89 research outputs found
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP: Muhammad Atif Bashir, Shakeel Sarwar, Muhammad Rizwan, Waseem Ahmad Khan
No full textThis study outlines an inclusive review of past studies on “entrepreneurial leadership (EL)”. A systematic literature review (SLTR) is an accredited approach for producing the trustworthy understandings from an evidence based technique. The approach of SLTR used in this study is conducted stepwise for providing the support to conceptual development of EL. The review method of this research conduct begins with keywords’ identification collected from the panel of review. These search strings were then utilized in nine databases that were considered as highly suitable for the research in management field. These databases include: Emerald, JSTOR, Sage journals, Science direct, Springer link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Knowledge, and Wiley online library. To obtain the relevant articles, titles and abstracts were screened out based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. The references and citations of chosen papers were scrutinized to decide their exclusion and inclusion. Initially, 216 articles in total were recognized that were further refined in the process of review. Duplicate papers chosen from given databases were then filtered out. In the end, the study has selected 97 papers that were suitable for the review and analysis. The findings of this paper sustenance the conclusion that EL is an important determinant that enhances organizational performance across competitive and turbulent atmospheres. Though, what is indistinct is the magnitude to which the EL attributes recognized are pertinent in a specific context. The research results highlight the manifold attributes relevant to EL like vision, risk-taking, effective communication, creativity and innovativeness. It has been seen that while the SLTR procedures came up with a exhaustive review of the past studies on EL, the effectiveness of the literatures is restricted to the search specific sentence strings used in the databases. Based on the SLTR, recommendations and future suggestions with specific reference to emerging countries are propose
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: NEXUS OF COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS: Khizra Sultan, Shakeel Sarwar, Muhammad Rizwan, Waseem Ahmad Khan
No full textThis research paper finds out the relationship between the process of performance management and the factors that influence it either in positive manner or negative. Performance management is, to a big extent, responsible for the overall productivity of the firm by assessing and controlling the performance of employees on a micro level. Many factors like training, support of authorities, behaviour, organizational culture and reward systems influence the process of performance management. Top management carry out performance management by setting individual organizational goals of employees so that they align with the collective organizational goals, to ensure compliance within the organization. Then by reviewing employees\u27 performance against the goals, they grant the rewards. Performance management also establishes its relation with the top level employees of the firm. As the workers perform well, the job satisfaction of the employer increases
Relationship between postoperative pneumocephalus and recurrence following chronic subdural hematoma evacuation
No full textObjective: Postoperative pneumocephalus has been reported as one of the possible causes of increased recurrence following burrhole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (ChSDH). The present study was designed to assess the relationship between postoperative pneumocephalus and recurrence following chronic subdural hematoma evacuation.
Materials and Methods: The medical records of sixty eight patients that had been operated for ChSDH evacuation with burrhole drainage were retrospectively analyzed. The area of the pneumocephalus was measured in the slice where the size of the pneumocephalus was the biggest. The patients were then divided into the recurrent and the non-recurrent groups and compared for their association with the postoperative pneumocephalus. Patients with a pneumocephalus size of > 4 cm2 and those with a size ? 4 cm2 were also compared with each other for recurrence.
Results:
Fourteen (20.6%) patients had recurrence following burrhole evacuation of ChSDH. The mean size of the pneumocephalus in the recurrent group was 7.88 ± 5.12 cm2 and in the non-recurrent group was 6.56 ± 5.56 cm2.The size of the pneumocephlus was not statistically different (p=0.42) between the two groups. We also compared patients with a pneumocephalus size of > 4 cm2 and those with a pneumocephalus size of ? 4 cm2 and again found that the relationship with recurrence was not significant (p=0.288).
Conclusion:
We conclude that postoperative pneumocephalus is not associated with recurrence following burrhole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma.
Keywords: Postoperative pneumocephalus, burrhole evacuation, recurrence, chronic subdural hematom
Surgical Modality as a Determinant of Survival and Neurological Outcome Following the Evacuation of Acute Subdural Hematomas
No full textObjective: We designed the present study to compare the clinical outcomes of the craniotomy and the decompressive craniectomy procedures that we had performed in our department for evacuating traumatic acute subdural hematomas.
Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of all the adult patients in whom a craniotomy or a decompressive craniectomy had been performed for evacuating acute traumatic subdural hematoma. The demographic data, the preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the clinical outcome were studied.
Results: A craniotomy had been carried out in five patients for traumatic AcSDH evacuation while in twelve patients a decompressive craniectomy had been performed. The mean preoperative GCS was 9 in the patients that underwent a craniotomy, whereas the mean preoperative GCS in the decompressive craniectomy group was 6.8. The overall mortality was 47%. In the craniotomy group, 4 (80%) patients survived and 1 (20%) patient expired. In the decompressive craniectomy group, 5 (41.7%) patients survived and 7 (58.3%) patients expired. The outcome in all the 9 surviving patients was favorable based on the Glasgow Outcome scale and all of them were independent of follow-up.
Conclusion: Better clinical outcome was observed in patients who had undergone a craniotomy compared to those in whom a decompressive craniectomy had been performed. Patients that underwent a craniotomy were also in a better clinical status preoperatively compared to patients who underwent a decompressive craniectomy
Clinical Outcome Following Surgical Evacuation of Spontaneous Cerebellar Hematomas
No full textObjective: debated. The present study was designed to analyze the clinical outcome of patients operated in our department for spontaneous cerebellar hematoma evacuation.
Method: The medical data of all the patients in whom spontaneous cerebellar hematoma had been surgically evacuated were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters of age, preoperative Glasgow coma scales (GCS), and the volume of the hematoma was studied and their relationship with clinical outcome based on the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was analyzed
Results: The study included twenty-four patients. Fourteen (58.3%) patients survived and ten (41.7%) patients expired. The mean age of the surviving patients was 57 years and the mean age of the expired patients was 57.2 years. The difference wasn’t statistically significant (p = 0.9612). The mean hematoma volume in the surviving patients was 23 cm3 and in the expired patients was 26.2 cm3. The difference didn’t reach statistical significance (p = 0.1614). The mean preoperative GCS of the surviving patients was 12.4 and of the expired patients were 8.3. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.004). All the surviving patients had a favorable outcome based on the GOS score
Conclusion: Surgical evacuation of cerebellar hematomas leads to a good clinical outcome. Preoperative GCS is significantly associated with the clinical outcome. The age of the patient and the volume of the hematoma were not found to be significantly associated with the clinical outcom
Effect of drain placement on postoperative radiology following burrhole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma
No full textObjective:
The effect of drain placement on postoperative radiology following burrhole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma (ChSDH) is a topic that has been rarely addressed in literature. The present study was designed to study the effects of postoperative drain placement on different radiological parameters following ChSDH evacuation.
Materials & Methods
We studied the data of 117 patients operated with burrhole drainage of ChSDH and divided the patients into two groups. In the first group a postoperative subdural drain had been placed while the second was the no drainage group. The pre- and postoperative CT brain of the patients were analyzed and the change in the hematoma width and midline shift was noted.
Results:
In the drainage group 12 (18.2%) patients had recurrence. In the no drainage group also 12 (23.5%) patiens had recurrence. The difference in recurrence wasn’t significant (p=0.4775). The mean change in the width of the hematoma was 0.95 ± 0.37 mm in the drainage group, while in the no drainage group this was 0.51 ± 0.37 mm. This difference was very significant (p < 0.0000001). The mean change in the midline shift was 0.51 ± 0.21 mm in the drainage group, while in the no drainage group this was 0.26 ± 0.22 mm and this difference again was very significant (p < 0.0000001).
Conclusion
The placement of a subdural drain following burrhole evacuation of ChSDH leads to significantly decreased postoperative hematoma width and mass effect providing the radiological corroboration for drain placement
MOMENTOUSNESS OF JOB SATISFACTION FOR THE EMPLOYEE AND THE EMPLOYER: Khizra Sultan, Shakeel Sarwar, Waseem Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Rizwan
No full textThis study is a blend of an approach that witness job satisfaction is equally important at the end of employer as it is at the end of employee. The paper encompasses the dual pronged approach that not only show importance of Job Satisfaction for the workers but also for the owners and their business. This study summarizes all the reasons that why job satisfaction is important in a working environment and also that job satisfaction of employers and employee is equally important as the top management and the people executing the commands of top management, all should be satisfied with their job and eager to work. To increase the cumulative job satisfaction employers should address factors like remuneration, supervision and work environment to increase the job satisfaction of the employees while what employees should do is to show interest and engagement in their work
Author Correction: Exogenously applied growth regulators protect the cotton crop from heat-induced injury by modulating plant defense mechanism
No full textA correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper
Organic Geochemical Evaluation of the Lower Cretaceous Sembar Formation to Identify Shale-Gas Potential from the Southern Indus Basin Pakistan
No full text: In this research, we evaluated the shale gas potential of Sembar Formation (Lower Cretaceous) from four different wells, i.e., Well TE-1, Well TE-2, Well TE-3, and Well TE-4 of the Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. Seventy-eight samples have been analyzed for this study by means of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval analysis, Vitrinite Reflectance (Rₒ), and Geochemical logs. The Lower Cretaceous Sembar Formation in the study area is mainly composed of shales and minor traces of siltstone and sandstone. Sembar Formation in the Southern Indus Basin is organically rich with an average TOC of (2.05 wt. %). The shales of Sembar Formation has adequate potential to generate hydrocarbons. The mean genetic potential is 4.69 mg HC/g rock. The HI values range from 5.96-505 mg HC/g TOC with an average value of 144.45 mg HC/g TOC. Whereas, the OI values range from 3.90-306.66 mg CO2/g TOC with an average value of 45.43 mg CO2/g TOC. The Hydrogen Index data, HI vs. Tmax cross plot, and Van krevelen Diagram (HI vs. OI) show the Sembar Formation has type II & type III kerogen, which are mainly oil and gas prone. Organic-rich shales of the Lower Cretaceous Sembar Formation in the Southern Indus Basin are thermally mature. The average Tmax values are (450 ºC), the mean Production Index is 0.38, whereas the calculated Vitrinite Reflectance based on burial history is 1.5 (%). On the basis of current investigations, it is concluded that sufficient vertical thickness of organic-rich facies, their lateral continuity, High TOC content, appropriate Kerogen type, thermal maturity reflecting oil– gas generation zone, an indigenous hydrocarbon exists within the Formation. Thus the Sembar Formation has the potential to produce unconventional hydrocarbons in the Southern Indus Basin
Pedigree Analysis of Congenital Stationary Night Blindness and Surveillance of Related Problems in the Area of Depalpur, Okara-Pakistan
No full textCongenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is described as a set of inherited, non-progressive retinal conditions in which the rod pathway is primarily affected, resulting in difficulty adapting to low-light situations due to impaired photoreceptor transmission. Objectives of study was to identify patients with CSNB and explore their lifestyle and the impact of CSNB on their daily routines in selected areas. Total seven families having CSNB, belonging to five villages (Abadi Haji Ismaeel, Sunari wala, Tibba, Shamdin, and Chorasta Mian Khan) of Depalpur, district Okara, were investigated in March 2023. The CSNB prevalence was calculated as 2.528 % in all selected families and all of these patients were affected from their childhood. Analysis of data revealed that the lowest to highest prevalence was recorded as 1.5 to 5 % respectively. All of these patients were affected by their childhood. The CSNB patients were facing a large number of issues. Almost 99 % of the patients were under metric education. Similarly, more than 90 % of patients were jobless. They also faced marriage issues but the number of females was more than males. Day eyesight is also weak over time with ageing. Some patients feel like a burden on their families. Feel pain while watching television or using a mobile phone most of the time. The prevalence of significant refractive errors was not high enough to justify only seven families investigated solely for this purpose. However, a program may be justified in areas where CSNB is common. Further research is needed to validate the recurrent reports of the disease
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