70 research outputs found
Stocks as Hedge against Inflation in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Approach
No full textThe paper implements ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration to explore whether or not stocks are good hedge against inflation in the case of a transition economy such as Pakistan, using annual data for the period 1971 – 2008. Ng-Peron (2001) unit root test is applied to determine the stationarity of the series. The results suggest that stocks act as good hedge against inflation in Pakistan both in the long and the short run. The findings should help formulate appropriate policy to encourage investment in financial markets and thereby promote economic growth.Stock Returns, Inflation, ARDL Bounds Testing, Ng-Perron Test
Safety of Ammonia Fuel in Maritime Sector for Transportation, Operation, Fueling and Use in Satakunta- Region Focusing on Aspects of Sustainability
No full textThe maritime industry is under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating a shift from traditional fossil fuels to alternative, more sustainable energy sources. This thesis explores ammonia as a potential marine fuel, analysing its viability in terms of economic feasibility, safety, regulatory frameworks, and technological readiness. The study combines insights from primary data collected through interviews with industry experts, and secondary data from recent reports and ongoing projects within the Satakunta region and Finland.
Findings reveal that while ammonia holds significant promise as a zero-carbon fuel, its adoption is hindered by challenges related to high production costs, toxic properties, and the substantial infrastructure investments required. Safety remains a top concern among stakeholders, with calls for advanced leak detection systems, crew training, and specific handling protocols to mitigate ammonia’s toxicity risks. Economically, ammonia’s competitiveness is anticipated to improve as green hydrogen production scales, though substantial subsidies and regulatory support may be needed in the interim. Technological advancements in ammonia engines and fuel systems are ongoing but have yet to reach widespread operational readiness.
The thesis concludes that while ammonia offers a sustainable alternative with the potential to contribute to maritime decarbonization goals, a collaborative approach involving regulatory bodies, industry stakeholders, and technological innovators is essential to address the associated challenges. Recommendations include the development of global safety standards, increased investment in ammonia-compatible infrastructure, and ongoing research to improve ammonia’s economic and operational viability as a marine fuel
Collected Papers (on Neutrosophic Theory and Applications), Volume VII
No full textThis seventh volume of Collected Papers includes 70 papers comprising 974 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2013-2021 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 122 co-authors from 22 countries: Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Abdel-Nasser Hussian, C. Alexander, Mumtaz Ali, Yaman Akbulut, Amir Abdullah, Amira S. Ashour, Assia Bakali, Kousik Bhattacharya, Kainat Bibi, R. N. Boyd, Ümit Budak, Lulu Cai, Cenap Özel, Chang Su Kim, Victor Christianto, Chunlai Du, Chunxin Bo, Rituparna Chutia, Cu Nguyen Giap, Dao The Son, Vinayak Devvrat, Arindam Dey, Partha Pratim Dey, Fahad Alsharari, Feng Yongfei, S. Ganesan, Shivam Ghildiyal, Bibhas C. Giri, Masooma Raza Hashmi, Ahmed Refaat Hawas, Hoang Viet Long, Le Hoang Son, Hongbo Wang, Hongnian Yu, Mihaiela Iliescu, Saeid Jafari, Temitope Gbolahan Jaiyeola, Naeem Jan, R. Jeevitha, Jun Ye, Anup Khan, Madad Khan, Salma Khan, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Darjan Karabašević, Kifayat Ullah, Kishore Kumar P.K., Sujit Kumar De, Prasun Kumar Nayak, Malayalan Lathamaheswari, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Anam Luqman, Luu Quoc Dat, Tahir Mahmood, Hafsa M. Malik, Nivetha Martin, Mai Mohamed, Parimala Mani, Mingcong Deng, Mohammed A. Al Shumrani, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Gulistan, Farshid Mofidnakhaei, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Riaz, Karthika Muthusamy, Nabeela Ishfaq, Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan, Sumera Naz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Nguyen Tho Thong, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Noor ul Amin, Dragan Pamučar, Gabrijela Popović, S. Krishna Prabha, Surapati Pramanik, Priya R, Qiaoyan Li, Yaser Saber, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, Saleem Abdullah, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Abdulkadir Sengür, Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah, Shahbaz Ali, Shahzaib Ashraf, Shouzhen Zeng, Shio Gai Quek, Shuangwu Zhu, Shumaiza, Sidra Sayed, Sohail Iqbal, Songtao Shao, Sundas Shahzadi, Dragiša Stanujkić, Željko Stević, Udhayakumar Ramalingam, Zunaira Rashid, Hossein Rashmanlou, Rajkumar Verma, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Desmond Jun Yi Tey, Selçuk Topal, Naveed Yaqoob, Yanhui Guo, Yee Fei Gan, Yingcang Ma, Young Bae Jun, Yuping Lai, Hafiz Abdul Wahab, Wei Yang, Xiaohong Zhang, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Lemnaouar Zedam
Is Natural Resource Abundance a Stimulus for Financial Development in the USA?
No full textThis paper investigates the stimulating role of natural resource abundance in financial development for the case of the USA over the period of 1960-2016. We included education, economic growth and capitalization as additional determinants of financial development in finance demand function. Thus, we applied traditional and recent unit root tests, accommodating unknown structural breaks in the series for examining the unit root properties of the variables. To examine cointegration between the variables, we apply the Bayer-Hanck cointegration approach. The robustness of cointegration relationship is tested by applying the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The empirical results show the presence of cointegration between financial development and its determinants. In the long run, we observe that natural resource abundance contributes to financial development. Education has a positive impact on financial development. A positive relationship exists between economic growth and financial development. Capitalization is inversely linked with financial development. The causality analysis reveals a feedback effect between natural resource abundance and financial development i.e. natural resource abundance causes financial development; in turn, financial development Granger causes natural resource abundance. This empirical evidence provides new insights for policy makers to use natural resource abundance as an economic tool to improve the performance of financial sector by considering the role of economic growth and education
Prognostically significant fusion oncogenes in Pakistani patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their association with disease biology and outcome
No full textBackground and objectives: Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in genesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and have prognostic implications. Five major risk stratifying fusion genes in ALL are BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX11, E2A-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1. This work aimed to detect common chromosomal translocations and associated fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients and study their relationship with clinical features and treatment outcome. Methods: We studied fusion oncogenes in 104 adult ALL patients using RT-PCR and interphase-FISH at diagnosis and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Results: Five most common fusion genes i.e. BCR-ABL (t 9; 22), TCF3-PBX1 (t 1; 19), ETV6-RUNX1 (t 12; 21), MLL-AF4 (t 4; 11) and SIL-TAL1 (Del 1p32) were found in 82/104 (79%) patients. TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene was associated with lymphadenopathy, SIL-TAL1 positive patients had frequent organomegaly and usually presented with a platelets count of less than . Survival of patients with fusion gene ETV6-RUNX1 was better when compared to patients harboring other genes. MLL-AF4 and BCR-ABL positivity characterized a subset of adult ALL patients with aggressive clinical behaviour and a poor outcome. Conclusions: This is the first study from Pakistan which investigated the frequency of5 fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients, and their association with clinical features, treatment response and outcome. Frequencies of some of the oncogenes were different from those reported elsewhere and they appear to be associated with distinct clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. This information will help in the prognostic stratification and risk adapted management of adult ALL patients.Noreen Sabir, Zafar Iqbal, Aamer Aleem, Tashfeen Awan, Tahir Naeem, Sultan Asad, Ammara H Tahir, Muhammad Absar, Rana MW Hasanato, Sulman Basit, Muhammad Azhar Chishti, Muhammad Faiyaz Ul-Haque, Ahmad Muktar Khalid, Muhammad Farooq Sabar, Mahmood Rasool, Sajjad Karim, Mahwish Khan, Baila Samreen, Muhammad Hassan Siddiqi, Saba Shahzadi, Sana Shahbaz, Agha Shabbir Ali, Amer Mahmood, Muhammad Akram, Tariq Saeed, Arsalan Saleem, Danish Mohsin, Ijaz Hussain Shah, Muhammad Khalid, Muhammad Asif, Mudassar Iqbal, Tanveer Akhta
Role of Pakistan Government Institutions in Adoption of Bt cotton and Benefits Associated with Adoption
No full textPakistan is the world fourth biggest maker of the cotton and positions tenth in productivity. Many factors such as poor seed quality, primitive agronomic practices, improper use of fertilizers and pesticides, lack of access to modern machinery, slow adoption of modern farming practices and use of low Bt expression varieties can attribute to it. In this study focus was on the slow adoption of the advanced generations of Bt cotton and that the role of government institutions in endorsement of Bt Cotton in Pakistan and the prognosticating benefits of adopting it more widely.
Bt cotton contains specific type of proteins that when consumed by a specific type of insect larvae, damage the insect gut walls by creating holes in it, which causes larvae to stop feeding and eventually die. The Bt gene is inserted in plants by genetic alteration in which the source code of the DNA is changed to produce the proteins / toxins which reduces the need for the application of insecticides. Brought in Pakistan during 2005 illegally and formally approved in 2010 the productivity increase in Bt cotton remains yet to be seen. This is more surprising when in India and throughout the world, the productivity of Bt cotton increased manifolds. Bt cotton’s main function is not to increase productivity but to check the role of the boll worms in decreasing productivity and through decreasing the pest attacks on the crops; Bt cotton serves to increase productivity by decreasing sub economic threshold levels damages and creating more reliable insect control in all weather conditions. This paper will consider Progress of government institutes, different companies and Government agencies involved that correlate directly to the production of the Bt cotton in Pakistan
Role of Pakistan Government Institutions in Adoption of Bt cotton and Benefits Associated with Adoption
No full textPakistan is the world fourth biggest maker of the cotton and positions tenth in productivity. Many factors such as poor seed quality, primitive agronomic practices, improper use of fertilizers and pesticides, lack of access to modern machinery, slow adoption of modern farming practices and use of low Bt expression varieties can attribute to it. In this study focus was on the slow adoption of the advanced generations of Bt cotton and that the role of government institutions in endorsement of Bt Cotton in Pakistan and the prognosticating benefits of adopting it more widely.
Bt cotton contains specific type of proteins that when consumed by a specific type of insect larvae, damage the insect gut walls by creating holes in it, which causes larvae to stop feeding and eventually die. The Bt gene is inserted in plants by genetic alteration in which the source code of the DNA is changed to produce the proteins / toxins which reduces the need for the application of insecticides. Brought in Pakistan during 2005 illegally and formally approved in 2010 the productivity increase in Bt cotton remains yet to be seen. This is more surprising when in India and throughout the world, the productivity of Bt cotton increased manifolds. Bt cotton’s main function is not to increase productivity but to check the role of the boll worms in decreasing productivity and through decreasing the pest attacks on the crops; Bt cotton serves to increase productivity by decreasing sub economic threshold levels damages and creating more reliable insect control in all weather conditions. This paper will consider Progress of government institutes, different companies and Government agencies involved that correlate directly to the production of the Bt cotton in Pakistan
Learning Finite State Models of Observable Nondeterministic Systems in a Testing Context
No full textInternational audienceLearning models from test observations can be adapted to the case when the system provides nondeterministic answers. In this paper we propose an algorithm for inferring observable nondeterministic finite state machines (ONFSMs). The algorithm is based on Angluin L* algorithm for learning DFAs. We define rules for constructing and updating learning queries taking into account the properties of ONFSMs. Application examples, complexity analysis and an experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithm are provided
Learning finite state models of observable nondeterministic systems in a testing context
No full text97102Learning models from test observations can be adapted to the case when the system provides nondeterministic answers. In this paper we propose an algorithm for inferring observable nondeterministic finite state machines (ONFSMs). The algorithm is based on Angluin L* algorithm for learning DFAs. We define rules for constructing and updating learning queries taking into account the properties of ONFSMs. Application examples, complexity analysis and an experimental evaluation of the proposed algorithm are provided
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