137 research outputs found
Calibration of the Large Hodoscope ToF-Wall and Preliminary Results of the FIRST Experiment
No full textHadron therapy is an alternative way of treating cancerous tumors. It consists of irradiating tumors with protons (proton therapy) or light nuclei (alphas, carbon ions). The study of fragmentation processes is relevant for different fields of the physics concerning both basic research and applications. The energy range that is accessible at Heavy Ion Synchrotron SIS is of fundamental importance for shielding in space radiations, hadron-therapy and is interesting for different aspects exploring nuclear physics. The FIRST (Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy) experiment has been designed to study nuclear fragmentation processes in the energy range between 100 and 1000 MeV/u (Mega Electron Volt per nucleon), measuring double differential cross sections, with respect to kinetic energy and scattering polar angle. This experiment was carried because there is a strong need of high-quality experimental data concerning C-12, O-16 and Fe-56 fragmentation on different targets. The first data taking has been performed at SIS accelerator facility of GSI Laboratory in Darmstadt (Germany) during August 2011 and a set of data has been collected using a 400 MeV/u carbon beam impinging on carbon and gold targets. This experiment helps not only for comparison purposes but also for the evolution of the space IC (Integrated Circuits) radiation damage evaluation. The experimental apparatus is based on both newly designed detectors placed around the target and on an already existing setup made of the ALADiN dipole magnet, the TP-MUSIC IV tracking ionization chamber, the ToF-Wall scintillator array and the LAND neutron detector. The above mentioned instruments have been integrated with new ones specifically designed for interaction region few centimeters around the target: a Start Counter (SC) based on a plastic scintillator, a drift chamber as Beam Monitor (BM), an automated mechanical system as a target holder, a silicon pixel detector Vertex to track charged fragments emerging from the target and a large-angle light fragment detector based on thick scintillators with solid photomultiplier, KENTROS (Kinetic Energy and Time Resolution Optimized on Scintillator). Most of the projectile fragments are produced in the forward direction, within small angles with respect to the beam direction and with velocities very close to those of carbon ions impinging on the target. The trajectories of these charged fragments fall within the ALADiN acceptance and, after magnetic bending, hit the ToF-Wall detector which enables measurements of the impinging point, arrival time and energy released in the scintillator array. In particular, we report performances and preliminary results obtained from ToF-Wall data analysis. This experiment will provide information about the secondary effects of nuclear fragments in healthy biological cell
Experiment FIRST: Fragmentation of 12C Beam at 400 MeV/u
No full textThe knowledge about fragmentation processes in
ion-ion interactions is fundamental in hadrontherapy and radiation protection in space missions. Hadrontherapy, based on 12C, features many advantages with respect to conventional radiation therapy with photons due to the possibility to shape the dose delivery region in tissues but side effects of the projectile fragmentation in healthy tissues are not negligible. NASA recently pointed out that measurements for some light ions and kinetic energies are missing in nuclear fragmentation databases.
FIRST experiment aims to measure the fragmentation double
differential cross section of 12 C in the energy range 100-1000 MeV/u on several elements, constituents of organic tissues and electronic devices, in order to fill some of the mentioned lack
of information on light ions.
A first set of data has been taken in 2011 at GSI (Darmstadt), using 12 C beam at 400 MeV/u on C and Au targets. About 3 · 10^7 events with C target and 5 · 10^6 with Au target were recorded.
Together with these data other sets of runs have been collected
to calibrate the forward part of the whole experimental setup, the ToF-Wall.
The calibration procedure and the detector performances, which fit the experiment requirements for what concerns efficiency, resolution and stability, will be illustrated. Moreover, some preliminary results concerning the 12 C-12 C elastic scattering, in agreement with the Rutherford model, will be presented
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Missions Employing Formation Flying
No full textThis paper presents an overview of single-pass interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions employing two or more satellites flying in a close formation. The simultaneous reception of the scattered radar echoes from different viewing directions by multiple spatially distributed antennas enables the acquisition of unique Earth observation products for environmental and climate monitoring. After a short introduction to the basic principles and applications of SAR interferometry, designs for the twin satellite missions TanDEM-X and Tandem-L are presented. Primary objective of TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is the generation of a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy as the basis for a wide range of scientific research, as well as for commercial DEM production. This goal is achieved by enhancing the TerraSAR-X mission with a second TerraSAR-X like satellite that will be launched in spring 2010. Both satellites act then as a large single-pass SAR interferometer with the opportunity for flexible baseline selection. Building upon the experience gathered with the TanDEM-X mission design, the fully polarimetric L-band twin satellite formation Tandem-L is proposed. Important objectives of this highly capable interferometric SAR mission are the global acquisition of 3-D forest structure and biomass inventories, large scale measurements of millimetric displacements due to tectonic shifts, and systematic observations of glacier movements. The sophisticated mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L will moreover provide a unique data source to systematically observe, analyze and quantify the dynamics of a wide range of additional processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its intricate dynamics. Enabling technologies and techniques are described in detail and an outlook on future interferometric and tomographic concepts and developments, including multi-static SAR systems with multiple receivers, is provided
(Re)Printing and Copyright in the Beginning of the 20th Century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textOvaj rad na primjeru slučaja Walny protiv Kajona zbog autorskih prava prikazuje stanje u Bosni i Hercegovini na ovom polju u periodu austrougarske uprave. Kako je regulisano zakonski pravo autora i kako se to pravo moglo otuđiti, autorica kroz (pre)štampa(va)nje djela Plan von Sarajevo und Umgebung – Plan Sarajeva i okolice jasno oslikava. Akteri ove parnice su poznati javnosti kao književnici, vlasnici i urednici uglednih časopisa i štamparija, zbog čega ovaj slučaj zavrjeđuje posebnu pažnju.This work focuses on the Walny vs. Kajon copyright infringement case, showing the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina within this field during the Austro-Hungarian rule. The author shows how copyright was legally regulated and how it could have led to infringement, through methods of (re)printing of Plan von Sarajevo und Umgebung. Participants of this legal case are well known to public, as writers, owners and editors of respectable journals and printing houses. For this reason, this case deserves some special attention
Opening and Operation of Muslim Reading Rooms in Smaller Places of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Beginning of the 20th Century
No full textU radu na osnovu arhivske građe, relevantne štampe i literature autorica analizira način otvaranja muslimanskih kiraethana širom Bosne i Hercegovine početkom 20. stoljeća. Pod kojim uslovima su se otvarale kiraethane, kakva pravila su imale, koje ciljeve te koliko je vlast nadzirala njihov rad neka su od važnih pitanja u radu. Posebna pažnja je posvećena kiraethanama u manjim mjestima gdje su one predstavljale centar svih društvenih dešavanja. Kiraethane nisu bile samo preteča biblioteka i čitaonica, one su najčešće u samom sastavu imale i druge sekcije poput muzičke i antialkoholne. Autorica također posebno analizira unutrašnje odnose na koje utječe političko stanje u zemlji te lični animoziteti uprave, ali i članova.Based on archival material, relevant press, and literature, the author analyzes the way of opening Muslim reading rooms throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina at the beginning of the 20th century. Under what conditions the reading rooms were opened, what rules they had, what goals, and how much the government supervised their work is an important issue in the work. Special attention was paid to the reading rooms in smaller towns where they were the center of all social events. Reading rooms were not only the forerunners of libraries, they usually had other sections, such as music and anti-alcohol sections. The author also analyzes the internal relations that are dependent on the political situation in the country and the personal animosities of the management and members
Some aspects of fitting multinomial models in a GLM framework
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Long-Term Cost Performance of Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcements in Structural Concrete
No full textCorrosion, which leads to the premature deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC)
structures, is increasingly an issue of global concern. Accordingly, corrosion-resistant
materials have emerged as alternative reinforcement solutions in concrete structures. Yet,
the high initial cost of such materials may mitigate their potential use. This paper reports
on the results of two life-cycle-cost-analysis (LCCA) studies that aim at verifying the
long-term cost performance of corrosion-resistant reinforcements in structural concrete.
The first study conducted a 100-year-based LCCA study to evaluate the relative cost
savings of structural concrete that combines seawater, recycled coarse aggregates, and
glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement in high-rise buildings as compared
to a traditional reinforced concrete (i.e., freshwater-mixed, natural-aggregate, black-steelreinforced).
In the second study, a life-cycle-cost comparison was established among
four reinforcement alternatives, viz., conventional steel, epoxy-coated steel, stainless
steel, and GFRP for a RC water chlorination tank considering a 100-year study period.
The results of these two studies suggest that the use of corrosion-resistant reinforcement
(especially GFRP) in structural concrete may potentially lead to significant cost savings
in the long term: the net present cost of GFRP-RC structures was generally 40-50%
lower than that reinforced with black steel.The authors would like to acknowledge the fund received by the NPRP grant # NPRP
9-110-2-052 from Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The
findings of this study are solely the responsibility of the author
Effect of PGRs on Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical in Delay Senescence of Lily Cut Flowers
No full textThe short vase life is the major problem in the cut flower industry. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of different vase solutions and oils in enhancing the quality and vase life of lily cut flowers. Salicylic acid (SA; 300 mg L−1), citric acid (CA; 300 mg L−1), gibberellic acid (GA; 100 mg L−1), and clove oil (200 mg L−1) were used as vase solutions. These treatments were applied after pulsing with preoptimized sucrose 5%. It was found that SA (300 mg L−1) + sucrose (5%) improved the performance of cut flowers, which further increased the longevity of all tested lily cultivars up to eight days and the longest vase life by 17.6 days. The maximum change in fresh weight (5.60 g), increase in chlorophyll contents (3.2 SPAD value), highest protein content (6.1 mg g−1 FW), and increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (51.0 U g−1 protein), catalase (CAT) (36.3 U g−1 protein), and peroxidase (POD) (41.6 U g−1 protein), were recorded with the CA (300 mg L−1) + sucrose 5%. Among the cultivars, “Zambesi” performed best compared to “Sorbonne” and “Caesars”. The maximum anthocyanin contents (198%) were recorded in “Caesars”. In conclusion, among the different preservative solutions, SA performed best to prolong the vase life and quality of lily cut flowers
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