108 research outputs found
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
HEAD AND NECK CANCER IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY- A HOSPITAL BASED RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ACROSS 10 YEARS FROM PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are among the most common cancers in developing countries, especially in the Southeast Asia. Oral cavity is the most commonly affected site. The risk factors are tobacco, betel nut and alcohol. The dimensions of the disease are quite different in developing countries than the western world. Poor socioeconomic status, poverty, lack of healthcare facilities and illiteracy are the factors that pose a major challenge to the management of the disease. The aim of this study is to analyse the database that has been collected over a period of 10 years showing the trends of the disease and the management outcome of these individuals.Methods: Men and women diagnosed with HNC from 2004 to 2014 from Cancer Registry Database of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre have been retrospectively analysed.Results: In the 10 year period a total of 5027 patients presented to the head and neck clinic at our institution with a mean age + standard deviation of patients of 58.33 + 20.54. Oral cavity (42.6%) and larynx (13%) were the two mostcommon sites followed by the less frequent ones. Squamous cell carcinoma ranked as the most common histological type presented to our institute (69.2%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (6.6%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (4%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (3.6%) and 1.9% adenocarcinoma.Conclusions: Being a third world country, the burden of the disease on the healthcare system is enormous. With limited resources and funding, there is a need to train people in the speciality and develop the National Cancer ControlProgram (NCCP) for better monitoring and disease control.Key words: Developing country, head and neck cancer, health infrastructur
GERM CELL TUMOURS OF THE OVARY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A CLINICAL STUDY OF 109 PATIENTS IN A SPECIALIZED CANCER CENTRE
No full textObjective: Paediatric ovarian germ cell tumours (GCTs) are rare tumours withmalignant tumours extremely rare.Methods: All the paediatric patients who received treatment for histology proven ovarian GCT at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital from January 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients over the age of 18 years were excluded from the study. A total of 109 patients were included in the study. A set of parameters were identified to record initial clinical presentation and examination, imaging and laboratory investigations including tumour marker levels. Decisions of multidisciplinary team meetings, surgical treatment, neo adjuvant, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation data retrieved. Data analysiscarried out using SPSS 20.Results: In total 109 girls presented to our hospital during the study period, most of them above the age of 5 years, with dysgerminoma being the most common followed by yolk sac tumour. Most of the patients received treatment outside our hospital and were referred here for chemoradiotherapy. Fertility preserving surgery was the most commonly performed surgical procedure with a mean follow-up of 50.4 months and >75% overall 5-year survival.Conclusion: Regardless of histologic types, the outcomes of GCT can be improved with a multidisciplinary approach.Key words: Dysgerminomas, germ cell tumours, ovarian tumour
Unfolding the ramifications of workplace bullying: An empirical justification of conservation of resource theory in telecommunication sector of Pakistan
No full textThe current study is an attempt to explore the repercussions of workplace bullying in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. To be precise, it assesses the influence of workplace bullying on emotional exhaustion resulting in the deterioration of employee performance. Drawing on Conservation of Resource Theory (COR), researchers tested the impacts of workplace bullying and cynicism on employee job performance where emotional exhaustion is the mediator between workplace bullying and employee performance. This study highlights the problematic confrontation by the telecom employees and suggests remedial actions to overcome this. The data is collected from 387 respondents of four telecommunications companies' franchises of southern Punjab Pakistan through a questionnaire-based survey. Purposive sampling is used in order to collect data from respondents encompassing managers and span of control. The data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and SMART-PLS using a bootstrapped moderated mediation method. The findings indicate a significant negative relationship between workplace bullying and employee performance. However, workplace bullying has a significant positive correlation with employees' emotional exhaustion, and when organizational cynicism as a moderator has been introduced, this relationship gets aggravated. The study results focus on the depletion of the psychological resources of employees by workplace bullying and organizational cynicism resulting in poor employee performance. Since employees may lose the psychological resources to cope with the situation, this issue must be addressed to replenish the psychological resources. Hence managers must introduce workplace bullying combating strategies to avoid harmful consequences
Leadership during Crisis; Using Change Role Reversal Theory: A Study from Service Sector of Pakistan
No full textIn the volatile economic situation, there is a growing interest in Change Role Reversal, due to COVID-19 pandemic that would lead to successful leader-follower relationship. Change role reversal theory become so popular during the COVID-19 pandemic, many businesses have opposed the systemic shock triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The key variables of change role reversal are digitalization, employee empowerment, a shift in responsibility, perceived organizational support taken as independent variables that would have a positive impact on the leader-follower relationship and firm performance mediate the relationship between change role reversal and leader-follower relationship. This study follows the quantitative research approach and the philosophy of research is positivism and the research approach is deductive in which hypothesis is generated from the existing theories. This method was used because data about the variables could be collected once at a given time and this research is explanatory. The study unit of analysis had been individual. The research was performed using a descriptive cross-sectional survey method. The data for this study are obtained from the Services industry of Pakistan and the sample is the managerial employees that have interaction with their leaders. Total 450 close-ended questionnaires were distributed to the organizations online and out of which only 290 questionnaires were adopted for analysis. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and SMART PLS3 are used to check the hypothesis. This study revealed that change role reversal having positive relationship with leader follower relationship and firm performance strongly mediate with the relationship between change role reversal and leader follower relationship. This study offers also limitation and future direction in order to contribute in literature in future
Issues in Management and Their Remedies in Islamic Perspective
No full textIslam is a complete code of life; it guides us in every field weather politics, trade, business, education, science etc. It has been proved that foundations of many management concepts were laid by Islamic scholars. But still the modern organizations are following management principles of west. There is a dire need to spread the true Islamic teaching in an un-biased, moderate and practical manner that advocates the preaching of Islam and displays the real picture of the said religion with true colors. This study is an attempt to find remedies of some of the management issues (diversity, ethics and globalization) in Islamic perspective. Some verses of Holy Quran (English Version), sayings of Holly Prophet (PBUH) and journals on management issues have been taken into consideration to prepare this paper. This information will be useful for Muslim managers who wish to solve their managerial problems in efficient and effective way using Islamic guidelines. Keywords: Management Issues, Islamic Perspective, Diversit
Impact of the Brand Image on Purchase Intentions in Islamic Banks, A Moderating and Mediating Effect Study
No full textThe customers of Islamic banking sector are very conscious to operate the brand in Pakistan. That is rudimentary for directors to make a decent brand image of Islamic banks through the promoting procedures and obtain competitor edge. This research additionally shows that customer attitude enhances the relationship of brand image and purchase intentions towards Islamic banks. The purport of current research was to investigate the intention of the customer to Islamic banking. The study is conducted on the Islamic banking sector of Pakistan. The examination offers a chance to optically discern whether the brand image is behind customer's cull of Islamic banks when religiosity influences the customer's attitude regarding purchase intentions. current investigation will be subsidiary to examine the customer's reaction cognate the purchases and will be gainful for Islamic banking sector to keep up their positive and diverse brand image when contrasted with the conventional bank in the psyche of the customers. Likewise will virtually certainly realize that how religious convictions transmute the customer’s attitudes regarding purchase intentions. Develop a questionnaire for data amassment. 230 respondents are culled as a sample from southern Punjab. Those are the customer of Islamic banks. Brand image have paramount impact on customer attitude (mediate variable) and purchase intentions (dependent variable). Religiosity mitigates the relationship of brand image (independent variable) and customer attitude (mediate variable). Customer attitude is withal act as a good mediator between dependent and independent variable. Through current investigation, Islamic banking sector ascendant entities make methodologies and make a decent image as a primary concern of their customer. In Pakistan, the Islamic banks have no much famous. Since individuals have very little comprehended the fundamental targets of Islamic banks and furthermore they have not cognizance about the distinction of Islamic banks and conventional banks. Keywords: Brand image, Customer attitude, Purchase intentions, Religiosity, Islamic banks DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-9-01 Publication date:May 31st 202
Determinants of Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
No full textIn economic development banks serve as a key agent with entrepreneur. Due to the importance of banks in the development of any economy than it is necessary to monitor analyze its performance and observe those factors which are responsible for the performance. Study analyzed all the banks licensed in Pakistan by using the multiple linear regressions over the period 2006-2014. Capital ratio, asset quality, management capability, earning ability and liquidity are taken as explanatory variable while financial performance which is measured by return on asset, return on equity and net interest margin is used as response variable. It was observed in the study that asset quality and capital ratio are factors which influence the performance of banks in Pakistan. Keywords: Firm performance, licensed commercial banks, financial determinants and capital markets
Impact of SSO-ASTRO margin guidelines on re-excision rate in breast-conserving surgery: A single-center experience
No full textIntroduction: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has been historically linked with a high rate of re-excision. To address this issue, the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) developed consensus guidelines in 2014 to standardise practices and improve clinical outcomes for BCS patients. In our tertiary cancer care hospital, we assessed the impact of these guidelines on the re-excision rate following BCS. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on breast cancer patients who underwent BCS at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Lahore, Pakistan. The study compared the re-excision rate before the implementation of the SSO-ASTRO consensus guidelines (November 2015 to July 2017) and after the implementation (January 2018 to August 2019). Margins were considered positive if "ink on tumour" was present and negative if "no ink on tumour" was present. Fisher's exact test or chi-square test was used to compare the re-excision rates between the pre- and post-guideline periods. Results: A total of 919 patients were identified, with 533 from the pre-guideline period and 386 from the post-guideline period. Of the 919 patients, 31 with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were excluded from the re-excision analysis because the guidelines were not implemented on the DCIS. Furthermore, the overall rate of re-excision in our data was 4.3%. The re-excision rate decreased from 71.1% to 28.9% (P ≤0.05) following the adoption of the guidelines. We observed a statistically significant decrease in the re-excision rate after implementing the SSO-ASTRO guidelines. Conclusion: Implementation of the SSO-ASTRO margin guidelines led to a notable decrease in the overall re-excision rate in our data set. These findings suggest that continued adherence to the guidelines may lead to a further reduction in the re-excision rate in the future
Impacts of organizational knowledge sharing practices on employees’ job satisfaction
No full textPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically impacts of organizational knowledge-sharing practices (KSP) on employees’ job satisfaction (JS), interpersonal adaptability (IA) and learning commitment (LC). Indirect effects of KSP on JS are also confirmed through mediating factors (LC and IA).Design/methodology/approachSelf-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge workers from service sector organizations were taken as population of study. Therefore, three types of institutes (banks, insurance and telecom companies) from services sector of Pakistan were selected for sampling purpose. A sample size of 435 employees, comprising 145 employees from each type of institute, was selected. Linear regression analysis and mediation analyses were performed for statistical analysis.FindingsOrganizational support for knowledge sharing fosters learning commitment (LC), and interpersonal adaptability (IA) among workforce that ultimately grounds employees’ job satisfaction. Therefore, in our findings, the mediating role of IA is greater than the mediating effect of LC.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents a firm reasoning to decision makers for implementation of KSP in the organizations. Findings of study offer several subjects for discussion in the field of KS by academics and research. Present research is limited to test the composite effect of KSP for some selected employee outcomes only.Originality/valueThis research attempts to provide empirical evidence about impacts of KSP on employee outcomes. Research work on such issues was lacking in Pakistani context. Therefore, this paper supplies ample of theoretical base for future research as well as management decision makers to maximize the benefits of implementing KSP at their organizations.</jats:sec
- …
