1,720,957 research outputs found
Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emission and Sequestration from the Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle of Bioethanol from Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans) Sap
No full textThe increasing demand for renewable energy has driven research into sustainable biofuel alternatives. This study evaluates the carbon balance of bioethanol produced from the sap of the Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans), a mangrove species with significant carbon sequestration potential. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was conducted to estimate the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from bioethanol production and compare it with the CO2 absorbed by the Nipa palm. The assessment covered emissions from transportation, fermentation, distillation, and distribution. The findings show that Nipa palms exhibit a substantial CO2 sequestration capacity, averaging 21,785 kg CO2/ha/year. The gate-to-gate emissions for producing 95% hydrous ethanol (H95F) and 99% hydrous ethanol (H99F) were calculated to be 1,075.91 kg CO2/ha and 11,552.94 kg CO2/ha, respectively. By comparing emissions against sequestration, the study reveals a significant positive carbon balance. The net balance for H95F production was -20,709.09 kg CO2/ha/year, and for H99F, it was -10,232.06 kg CO2/ha/year. This indicates that the bioethanol production system from Nipa sap is not only carbon neutral but carbon negative, as the Nipa palm cultivation absorbs more CO2 than the entire production process emits. Furthermore, compared to gasoline, which emits approximately 2.91 kg CO2-eq per liter, Nipa bioethanol presents a much lower carbon footprint. These results underscore the potential of Nipa palm bioethanol as a sustainable and environmentally beneficial fuel source that contributes to mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Estimated CO
No full textThe primary energy supply in Indonesia is still dominated by fossil fuels, leading to a significant increase in CO2-eq emissions, particularly from the transportation and industrial sectors. The Indonesian government has implemented the B40 program (a blend of 40% biodiesel and 60% petroleum diesel) to mitigate CO2-eq emissions. This research aims to calculate the total CO2-eq emissions throughout the entire life cycle of B100 production based on the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as specified in SNI ISO 14040:2016 and SNI ISO 14044:2017. The analysis compares the CO2-eq emissions of conventional diesel (B0) and B100. The results indicate that B100 has the potential to reduce particulate emissions by 40-60%, carbon monoxide (CO) by 10-50%, and hydrocarbons (HC) by 10-50% compared to B0. The CO2-eq emission factor for B0 was found to be 4,354.81 kg CO2-eq/kL, and for B100 it was 2,155.64 kg CO2-eq/kL. This demonstrates a significant reduction in emissions with the use of B100, resulting in a decrease of 2,199.17 kg CO2-eq/kL or 50.50% from B0. However, the study also highlights the environmental challenges associated with the expansion of oil palm plantations, including deforestation and land degradation, which contribute to CO2 emissions
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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