1,720,960 research outputs found
Effect of Media and Temperature on Growth and Preliminary Detection of Ligninolytic and Cellulolysic Activity of Trametes spp.
Get PDFEffects of media and temperatures on growths of Trametes cervina (Schwein.) Bres., T. ljubarski Pilat, T. orientalis (Yasuda) Imazeki and T. velutina (Pers.) G. Cunn were studied. There was significant different of effect of media on growth of all the Trametes isolates. All of the four Trametes isolates were able to grow on Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Yeast Malt Agar (YMA) and Corn Meal Agar (CMA), however, no growth of T. cervina was seen on Czapek Dox Agar (CDA). Colony growth rates varied depending on the media and isolate of the fungi. T. orientalis showed the fastest growth while T. cervina showed the slowest growth on all the tested media. Although, T. ljubarski, T. orientalis and T. velutina can grow on CDA, the formation of mycelia was sparsely. There were significant differences of effect of temperature on growth of the Trametes isolates. T. orientalis and T. velutina, both, can grow at temperature up to 40oC, T. ljubarski can growth at temperature up to 35oC while T. cervina at temperature up to 30oC only. The optimum growth temperature for, both, T. orientalis and T. velutina was at 30oC, while for isolate T. ljubarski at 35oC and T. cervina at 25oC. All of the four Trametes isolates showed excellent cellulosic activity, indicated by the formation of clearing zone in the test media. The diameters of the degraded area formed by all of the Trametes isolates were more than 8 cm. T. orientalis and T. ljubarski degraded lignin better than T. cervina or T. velutin
Effects of Inoculum Concentrations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Disease Development and Severity on Leaves of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)
Get PDFColletotrichum gloeosporioides is among the main causal agent of anthracnose of the rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis). This disease is considered as one of the major foliar diseases that causes declining yields of rubberproduction in Asia. In order to understand the effect of environmental variables on anthracnose, the effect ofinoculum concentrations on the disease development and severity was studied. Spore concentration of 106spores/ml produced the most prominent disease development. Disease was most severe when the leaves werekept in continuous moisture condition for four weeks. Fungal response study showed that the fungus needed 120hours after inoculation (hai) to penetrate and colonize leaf cells. Knowledge of this factor on diseasedevelopment can help improve management tactics based on the control of environmental factors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization of secondary metabolites from hexane and chloroform crude of four Trametes spp. isolated from Sarawak using analysis of GS-MS
Get PDFThe secondary metabolite from hexane and chloroform crude extract of fruiting body and culture mycelia of Trametes cervina, T. ljubarski, T. velutina and T. orientalis were investigated and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty peaks of compounds from a series of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives were detected on the GC-MS chromatogram of each isolates and about 30 compounds were identified based on the library database. In the hexane crude, 17 compounds were identified for T. cervina, 14 compounds for T. ljubarski, 13 compounds for T. velutina and 21 compounds for T. orientalis, while in the chloroform crude extract 12 compounds were identified for T. cervina, 17 compounds for T. ljubarski, 15 compounds from T. velutina and 12 compounds for T. orientalis. The most common compound detected in the extract of the Trametes spp. were cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, 1-Butenyl methyl ketone, 1-Ethyl-4-methylcyclohexane, 2-Hexyl-1-octanol, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid, 2-Chlorocyclohexanol, n-Nonadecanol, tetratetracontane, hexatriacontane. tetrapentacontane and hexatriacontane respectively based on the library database. Tetrapentacontane (TCC1) and hexatriacontane (TCC2) which represented 48.01% and 19.61% of the total area was the major compound in chloroform extract of T. cervina, whereas tetracontane (TLC1) which represented 34.48% of the total area and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (TVC1) represented 13.13% of the total area was the major compound in chloroform extract of T. ljubarski and T. velutina respectively. Among the identified compounds, hexatriacontane which identified from T. cervina, T. ljubarski, and T. velutina and hexadecanoic acid from T. orientalis, were previously reported to have antimicrobial activity. Thus the metabolite profiling of the Trametes spp. not only potential to be used for their identification but also allowed the exploration of potential biological active compound from the species
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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