1,720,957 research outputs found
Their City, Our Terms: The Livelihood and Political Strategies of African Migrant Labourers in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal c. 1874-1906
Get PDFABSTRACT
Muiruri, Kimathi. “Their City, Our Terms: The Livelihood and Political Strategies of African Migrant Labourers in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal c. 1874-1906.” Hon. Thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2021.
The second half of the nineteenth century was an age of confusion for a great many of the Africans who lived in the Southeastern area of the African continent then called the Colony of Natal. In addition to enacting brutal and violent occupation, British settlers also intentionally impoverished African communities so as to render their agricultural and pastoral practices insufficient for survival. These factors caused many Africans to enter into the largest city of the colony, Durban, to find work as wage labourers. This thesis explores how African migrant labourers in Durban navigated the urban space, colonial-capitalist political economy, and indigenous African political economy to develop new livelihood strategies that allowed them to survive and prosper. In particular, this thesis is interested in understanding how dynamics of job seeking, urban housing, and urban labour action affected the self-conceptions and group identities of young migrant labouring men, and how these altered categories of identity fostered challenges toward the settler colonial state and generation-based patriarchal African power structures. I argue that migrant labourers reformed indigenous African ontologies, renegotiated ideas of maturation and masculinity, and developed labour-based political organizing strategies to confront the specific urban challenges of heightened intercourse with the colonial state and dislocation from old African lifeways. In doing so, migrant labourers in Durban both expressed new senses of individual agency and developed durable social identities with other labourers from disparate rural origins. Over time, these labourers constructed a political and social infrastructure which substantially shifted the power in African politics toward the young and the landless; and leveraged this power to pose a genuine challenge to colonial-capitalist domination by acting on their new senses of individual power and collective potential. By focusing on the site of the city, I highlight how urban challenges combined with rural-informed life practices to forge new capabilities for social organizing and expanded political imaginations which could not have found root anywhere else in the colony.Bachelor of Art
“The Color of African Unity”: The Pan-Africanist Rhetoric and Praxis of Thomas Sankara in the Burkina Faso Revolution, 1983–87
Get PDFIn 1983, Captain Thomas Sankara was hoisted to the position of chairman of Upper Volta’s
Conseil National de la Révolution on the back of a military coup, and at once became the
president of the small West African state. He assumed office by pronouncing bold promises that
his regime would be different than those of the nation’s past, including a commitment to a
transformational development scheme that would make the country economically self-sufficient.
Sankara, as a self-described African revolutionary, contended with not only the behemoth selfimposed
task of national development, but also with another challenge: the expectation that he
live up to the legacies of Africa’s past post-colonial revolutionaries—many of whom were out of
power by the time of his ascension. During his short reign, from 1983 to 1987, he would not only
re-name the nation to Burkina Faso and launch massive programs to ameliorate the
underdevelopment that plagued rural areas, but also made concerted efforts to build upon the
ideals of Pan-Africanism on a continent where political agency was uneven and uncertain. This
article analyzes how, from the mantle of a poor, aid-dependent country, Sankara approached the
project of discursively and materially advancing Pan-Africanism. This article concludes that
Sankara’s rhetoric, endogenous development, and international policy promoted a specific brand
of Pan-Africanism that privileged solidarity with working-class Africans at the expense of intergovernmental
harmony. Simultaneously, the material reality of Burkina Faso’s capacity limited
his substantive efforts to those that affected continental Pan-African influence, rather than
international connections with the diaspora
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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