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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Hell with the future, let's get on with the past" : rivalry and revitalization in the Lakehead's central business districts, 1947-1980 / by John A. MacPhail.
Get PDF“Would you tell me please, which way I ought to go from here?” asked Alice.
“That depends a great deal on where you want to get to,” said the cat.
Lewis Carroll’s, Alice in Wonderland, 1865.
Victoriaville Centre was constructed under the auspices of Ontario’s Downtown
Revitalization Program (1976).^ Located in the former central business district (CBD) of
Fort William, Ontario, the centre spanned a major artery of the core area, enclosing in
climate-controlled comfort a previously bustling shopping area and street. Fort William’s
CBD, prior to amalgamation with Port Arthur in 1970; and after, experienced a
remarkable diffusion of its residential, commercial, and institutional components to the
periphery of the urban area, and later, the intercity area. The latter area is a tract of
land that separated the two-Lakehead communities of Fort William and Port Arthur. Its
significance in post-amalgamation Thunder Bay would be great.
Planning policy after the establishment of Thunder Bay was contentious. Urban
renewal in the new Port Arthur ward finished in 1974, while revitalization of the Fort
William ward would not break ground until 1978. Both projects were controversial at the
time and presented problems that linger still. The forced amalgamation of the Lakehead
communities no doubt contributed to the debate over CBD renewal in Thunder Bay’s
two core areas. Both renewal projects, however, were different in their orientation, and
as such, elicited similar and dissimilar arguments for and against their implementation
Alexander Morris and the Saulteaux : the context and making of treaty three, 1869-73
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this thesis is to explore and analyze the circumstances
surrounding the Treaty Three agreement between the Canadian government and the
Anishinabe in 1873. The agreement is important for a number of reasons. The Anishinabe
won significant concessions from Canada that, not only led to the renegotiation of Treaties
One and Two, but set the standard for the rest of the numbered treaties across Western
Canada as well. It is helpful to remember that while most of the other numbered treaties
were signed in a matter of weeks, Treaty Three was over four years in the making. The
Anishinabe realized the value of their land and insisted on key demands from the Dominion
government. They remained committed to their basic position from 1869 when they first
issued a copy of their demands to the Canadian government until 1873 when they finally
signed Treaty Three. These demands went far beyond what Indian agents were commissioned
by the Canadian cabinet to agree to. The Anishinabe realized this and held up the talks until
they could negotiate with a representative of the Queen, who they believed had the authority
to deal with their demands. In 1873, they received such an individual in Alexander Morris,
the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. The Anishinabe could
not have realized at the time that Morris’ instructions were as narrow as the other
representatives who had earlier attempted to negotiate a treaty with them.
It is not surprising that Morris has received much of the credit for negotiating Treaty
Three which had eluded the Canadian government since the Riel Resistance. However, a
careful examination of the available evidence suggests that the agreement was made possible
by the work of Simon Dawson and his associates Richard Pither and Nicholas Chatelain on
one hand and James McKay and other Metis leaders of the Red River community who accompanied Morris to Lake of the Woods in 1873. This paper argues that it was a
combination of these two factors, the rank that Morris enjoyed in the eyes of the Anishinabe
and the role played Dawson, McKay and the rest of the Canadian negotiating team that led to
the successful agreement in 1873.
In the 1870’s, Canadian officials referred to the Anishinabe as the Saulteaux. There is
no evidence available that suggests that they ever called themselves by this term.
Nevertheless, all of the primary and many of the secondary sources use the word Saulteaux,
so, for sake of consistency and in order to avoid confusion, I have decided to use it
throughout this paper
Impact of the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway on the cities of Port Arthur and Fort William, 1959-1969
Get PDFBy its very nature, the St. Lawrence Seaway project,
completed in 1959, can be seen as the last of the great
Canadian mega-projects. An international venture, involving
the expense of millions of dollars and employment of thousands
of Canadians and Americans, it effectively changed the course
of the St Lawrence river: sections of the river were deepened,
others by-passed, while still others flooded, all the name of
making this river, connecting the great Lakes with the ocean,
navigable to ocean-going vessels. For the Canadian
government, the primary motivation in the Seaway's improvement
was the country's continued economic growth
Treaty 3 : the failure of the Canadian government to protect native treaty rights 1905-20 / by Alison F. Dacey.
Get PDFThemes on Finnish settlement in the Thunder Bay area
Get PDFThis migration has contributed to the Finnish population being found in many countries,
including Canada. It is this Finnish-Canadian population that is of interest here. Growing up in
the Thunder Bay area, within the Finn culture, created an atmosphere of questions that needed
to be researched and answered. Why did the family end up in Thunder Bay? Why did Finn
families before them end up here? Why did Finns come to Canada? These questions burned in
the back of the mind for years before finally emerging onto paper, in deciding to research the
Finns in the Thunder Bay region, two methodologies were implemented. The first method
utilized was the laborious task of researching through the vast materials offered in the archives
and libraries. Once the background information was organized, the way was set for dealing with
the questionnaires and interviews. By contemplating the questions that needed to be answered,
the questionnaires and interviews offered the researcher an opportunity to see the information
gathered almost on a first-hand basis
Frontierism and metropolitanism in relation to development on the north shore of Lake Superior
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to explore some of the various influences within the
metropolis-hinterland construct that were evident in the development of the area around
Thunder Bay and along the north shore of Lake Superior during the period from
Confederation up to about 1890. Economic, political and other metropolitan relationships
in the communities along the north shore of Lake Superior were developed and controlled
by various external urban centres from their early beginnings right up to the turn of the
twentieth century. In this thesis I will review some of the metropolis-hinterland influences
that were evident in the area.
Metropolitan influences can be found throughout much of the development of the
North American continent, particularly the portion that would later be called Canada. All
of the early voyages of discovery, like the first fishing ventures on the Grand Banks and
other places, amply demonstrate the efforts of various European capitals, or metropolises,
to exert their control over the newfound hinterlands. The fur trading companies and other
commercial ventures, usually acting under Royal Charters, would later exert the same
metropolitan control over the broad expanses of the interior of the continent that were
accessible by the extensive waterways. In both of these cases, the resident population of the
hinterland would have no say in any developments that took place in the region. This aspect
of metropolitanism is one that can be found at all stages of the political and economic
development of the country and it figures prominently in the development of the areas along
the north shore of Lake Superior and the area around Thunder Bay.
It is my thesis that the resident population of the area around Thunder Bay and along the north shore of Lake Superior, whether aboriginal peoples or settlers in the area, had no
say in the developments that took place in the region because all of the key decisions were
made by people in far away places who controlled the various metropolitan interests that
were active in the region.
In the first chapter of this thesis I will review the staples and other theories, as well
as the metropolis-hinterland construct as originally stated by J.M.S. Careless, Gras and
others. I will also review some of the early economic and political activities that
demonstrate the metropolis-hinterland relationships that arose as a result of activities in the
study area. As examples of these relationships, I will look at the fur trade, the early
transportation activities of the fur trade companies, and the Indian treaties of 1850. In the
second chapter I will review Confederation and the purchase of Rupert’s Land. I will also
discuss the development of some of the first metropolitan influences in the area, namely the
economic relationships that were established as a result of mining activities, government
surveys and construction of the Dawson Road.
In last chapter of the thesis I will review certain economic and political initiatives
during the period from Confederation up to about 1890. I will also review some of the
economic activities that occurred like the development of mines, settlement, the fisheries,
and the timber and grain industries. I will review the development of transportation through
huge, government-sponsored projects like the Dawson Road and the Canadian Pacific
Railway, and the disputes over jurisdiction in the area purchased that arose between the
federal government and the governments of the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba
Soldiers of the shield : the 96th "District of Algoma" Battalion of Rifles, 1886-1896, a social and military institution
No full text"The Least Possible Fuss and Publicity": The Politics of Immigration in Postwar Canada, 1945-1963.
Get PDFThis thesis examines immigration policy in postwar Canada. Its focus is on the changes to immigration policy implemented between 1945 and 1963 by the governments of Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent, and John Diefenbaker, and on the events, ideas, and influences that drove those changes. The story is told through extensive primary-source research from the archival records of the federal Immigration Branch, the departments of Citizenship and Immigration, Labour, Agriculture, External Affairs, and the Privy Council Office. The Parliamentary record (Hansard) is also carefully examined, together with contemporary media reporting on immigration issues, the correspondence of politicians and policy-makers, and the statutes and regulations that established immigration laws during the period. Among the topics discussed are: the development of a legislative, regulatory, and administrative framework for immigration policy; the impact of international events on policy decisions; the resistance to immigration reform from within immigration bureaucracy; and the impact of racism and racial ‘preferences’ on policy. Throughout the period, the political considerations presented by these issues remained uppermost in the minds of those responsible for Canada’s immigration policy
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