458 research outputs found
Neuropsychological constraints to human data production on a global scale
No full textWhich are the factors underlying human information production on a global level? In order to gain an insight into this question we study a corpus of 252–633 mil. publicly available data files on the Internet corresponding to an overall storage volume of 284–675 Terabytes. Analyzing the file size distribution for several distinct data types we find indications that the neuropsychological capacity of the human brain to process and record information may constitute the dominant limiting factor for the overall growth of globally stored information, with real-world economic constraints having only a negligible influence. This supposition draws support from the observation that the files size distributions follow a power law for data without a time component, like images, and a log-normal distribution for multimedia files, for which time is a defining qualia.
Author summary: The generation of new information is limited by two key factors, by the incurring economic costs and by the capacity of the human brain to process and store data and information; the controlling agent needs to retain an overall understanding even when data is generated by semiautomatic processes. These processes are reflected in the statistical properties of the data files publicly available on the Internet. Collecting a corpus of 252–633 mil. files we find that the statistics of the file size distribution are consistent with the supposition that data production on a global level is shaped and limited by the neuropsychological information processing capacity of the brain, with economic and hardware constraints having a negligible influence
A method for eliminating articles by homonymous authors from the large number of articles retrieved by author search
No full textThis is a preprint of an article published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Volume 62 Issue 4 pages 677–690 April 2011.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.21491/abstractjournal articl
Kadar Radha’ah Muhammad Al-Ghazali Persepektif Maqasid Al-Syari’ah Imam Syatibi
No full textAsi adalah kebutuhan pokok yang tidak bisa ditunda (dharuriat) pasca bayi lahir.iAsal menyusui anaknya bagi seorang ibu hukumnya adalah sunnah, namun hal itu terjadi bila seorang ayah merupakan orang yang mampu dan ada orang lain yang mau menyusui anaknya. Menganalisis sebuah fatwa meggunakan Teori maqasid as-syariah adalah langkah yang tepat, hal ini sudah dilakukan oleh para Ilmuwan islam terdahulu hingga sekarang. Berdasarkan persoalan diatas, maka penelitian ini membahas tentang metode Muhammad al-Ghazali dalam menetapkan kadar Radha’ah kemudian dipandang dalam persepektif Maqasid Syari’ah Imam Syatibi. Sebagai sinkronisasi, pendapat Muhammad al-Ghazali dengan konsep maqasid al-syari’ah. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Muhammad al-Ghazali dalam menentukan kadar radha’ah, didasari dengan metode kritik matan hadis kadar radha’ah minimal lima kali penysusuan. Ada empat langkah dalam menguji matan hadis radha’ah :pertama, pengujian dengan al-Qur’an, ke-dua, pengujian dengan Hadis, ke-tiga, pengujian dengan Sejarah, ke-empat, pengujian dengan Kebenaran fakta ilmiah. Dalam perspektif maqasid al-syari’ah imam syatibi, pendapat muhammad al-Ghazali tidak memenuhi kriteria lima penjagaan daruriat al-Khamsah, walaupun penulis hanya menerapkan tiga kaidah saja: Hifdzun al-Din, hifdzun nasab, Hifdzun aql. Berdasarkan maqâshid ada lima cara Untuk mengoperasionalkan ijtihad, yaitu: Pertama, memahami tujuan dari teks-teks dan hukum. Kedua, mengumpulkan antara kulliyât al-âmmah dan dalil-dalil khusus. Ketiga, mujtahid wajib mempertimbangkan dalil-dalil parsial untuk menghadirkan kulliyât al-syarî'ah dan tujuan-tujuan syariah secara umum, serta kaidah-kaidahnya yang global. Keempat, jalbu al-mashâlih wa dar’u al-mafâsid (mendatangkan kemashlahâtan dan mencegah kerusakan). Kelima, dengan mempertimbangkan akibat suatu hukum (i'tibâr al-maâlât). Dari kelima langkah minimal dikerucutkan dua langkah pokok dalam menetukan ijtihad: Jalbu al-Mashâlih wa Dar’u al-Mafâsid Mutlaqa’n. dan I’tibâr al-Maâlât (Mempertimbangkan Akibat Suatu Hukum)
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PADA BALITA USIA 9-24 BULAN DI DESA DUKUH, BAYAT
No full textProses tumbuh kembang anak merupakan hal penting yang harus diperhatikan sejak dini, mengingat bahwa anak merupakan generasi penerus bangsa memiliki hak untuk mencapai perkembangan yang optimal, sehingga dibutuhkan anak dengan kualitas kesehatan bayi yang baik demi masa depan bangsa yang lebih baik. Pada masa bayi, kesehatan sangat ditentukan oleh nutrisi yang diberikan oleh ibu melalui ASI. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi ibu untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan pertama. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI ekslusif terhadap pertumbuhan pada balita usia 9-24 bulan di Desa Dukuh. Metode Penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah balita usia 9-24 bulan yang mengikuti posyandu balita di Desa Dukuh. Sampel berjumlah 58 balita. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah proportionate stratified random sampling. Jenis data penelitian ini yaitu data primer. Pada penelitian ini tidak digunakannya kuisioner, sedangkan pengukuran (lenght board) dan penimbangan (baby scale). Analisa data penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Kendall’s Tau. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Kendall’s Tau teridentifikasi bahwa nilai p atau sign (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 yang artinya p<0,05 maka dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat Hubungan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif Terhadap Pertumbuhan Pada Balita Usia 9-24 Bulan di Desa Dukuh, Bayat. Kekuatan hubungan antara pemberian ASI ekslusif dan pertumbuhan pada balita digambarkan dengan nilai r koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,690 dan 0,707 yang artinya hubungan antara kedua variabel tergolong kuat dengan arah korelasi positif. Kesimpulan Ada Hubungan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif Terhadap Pertumbuhan Pada Balita Usia 9-24 Bulan di Desa Dukuh, Bayat
Yemeni relations with the central Islamic authorities : (9-233/630-847); a political history.
No full textA Survey of Quality Engineering-ManagementJournals by Bibliometric Indicators
No full textThis paper analyses some of the most popular scientific journals in the Quality field from the point of view of three bibliometric indicators: the Hirsch (h) index for journals, the total number of citations and the h-spectrum. In particular, h-spectrum is a novel tool based on h, making it possible to (i) identify a reference profile of the typical authors of a journal; (ii) compare different journals; and (iii) provide a rough indication of their ‘bibliometric positioning' in the scientific community. Results of this analysis can be helpful for guiding potential authors and members of the scientific community in the Quality Engineering/Management area. A large amount of empirical data are presented and discusse
Visualizing the Marrow of Science
No full textThis study proposes a new methodology that allows for
the generation of scientograms of major scientific domains,
constructed on the basis of cocitation of Institute
of Scientific Information categories, and pruned using
PathfinderNetwork, with a layout determined by algorithms
of the spring-embedder type (Kamada–Kawai),
then corroborated structurally by factor analysis. We
present the complete scientogram of the world for the
Year 2002. It integrates the natural sciences, the social
sciences, and arts and humanities. Its basic structure
and the essential relationships therein are revealed,
allowing us to simultaneously analyze the macrostructure,
microstructure, and marrow of worldwide scientific
output
The Visitors
No full text157 pagesMFA theses in English Language and Literature are not available for direct download. Users wishing to access an MFA thesis in this collection may request access by clicking the link to the restricted file(s) and completing the request form. If we have contact information for the author, we will contact them and request permission to provide access. If we do not have contact information or the author denies or does not respond to our inquiry, we will not be able to provide access.A novel that follows four women from Karachi, Pakistan, estranged friends who come back together in the wake of a tragedy in one of their lives.10000-01-0
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