34 research outputs found
A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island
No full textabstract: Urban Heat Island (UHI) is considered as one of the major problems in the 21st century posed to human beings as a result of urbanization and industrialization of human civilization. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures, as they consume and re-radiate solar radiations, and from the anthropogenic heat sources are the main causes of UHI. The two heat sources increase the temperatures of an urban area as compared to its surroundings, which is known as Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII). The problem is even worse in cities or metropolises with large population and extensive economic activities. The estimated three billion people living in the urban areas in the world are directly exposed to the problem, which will be increased significantly in the near future. Due to the severity of the problem, vast research effort has been dedicated and a wide range of literature is available for the subject. The literature available in this area includes the latest research approaches, concepts, methodologies, latest investigation tools and mitigation measures. This study was carried out to review and summarize this research area through an investigation of the most important feature of UHI. It was concluded that the heat re-radiated by the urban structures plays the most important role which should be investigated in details to study urban heating especially the UHI. It was also concluded that the future research should be focused on design and planning parameters for reducing the effects of urban heat island and ultimately living in a better environment.Corresponding Author:
Ahmed Memon Rizwan
University of Hong Kong
[email protected]
Sleep-Aware Wavelength and Bandwidth Assignment Scheme for TWDM PON
No full textPhd, Muhammad Faheem,/0000-0003-4628-4486; Arfeen, Asad/0000-0002-2419-6621; Ashraf, Dr. Muhammad Waqar/0000-0003-1591-7041; Memon, Dr. Kamran Ali/0000-0003-1353-2586; Butt, Rizwan Aslam/0000-0002-4784-0918;The energy efficiency and delay performance of PON are two inversely related phenomena. Higher sleep time of the Optical Network Units (ONUs) results in higher upstream (US) delays due to increased traffic queues during the ONU Asleep state. Although an efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength assignment (DWBA) scheme can decrease US delays by minimizing the bandwidth waste and improving the fairness of bandwidth distribution among the ONUs. However, the conventional DWBA schemes are not designed to work with cyclic sleep mode (CSM) and they keep on assigning bandwidth to ONUs even if the ONU is in Asleep state leading to wastage of bandwidth and degraded CSM performance. Therefore, in this work a sleep aware DWBA scheme for TWDM PON is presented to coordinate with CSM mode. It only assign bandwidth to Active ONUs during the guaranteed phase, surplus phase and excess phase allocation phases which minimizes the bandwidth waste and the bandwidth lost at the ONU end. The wavelength switching process is also improved by only considering the Active state ONUs to balance the traffic load on all the wavelengths. The simulation results support our claim as the SA-DWBA scheme on average achieves DWBA schemes due to up to 50% to 65% higher energy savings compared to other due to longer ONU Asleep times. However, the increased upstream delays of all the traffic classes in SA-DWBA scheme remain within the set delay limit of 50 ms.NED University of Engineering and Technology; Higher Education Commission Pakistan [1982]This research is partially supported by the NED University of Engineering and Technology and Higher Education Commission Pakistan for providing financial support for this research work through startup research Grant No. 1982
Proton Pump Inhibitors: Pantoprazole is the safe drug as compared to Omeprazole drug during treatment of Dyslipidemia.
No full textIntroduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to manage ret-rosternal burning to peptic ulcer disease. Dyslipidemia is also very common in Asian population.Objective: To evaluate the effects of different groups of PPIs like omeprazole, Pan-toprazole, esomeprazole on lipid profile.Methodology: This animal study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology with collaboration of Diagnostic & Research laboratory of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro from 16 Nov to 30 Nov 2020. 24 male rabbit were divided in 3 equal groups. The sample for lipid profile were taken twice; first sample was collected before start of PPPIs, while another sample was taken after six weeks of the treatment with different groups of PPPIs. The lipid profile was ana-lyzed by Cobass Auto analyzer (C-311) of Hitachi at Diagnostic & Research Labora-tory LUMHS. The Statistical analysis was performed by student ‘t’ test and chi square test by using SPSS version 21.Result: The results found were statistically significant (p=<0.05) for omeprazole and esomeprazole while it was insignificant (p=0.247) for pantoprazole. TG’s was signifi-cantly more in group A and B animals as compare to group C animals. Low density Lipoprotein found raised among all groups but the rise was statistically insignifi-cant.Conclusion: Omeprazole exerts significant effects over all observed parameters of lipid profile, esomeprazole showed effects over few parameters, while pantopra-zole showed insignificant effects over lipid profile.Key words: Proton Pump Inhibitors, Low density Lipoprotein, Cholesterol
Traffic-Adaptive Inter Wavelength Load Balancing for TWDM PON
No full textMohammadani, Khalid/0000-0002-7640-9772; Memon, Dr. Kamran Ali/0000-0003-1353-2586; Phd, Muhammad Faheem,/0000-0003-4628-4486; Butt, Rizwan Aslam/0000-0002-4784-0918;This study presents a dynamic inter wavelength migration scheme for the optical network units (ONUs) employing linear regression machine learning method to equalize the traffic volume on all the wavelengths in time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM PON). The proposed traffic-adaptive wavelength and bandwidth assignment (TA-WBA) scheme not only decreases upstream traffic delays but also offers 2.3% and 30% less delay on the wavelengths balancing the excessive load and 7% less upstream bandwidth waste, when evaluated against other load-balancing scheme.Natural National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61727817/61425022/61522501/61605013/61875248/61307086/61475024/61672290/61475094/61675030]; National High Technology 863 Program of China [2015AA015501, 2015AA015502]; Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC (BUPT)This work is supported by Natural National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grants 61727817/61425022/61522501/61605013/61875248/61307086/61475024/61672290/61475094/61675030; in part by the National High Technology 863 Program of China under Grants 2015AA015501 and 2015AA015502, and in part by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC (BUPT)
Assessment of Oral Stereognosis and Denture Satisfaction in Old Denture Wearers: A Retrospective Study
No full textOBJECTIVES
Stereognosis has been investigated occasionally to predict the prognosis of treatment with complete dentures. This study evaluated oral stereognosis and satisfaction levels in completely edentate patients wearing prostheses for at least three months.
METHODOLOGY
From November 2014 and January 2016, data from 322 patients' follow-up visits were collected from records of the Prosthodontics department at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Denture satisfaction was assessed using a self-structured proforma, and oral stereognosis was measured using different-shaped objects made from self-cure acrylic resin, kept in the oral cavity without showing them to the patient. The frequency of qualitative variables was determined for data analysis, and a chi-square test was applied. Significant P-values were defined as those less than 0.
RESULTSThe male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1, with 50.9% wearing a prosthesis for less than a year and the minimum range being 3-6 years (13.66 %). Only 31 had stereognosis positive but were completely satisfied with their prosthesis, while 85 who were unsatisfied were found to have positive sensory perception. Statistical analysis for all groups shows a p-value of 0.000 for patient satisfaction with denture wear which is statistically significant. Most patients with the least duration of wear found their stereognosis positive and were unsatisfied with the prosthesis and vice versa. The chi-square test shows a statistically significant value for both groups of stereognosis i-e 0.0001..
CONCLUSION
Patients with the shortest period of wear were found to be more dissatisfied, but their oral perception remained intact, while those with more experience complained less but had reduced stereognosis
Evaluation of the Gag Reflex in Patients Wearing Partial Dentures During Impression Taking
No full textObjective: To determine the frequency of the gag reflex in patient of partial dentures wearerwhile taking impression.Methods: a Cross Sectional descriptive study was done at department of Prosthodontics,Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS, Jamshoro, on 97 prosthodontics patients (removable partialdenture, fixed restoration such as crown, bridge) aged 20 to 60 years and of either genders. Dataregarding demographic characteristics and gag reflex were collected using the Gagging ProblemAssessment Questionnaire (GPA–Patient Short Form). The scores were categorized as mild,moderate, or severe. After all the relevant data collection the analysis was done using IBM SPSSversion 26.Results: Overall mean age of the individuals was 36.93±7.66 years and females were in majority63(64.9%). Out of all partial denture wearers, 92.8% reported experiencing a gag reflex.Additionally the majority of participants (62.9%) had a mild gag reflex, 6(26.8%) had amoderate response, 3(3.1%) reported a severe gag reflex, while 7(7.2%) showed no gag reflex.However the severity of the gag reflex did not show a statistically significant association withage and gender (p-&gt;0.05).Conclusion: This study revealed that a mild to moderate gag reflex was observed the mostcommon among partial denture wearers, particularly during impression procedures involving theupper jaw and posterior oral regions, without its significant association with age or gender.Key words: Partial denture, Gag reflex, Impression
Meta Deep Learn Leaf Disease Identification Model for Cotton Crop
No full textAgriculture is essential to the growth of every country. Cotton and other major crops fall into the cash crops. Cotton is affected by most of the diseases that cause significant crop damage. Many diseases affect yield through the leaf. Detecting disease early saves crop from further damage. Cotton is susceptible to several diseases, including leaf spot, target spot, bacterial blight, nutrient deficiency, powdery mildew, leaf curl, etc. Accurate disease identification is important for taking effective measures. Deep learning in the identification of plant disease plays an important role. The proposed model based on meta Deep Learning is used to identify several cotton leaf diseases accurately. We gathered cotton leaf images from the field for this study. The dataset contains 2385 images of healthy and diseased leaves. The size of the dataset was increased with the help of the data augmentation approach. The dataset was trained on Custom CNN, VGG16 Transfer Learning, ResNet50, and our proposed model: the meta deep learn leaf disease identification model. A meta learning technique has been proposed and implemented to provide a good accuracy and generalization. The proposed model has outperformed the Cotton Dataset with an accuracy of 98.53%
Design and Implementation to Authentication over a GSM System Using Certificate-Less Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC)
No full textDesign and Implementation to Authentication over a GSM System Using Certificate-Less Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC)
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