123 research outputs found
Modeling of graphene wrapped indium antimonide nanowire as thermo-optical waveguide
Get PDFIn this research work, the fiber modes supported by the graphene-wrapped indium antimonide nanowire have been examined theoretically. The indium antimonide (InSb) is a semiconductor material, which has temperature-sensitive optoelectronic properties. To model the nanowire of InSb, Drude's model has been used for better results. The Kubo's formalism based on the random phase approximation is used for the modeling of graphene. The impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) are used to compute the characteristic equations. The real and imaginary part of permittivity of InSb as function of THz frequency under different values of temperature has been computed. It is reported that the InSb shows the temperature dependent metal-insulator phase transition i.e., for temperature T ≤ 200 K it behaves as insulator and for T > 200 K it acts as metal. The numerical results for dispersion relation, propagation band, propagation losses, cut off frequency range, effective mode index and field profiles have been presented for insulator as well as metallic phase of InSb. Moreover, the impact of chemical potential, radius, and temperature on fiber mode characteristics has been analyzed. The computed numerical results can be applied for designing tunable temperature assisted nano waveguides, thermo-optical sensing probes, thermal imaging and near-field communication devices in THz frequency range
Characteristics of polaritonic interactions at chiral loaded temperature-sensitive material (TSM) interfaces
Get PDFPolaritonic interactions are pivotal in advancing sensing technologies, optical devices, and waveguides. This study presents a theoretical investigation into polaritonic interactions at the interface of chiral-loaded temperature-sensitive materials (TSMs). Indium antimonide (InSb), known for its temperature-dependent phase-transition optical properties, is utilized as the TSM. The electromagnetic (EM) behavior of InSb is described using the extended Drude model, while the isotropic chiral medium is characterized through coupled constitutive relations. By applying tangential boundary conditions for EM field continuity at the chiral-InSb interface, the dispersion relation governing hybrid polaritons is derived. Numerical computations performed in Wolfram Mathematica, utilizing the contour plot technique, reveal the dispersion characteristics, effective mode index, and field distributions under varying temperatures. The findings demonstrate the existence of two distinct polaritonic regimes: (i) hybrid polariton-phonon coupling at temperatures below 200 K, and (ii) hybrid polariton-plasmon coupling at temperatures exceeding 260 K. Additionally, the effects of chirality and temperature on the dispersion curves, effective mode indices, and field profiles are systematically analyzed. Results reveal that polaritonic surface modes can be dynamically tuned by manipulating external temperature and material chirality. These insights hold significant promise for the development of temperature-responsive terahertz-infrared sensors, enantiomeric detectors, thermo-optical surface waveguides, and near-field imaging systems
Nutrient requirements and feeding management for ostrich during breeding and production: A comprehensive review
No full textOstrich farming has emerged as a significant contributor to the livestock industry, driven by the high value of its meat, hides, feathers, and oil in international markets. With an average egg production of 40 eggs per season and yielding 58.59% carcass on live weight, ostriches offer substantial economic benefits. The nutritional needs of ostriches evolve across different life stages, impacting growth and reproductive performance. As herbivores capable of digesting high-fiber diets, ostriches thrive on roughage and pasture, with a digestive system similar to other poultry. Essential nutrients, including 20-24% crude protein (CP) and 12-19% crude fiber, are critical for optimal development, particularly in early growth, where their feed conversion ratio is 2:1. As ostriches reach sexual maturity, maintaining a diet rich in amino acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates becomes vital for optimizing fertility and reproductive performance. This review provides a detailed overview of ostrich nutrient requirements across different growth stages, focusing on how energy and protein levels affect overall growth and productivity. It also explores the importance of feeding management practices in enhancing ostrich health and performance, offering insights for improving commercial ostrich farming
Thermally tunable phonon–plasmon polariton modes at hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and indium antimonide (InSb) interfaces
Get PDFThis work examines the propagation of thermally tunable phonon-plasmon modes at the interfaces of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and isotropic indium antimonide (InSb). Both theoretical modeling and numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the effect of temperature on surface wave behavior. hBN is realized as a polar material via the Lorentzian model, while InSb is modeled as a temperature-sensitive material (TSM) in the framework of Drude’s model. The possible plasmon-phonon polaritonic interactions are studied for the TSM-elliptic type interface and TSM-hyperbolic type interface. It is reported that by varying the temperature, the surface modes can be tuned for the lower and upper Reststrahlen (RS) bands of hBN. The dispersion curve, effective mode index, propagation length, and phase speed are computed for each case under different temperatures. It is concluded that the hBN-InSb-based phonon-plasmon polariton modes are actively tuned by changing the external temperature in the lower and upper RS bands. Surface waves propagating across the interface can be modulated from the terahertz (THz) region to the infrared (IR) region by changing the temperature of InSb. This study will help researchers to design innovative thermo-optical sensors, plasmonic platforms, detectors, and surface waveguides in the THz and IR regions
Multifunctional structural lithium ion batteries for electrical energy storage applications
No full textModular multilevel converter for MVDC
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALECon crescente consapevolezza e preoccupazione per l'inquinamento ambientale e il riscaldamento globale, il l'attuale tendenza a soddisfare la domanda di energia è di spostare la fonte energetica primaria da combustibili fossili a energia elettrica convertita da fonti energetiche rinnovabili. Affinché queste grandi quantità di energia elettrica siano integrate nella rete elettrica, è auspicabile un collegamento forte con basse perdite di potenza. A causa delle limitazioni nella distribuzione dell'alimentazione CA, una scelta preferibile per soddisfare questa esigenza è un sistema di distribuzione MVDC, che si sta evolvendo e superando vari ostacoli tecnici.
Questa tesi tenta di presentare una revisione della letteratura di varie tecniche di modellazione di MMC come
così come i modelli di simulazione sono riassunti. Sono state anche tecniche di modulazione basate su FPGA
rivisto per fornire un'idea sulla selezione ottimale della tecnica di modulazione. Le applicazioni
della tecnica MMC in sistemi di media / alta tensione / potenza, velocità variabile di media tensione
drive, convertitori cc / cc di media / alta tensione e trasformatori a stato solido sono discussi in dettaglio.With rising awareness and concern about environmental pollution and global warming, the
current trend to meet energy demand is to shift the primary energy source from fossil fuels to
electrical energy converted from renewable energy sources. In order for this large amounts of electric power to be integrated into the power grid, a strong link with low power losses is desirable. Due to limitations in AC power distribution, a preferable choice to fulfill this need is an MVDC distribution system, which is evolving and overcoming various technical obstacles.
This thesis attempts to present a literature review of various modelling techniques of MMC as
well as simulation models are summarized. FPGA based modulation techniques have also been
reviewed to provide an idea on the optimal selection of modulation technique. The applications
of MMC technique in medium to high voltage/power systems, medium voltage variable speed
drives, medium/high voltage dc-dc converters and solid-state transformers are discussed in detail
عہدِ جاہلیت، دورِ نبوی ﷺ اور عصرِ حاضر میں شاعری: ایک تقابلی مطالعہ: A Comparative Study of Arabic poetry Through the ages: pre-Islamic, Prophetic and Modern Eras
No full textPoetry has been a profound medium of human expression throughout history, reflecting emotions, thoughts, and cultural narratives. This study explores Arabic poetry across three key eras: pre-Islamic, Prophetic, and modern. It examines the pre-Islamic poets who shaped Arab literary heritage and highlights the contributions of poets recognized and praised by the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). While many companions of the Prophet were renowned for their poetic talents, this discussion focuses on selected figures within the Prophetic era. The study also addresses the evolution of Arabic poetry in the modern era, identifying influential contemporary poets and their role in shaping global literary trends. Furthermore, it investigates the Quran’s perspective on poetry, exploring the types of poetry it endorses and discourages, along with the specific guidance it offers poets. Through this comparative analysis, the article underscores the enduring relevance of Arabic poetry as a cultural and spiritual expression, bridging traditions across centuries and offering insights into the Arab world’s rich literary legacy
Renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, real GDP and CO2 emissions nexus: a structural VAR approach in Pakistan
Get PDFAny rise in real GDP crafts higher energy demand in Pakistan. This short-term rising energy requirement is fulfilled with the help of nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, but nonrenewable energy consumption adds more in it. The rise in nonrenewable energy consumption lifts real GDP up in short-run. Forecast error variance decomposition illustrates nonrenewable energy consumption alone passes 87% variation in the CO2 emissions. This verifies fossil fuels are accountable for environmental degradation in Pakistan. The CO2 emissions worsen economic activity, real GDP falls but renewable energy consumption augments. This elevation in renewable energy consumption is the proof of stabilization efforts that are being initiated by official authorities as CO2 emissions reach to alarming level. The rise in renewable energy consumption boosts economic activity, and real GDP breeds. Most of times, an increase in renewable energy consumption is an effort to substitute it with nonrenewable energy consumption, resulting in lower level of CO2 emissions.Energy Consumption, Real GDP, CO2 Emissions
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity amongthe Pakistani Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Lines through Random Molecular Markers
No full textABSTRACT The presence of geneticdiversity is of great importance in improving wheat traits and developing strategies for optimal conservation of germplasm. Genetic diversity was assessed among common wheat cultivars using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers at the Center of Agriculture, Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. RAPD primers were used among 14 Pakistani wheat cultivars, to screen the progenies and for the identification of the genes of interest. The polymorphic information content (PIC), was measured as the percentage of polymorphic fragments for all primers. A total of 583 bands(84% polymorphic) in all 14 wheat cultivars was amplified and discriminated all the wheat genotypes. The number of fragments amplified per primer ranged from 35 to 69 with an average of 48.52 fragments per primer averagely was observed. Population structure analysis anddandrogram showed distinct clustering among different wheat genotypes. Millat-11, Punjab-11, PBW-222 generated the maximum level of polymorphism, standing alone in the cluster while others are scatteredin different group.As a result, genetically numerous progenies are known, increasing the quality of sorts collections by broadening the genetic base of wheat cultivars. This study additionally indicates that RAPD markers allow quicker response and provide high throughputprocedure of accessions from a variety assortment to assess genetic diversity among wheat genotypes
Intraperitoneal Pre-Insufflation of 0.125% Bupivaciane with Tramadol for Postoperative Pain Relief Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Get PDFObjective: To compare the efficacy of intraperitoneal pre-insufflation of combined 0.125% bupivacaine and tramadol with bupivacaine alone in controlling postoperative pain among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Place and Duration: The study was conducted at department of surgery, Holy Family, hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2016 to December 2017. Methodology: Patients of either gender with ASA-1 and ASA-2 undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each, by random number table method. The patients received the study drugs at the initiation of insufflation of CO2 in the intraperitoneal space by the operating surgeon under laparoscopic camera guidance over the gallbladder bed, tramadol 2 mg/kg in 30 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine was instilled in the gall bladder fossa under direct laparoscopic control in (study group) group A patients while group B patients received bupivacaine 30 ml of 0.125% solution only. Simultaneously, each group was assessed for intensity of pain at rest through VAS at 1, 4, 12 and 24 hrs after surgery. Results: The mean age of group A (intervention group) was 43.25 ± 8.56 years and of group B (control group) was 44.89 ± 7.65 years. There were 24 (48%) male patients in group A and 29 (58%) in group B. In intervention group 34 (68%) patients and in control group 38 (76%) patients presented with ASA-I. The intervention group (Group A) had significantly (p-value < 0.05) lower mean values at 1 hour (3.89 ± 1.24 vs 5.79 ± 1.35), 4 hours (2.76 ± 2.13 vs 4.27 ± 1.08), 12 hours (2.28 ± 1.05 vs 4.89 ± 0.95) and 24 hours (2.16 ± 0.89 vs 3.23 ± 0.79) as compared with control group (Group B). The analysis showed that there was no statistically significant (p-value > 0.05) difference in side effects like nausea, vomiting, and shivering between both groups A and B. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine plus tramadol reduces not only the intensity of postoperative pain but also the total rescue analgesic dose consumption after LC. 
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