48 research outputs found
Inhibitory activity of ginger rhizome on airway and uterine smooth muscle preparations
No full textIn this study, we describe the tracheal-relaxant and tocolytic activities of the methanol (ME) and aqueous (AQ) crude extracts of ginger (rhizome of Zingiber officinale) in an attempt to rationalize its traditional use in disorders of airways and uterine hyperactivity. Both of the ginger extracts dose-dependently relaxed K+ (80 mM) and carbachol (CCh, 1 μM)-induced contractions with more potency against K+, similar to that elicited by verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker. In isolated uterine preparations, the extracts suppressed the K+-induced contractions with respective EC50 values of 0.03 mg/ml (0.02–0.05, 95% CI) and 0.05 mg/ml (0.04–0.06). Activity-directed fractionation of AQ yielded an organic and an aqueous fraction with the activities concentrated in the former. Both the crude extracts were found safe in mice up to the oral dose of 5 g/kg when tested for acute toxicity for 24 h. The study shows that ginger possesses tracheal and uterine smooth muscle relaxant activity, possibility mediated via Ca2+ channel blockade, justifying its use in disorders such as asthma, cough as well as in dysmenorrhoea and uterine and menstrual spasms and congestion
Contractile Effect of Radish and Betel Nut Extracts on Rabbit Gallbladder
No full textRaphanus sativus (abbreviated in this paper as Rs.Cr) and Areca catechu (Ac.Cr), commonly known as radish and betel nut respectively, are traditionally used in South Asia for different gastrointestinal, gallbladder, and hepatic diseases. There has not been any study to see how they modulate gallbladder contractility. We selected isolated rabbit gallbladder tissue preparations, mounted them in tissue baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 °C, and then recorded the changes in baseline tone of the tissues upon administration of Rs.Cr and Ac.Cr. Both the extracts exhibited concentration-dependent stimulant effect on the baseline tone of gallbladder tissues, similar to carbachol, a muscarinic receptor agonist. The stimulant effect of the extract, as well as that of carbachol, was completely blocked in the presence of atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, indicating similarity in the mechanism of action of the extracts with carbachol. The result shows potential of these extracts to contract the gallbladder and to subsequently increase bile secretion, but this remains to be investigated in detail. This study justifies the traditional use of radish and betel nut in different gastrointestinal disorders
Trial-by-Trial Adaptation of Movements during Mental Practice under Force Field
No full textHuman nervous system tries to minimize the effect of any external perturbing force by bringing modifications in the internal model. These modifications affect the subsequent motor commands generated by the nervous system. Adaptive compensation along with the appropriate modifications of internal model helps in reducing human movement errors. In the current study, we studied how motor imagery influences trial-to-trial learning in a robot-based adaptation task. Two groups of subjects performed reaching movements with or without motor imagery in a velocity-dependent force field. The results show that reaching movements performed with motor imagery have relatively a more focused generalization pattern and a higher learning rate in training direction
COLLABORATION AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PREVENTION SYSTEMS AND THE HEREDITARY DETERMINANTS OF CORONARY SUPPLY PATHWAY ILLNESS ON CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK ASPECTS
No full textAn ever-increasing number of people suffering from coronary degeneration are seeking help. Preventive interferences for diabetes may recover cardiometabolic odds variables, but this is uncertain whether benefits of CFRs are virtually the same for people with dissimilar hereditary risks for coronary corridor disease. We developed a polygenic risk score of 206 varieties for coronary vein disease and worked with diabetes delivery methods on one-year changes in CFRs in 2,670 individuals in the diabetes program. In addition, we examined whether separate lifestyle rehearsals were associated with the DRP on CFR changes at each support meeting. Individuals in the two lifestyle and metformin mediation groups achieved greater improvements in most CFRs, rather than false treatment (P0.06). Our current research was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from October 2018 to September 2019. We distinguished huge and important exchanges between CFRs and dietary superiority and physical development on a one-year modification in weight record, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDLc in persons randomized to metformin or a counterfeit treatment, none of whom attained various test modifications for criticality anyway. This investigation asserts that protective interventions for diabetes recover CRFs with little concern for the innate danger of coronary vein disease, and provides a theory that provides data on the changing benefit of expanded physical movement and improved diet on moderate cardiovascular danger aspects dependent on an exceptional inherited danger profile for coronary artery disease.
Key words: Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiometabolic, Risk Aspects
Exploring Cultural Nuances in the Translation of the Novel Rohzin
No full textThe translation process establishes a link between two cultures. Cultural traditions establish connections with other cultures via the translation process. It is the process of recomposing the author's original document's concepts. The translator conveys the entire meaning of the original document in paragraphs when translating its ideas. It is a difficult endeavour to gain exposure to other cultures. The process of translating presents challenges for the translators. Consequently, every translator must be bilingual. Merely possessing bilingualism does not suffice; translators must also possess an in-depth understanding of every cultural facet associated with the languages in which they are proficient. They must be conversant in idioms, proverbs, collocations, and cliches, as well as vocabulary, grammar, and meaning variation that distinguish the target language from the source language. The translation of cultural terms presents a formidable challenge for the translators. The meanings of these terms vary across different cultures. As a result, they are generating significant difficulties due to the absence of equivalent terms in the target language. Thus, translators employ methods that facilitate the accurate and effortless translation of textual messages. The translator is responsible for conveying cultural elements and meaning from one language to another. The translator bears the onus of accurately translating the work. During the translation process, translators are permitted to use techniques such as transference, addition, and deletion. A quality translation is invariably the result of competent translators. This study fills the research gap concerning the translation of culturally specific items (CSI) from Urdu to English, with a particular focus on literary translation. Culturally specific terms (CSIs) refer to particular concepts or phenomena. The translator must make a decision regarding whether to retain, modify, clarify, or substitute these matters in the target text. The translation of CSIs may affect the intelligibility, acceptability, fidelity, cultural significance, and literary value of the target text. This study investigates the translation of the Urdu novel Rohzin which is translated by Naqvi (2022)
Intestinal, Airway, and Cardiovascular Relaxant Activities of Thymoquinone
No full textThymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component found in many medicinal herbs. In this study, we report the smooth and cardiac muscle relaxant activities of this compound. TQ concentration dependently suppressed spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum while also relaxed high K+-(80 mM) induced contractions in jejunum and guinea-pig ileum, indicating activity at voltage-operated Ca++ channels (VOCC). Further, TQ displaced Ca++ concentration-response curves, obtained in a Ca++-free environment, to the right, showing blockade of VOCC. Similar activity was observed with verapamil, a standard VOCC blocker. TQ also exhibited nonadrenergic relaxation of agonist-induced contractions in guinea-pig trachea. When tested in fluo-4-loaded mouse lung slices, TQ inhibited ACh-induced airway narrowing and Ca++ signalling in airway smooth muscle cells. In endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat aorta, TQ inhibited high K+-induced contractions at significantly lower concentrations than phenylephrine-(PE-) (1 microM) induced contractions. Relaxation of PE-induced contractions was resistant to blockade by L-NAME and atropine. In guinea-pig atria, TQ showed noncholinergic relaxation of atrial force and rate of contractions. These data suggest smooth and cardiac muscle relaxant activity of TQ possibly mediated, in part, via blockade of VOCC. The results also justify the use of TQ containing plants in related health disorders like colic, diarrhoea, cough, and asthma
