carried out in massive numbers as a defense strategy to anticipate attacks by the Allies who wanted to retake Ambon Island territory. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of Pillboxes and analyze the distribution of Pillboxes as part of the Japanese defense strategy in defending Ambon Bay. The data collection method uses the field observation method along the coast of the Ambon Bay which is the entrance of the sea traffic and airlines. This location is the center of settlements and government so that almost all strategic infrastructure is in this region — spatial data obtained from each pillbox object coupled with the Architectural Documentation Center (PDA) inventory data in 2007, then associated with related literature data, processed using Geographic Information System applications to produce the descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of pillboxes location is generally divider into coastal and hilly locations and there are concentrations in strategic areas. The general conclusion of this study is the pillboxes placement strategy is an effective strategy both in attack and defense. Salah satu ciri khas dari sistem pertahanan Jepang yaitu keberadaan pillbox. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang di Pulau Ambon, pembangunan pillbox dilakukan dalam jumlah masif sebagai strategi pertahanan untuk mengantisipasi serangan Sekutu yang ingin merebut kembali wilayah Pulau Ambon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola sebaran Pillbox dan menganalisis sebaran Pillbox sebagai bagian dari bentuk strategi pertahanan Jepang dalam mempertahankan Teluk Ambon. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi lapangan di sepanjang pesisir Teluk Ambon yang merupakan pintu masuk jalur laut dan udara. Lokasi ini merupakan pusat permukiman dan pemerintahan, sehingga hampir seluruh infrastruktur strategis berada di wilayah ini. Data spasial yang diperoleh dari setiap objek pillbox ditambah dengan data inventaris Pusat Dokumentasi Arsitektur (PDA) tahun 2007, lalu dikaitkan dengan data literatur terkait, diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk menghasilkan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran lokasi pillbox secara umum terbagi atas lokasi pantai dan perbukitan serta terdapat konsentrasi pillbox di lokasi strategis. Kesimpulan umum dari penelitian ini adalah strategi penempatan pillbox merupakan strategi yang efektif baik dalam menyerang maupun bertahan
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Kompleks Situs Ki Buyut Trusmi Cirebon: Tinjauan Bangunan Kuna
Full text linkKi Buyut Trusmi Complex Site is one of one hundred and twelve Kabuyutan Sites in Cirebon. The number of Kabuyutan Site in Cirebon is a phenomenon which makes the Kabuyutan Site become a feature of the development of Islam in this region. This Site is one of the largest and most important Kabuyutan in Cirebon because the large size of the complex sites, the history of its construction, along with pilgrims and an important tradition that is still preserved until now. This site has a number of relics of material objects in the form of objects and buildings that stand on the site of complex spatial patterns. This paper reviews all forms of attributes that provide evidence of the antiquity of the buildings standing on it. The research in this paper uses observation, description, and interpretation methods which is supported by bibliographical studies. The results of this paper reveals that almost all the buildings change with the addition in the structural parts of the buildings as a result of renovation, in addition to this, there are new buildings constructed to complement the facilities which support the pilgrims. This paper presents the results of antiquity identification of all existing buildings in the complex Site spatial scope which becomes a trusted reference of the characteristics of Islamic archaeological remains in Cirebon area.Kompleks Situs Ki Buyut Trusmi adalah salah satu dari 112 Situs Kabuyutan yang ada di Kabupaten Cirebon. Banyaknya Situs Kabuyutan di wilayah Cirebon merupakan sebuah fenomena yang membuat Situs Kabuyutan menjadi ciri dari perkembangan Islam di wilayah ini. Situs ini merupakan salah satu Situs Kabuyutan yang terbesar dan terpenting di Kabupaten Cirebon mengingat besarnya fisik kompleks situs, sejarah pembangunannya, serta para peziarah dan tradisi penting yang masih dipertahankan hingga saat ini. Situs ini memiliki sejumlah peninggalan objek material berupa benda dan bangunan yang berdiri di dalam pola keruangan kompleks situs. Tulisan ini meninjau segala bentuk atribut yang memberikan bukti-bukti kekunaan dari bangunan-bangunan yang berdiri di dalamnya. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode observasi lapangan, deskripsi, dan penafsiran yang didukung oleh data referensi pustaka. Hasil dari tulisan ini mengungkapkan hampir seluruh bangunan berubah dengan penambahan pada bagian-bagian struktur bangunan sebagai akibat dari renovasi, selain itu terdapat pula bangunan-bangunan baru yang dibangun untuk melengkapi fasilitas-fasilitas yang mendukung peziarah yang datang. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil identifikasi kekunaan dari seluruh bangunan yang ada di dalam lingkup keruangan kompleks Situs yang secara umum menjadi referensi dari ciri tinggalan arkeologi Islam di wilayah Cirebon.</jats:p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
JEJAK KEDATANGAN UTUSAN MAJAPAHIT DI PULAU AMBON
Full text linkKakawin Nāgarakŗtāgama describes Majapahit's territory during its victorious day almost covering the current area of the Nusantara, including the Ambon Island in the region of the Maluku Islands. However, there are only small trace of physical evidence and literary data that can prove the existence of Majapahit influence in Ambon Island, or in other words, there is no absolute proof that can be accepted by academician. The people of Ambon Island who are illiterate have an oral tradition of telling the history. Ema village in Ambon Island has an oral tradition that tells the arrival of Majapahit. This study used oral tradition analysis method also by field observation to find related artefactual data and supported by relevant literature review. Based on the results of oral tradition studies, it is known that the arrival of the delegates of Majapahit Kingdom in Ema Village is a real historical event occurred and supported by evidence of artefactual data found in the field. The results of this study became the first primary reference of historical events that occurred in the Ambon island after so long that the published literature earlier did not contain clear evidence of the interaction or the coming of the Majapahit Kingdom in Ambon Island. The result of this study is also sufficient to prove that Ambon Island is not the territory of Majapahit Kingdom
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