36 research outputs found
UPAYA KONSERVASI INDONESIA ATAS SUMBER DAYA IKAN DI LAUT LEPAS
No full textThe principle of freedom of fishing on the high seas was recognized as one of the principles in customary international law, the Geneva Convention on the High Seas1958, and Part VII of UNCLOS 1982. Regarding to thehigh level of utilization of fish led to the crisis of fishery resources, then the responsible fisheries management becomes a common agenda of the international community. Thisresearch is a normative legal research, data collection was done through studyliterature and documentaries on the primary and secondarylegal materials related to this problem.After conductedthe identification and classification of the data, then data was analysed normatively. There are some international conventions as a basis for maintainingthe conservation of fish on the high seas. UNCLOS 1982, the 1993 FAO Compliance Agreement, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) in 1995, the IPOA-IUU Fishing, 2001. The result showed thatIndonesia has had several regulations concerning to fisheries, such as Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning to Fisheries and Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning to Fisheries, and the Minister of Marine and Fisheries Regulation Number PER.03/MEN/2009 on Fishing and/or Transporting Fish on the High Seas and the Ministerial Regulation Number Per.12/Men/2012 concerning toEnterprises Capture Fishery on the High Seas. The Government of Indonesia should be able to take advantage of such participation and to improve the exchange of information, data, research fisheries, combating illegal arrests, and other forms of cooperation.Keywords: High Seas, Fish Resources, Indonesia, conservation</p
Law diversities for climate change: legal pluralism and climate governance in Indonesia
No full textThis study explores global governance dynamics affecting climate change governance in Indonesia, focusing on legal pluralism as a framework for integrating state law, customary law and Islamic law. Considering the context of legal diversity, this study investigates the emergence of models of climate change governance approaches in Indonesia after the 2015 Paris Agreement, specifically examining the consequences of climate change governance on legal mechanisms related to the climate crisis in Indonesia. The study then specifically analyzes ocean-based solutions, highlighting the importance of a focused concentration on climate change governance and legal frameworks in Indonesia. The process of formulating regulations in Indonesia is mainly top-down and neglects to consider the socio-economic rules of the society. As a result, the role of communities at the grassroots level or other social groups is not represented. Therefore, the formulation of Indonesia's NDC policy documents, especially those related to the forest and land use (FOLU) sector, is recommended to increase the inclusiveness of local communities, local governments, and non-governmental organizations. The current paradigm of legal pluralism has the opportunity to improve climate change governance in Indonesia. Climate change policies through international law can be integrated into state law, customary law, and Islamic law in Indonesia in a harmonious way
Equal Access to the Vaccination of Covid-19 in Southeast Asia: Can ASEAN be a Catalyst?
No full textSince the time Covid-19 was discovered in Southeast Asia, around 2.5 million people have been infected and more than 54 thousand have died by early March 2021. Even though ASEAN members have followed most of the WHO recommendations to deal with Covid-19, cases are still liable to increase. Therefore, vaccine utilization is the best chance which people believe in to fight the pandemic for now. However, the vaccine’s availability and distribution are a dilemma for the ASEAN member countries. Therefore, this article aims to determine the possibility of ASEAN’s role in creating equal access to the Covid-19 vaccine for everyone. According to the juridical normative research, ASEAN is committed to protect and promote human rights and to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). On that basis, the organization tends to play an important role in Covid-19 vaccination in Southeast Asia by cooperating with its partners to research and create the required vaccine
Membangun Pengelolaan Perikanan Laut Bebas Di Asia Tenggara Yang Berorientasi Pada Keberlanjutan
No full textLaut bebas merupakan rezim hukum laut yang bebas dimanfaatkan oleh negara
manapun, termasuk perikanannya. Namun nyatanya, yang mampu melakukan
penangkapan ikan di laut bebas hanyalah negara-negara yang maju secara teknologi
dan finansial. Besarnya potensi perikanan laut bebas berbanding lurus dengan
tingginya ancaman yang harus dihadapi, misalnya overfishing dan destructive fishing.
Krisis sumberdaya ikan pun tidak bisa dihindari di sebagian besar wilayah di dunia,
tidak terkecuali Asia Tenggara, juga harus merasakan dampak pengurangan stok
perikanan. Sektor perikanan begitu penting bagi perekonomian regional dan ketahanan
pangan di Asia Tenggara. ASEAN sebenarnya sudah mempunyai sebuah kebijakan
yang mendukung perikanan laut bebas yang berkelanjutan, yaitu ASEAN Tuna Ecolabelling
(ATEL). ATEL ini akan memastikan bahwa penangkapan ikan dilakukan
tanpa merusak ekosistem maupun lingkungan laut. Meskipun demikian, ASEAN
masih perlu membangun konsep pengelolaan perikanan laut bebas yang sesuai dengan
prinsip common heritage of all mankind. Konsep sharing benefit dapat diadopsi oleh
ASEAN untuk menjamin perikanan laut bebas dapat dinikmati oleh semua negara di
Asia Tenggara
MEMBANGUN PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN LAUT BEBAS DI ASIA TENGGARA YANG BERORIENTASI PADA KEBERLANJUTAN
No full textHigh seas is an ocean legal regime that is free access to every states, including the use of its fisheries. Yet, in fact, fishing on the high seas is dominated by in part of all countries, which are developed countries or at least states with advance technology and finance. The vast potential of high seas fisheries is in line with the high of threat that must be faced, for examples overfishing and destructive fishing. The majority regionals of the world are going through fisheries crisis as well as decreasing of fish stocks in Southeast Asia. Fisheries sector is so important within Southeast Asia, either in economic interest or food security. In fact, ASEAN already have policy that support the sustainability of fisheries on the high seas, namely ASEAN Tuna Eco-Labelling (ATEL). Through this policy will make sure fishing activity is done without making any destruction to the ecosystem and ocean environment. However, ASEAN still need to develop a concept of high seas fisheries management that in line with common heritage of all mankind principle. Sharing benefit concept can be adopted to guarantee that high seas fisheries can be enjoyed by all of states in Southeast Asia
Bisnis Dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Apa Yang Dilakukan Asean?
No full textMultinational corporations (MNCs) are business actors who have activities beyond a country's boundaries. This MNCs activities cannot be denied to have an influence on human social life, one of them is human rights. With those regards, regulations at international level have difficulties, because MNCs have not been recognized as the subject of international law. Furthermore, in the context of human rights, MNCs cannot be held accountable, because in this case only the country as the duty bearer of human rights. These conditions make no rules that can bind MNCs behavior to human rights. This article will focus on discussing how the international community takes action on business and human rights issues and the measures that ASEAN can take to engage in business and human rights issues in Southeast Asia. Although, there are some international rules that are born from various international cooperation, but the nature of the rule is the majority of soft law. These business and human rights issues became the international community's attention for a long time until finally the United Nations (UN) Representative made UN Guiding Principles, which also known as Ruggie's Principles. Southeast Asia through AICHR can take several actions to advance the protection of human rights related to business activities as contained in UNGPs and Ruggie's principles, such as AICHR can undertake study literature, encourage Member States to take effective action, engage in dialogue and consultation with organs of ASEAN, community organizations, and other stakeholders, and create a binding legal instrument concerning business and human rights.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) merupakan pelaku bisnis yang memiliki aktivitas melewati batas suatu negara. Kegiatan MNCs ini tidak bisa dipungkiri memiliki pengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial manusia, salah satunya hak asasi manusia (HAM). Pengaturan di tingkat internasional mengalami kesulitan, karena MNCs belum diakui sebagai subjek hukum internasional. Kemudian dalam konteks HAM, MNCs tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban, karena dalam hal ini hanya negaralah sebagai pemegang kewajiban (duty bearer) HAM. Kondisi tersebut membuat tidak ada aturan yang mengikat perilaku MNc terhadap HAM. Artikel ini akan fokus mendiskusikan bagaimana masyarakat internasional mengambil tindakan terhadap permasalahan bisnis dan HAM serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh ASEAN untuk ikut membicarakan bisnis dan HAM di Asia Tenggara. Meskipun, ada beberapa aturan internasional yang lahir dari berbagai kerjasama internasional, tetapi sifat dari aturan tersebut mayoritas soft law. Persoalan bisnis dan HAM ini menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional dalam jangka waktu yang lama hingga pada akhirnya Perwakilan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) membuat UN Guiding Principles yang juga dikenal sebagai Ruggies Principles. Asia Tenggara melalui AICHR dapat melakukan beberapa langkah untuk memajukan perlindungan HAM yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas bisnis seperti yang tertuang di dalam UNGPs dan Ruggies principles, seperti AICHR dapat melakukan study literature, mendorong negara-negara anggota untuk mengambil tindakan yang efektif, melaksanakan dialog dan konsultasi dengan organ-organ ASEAN, organisasi kemasyarakatan, dan stakeholder yang lain, serta membuat instrument hukum yang mengikat tentang bisnis dan HAM
Legal Instruments On Marine Plastic Litter In The EU And ASEAN
No full textMarine plastic litter represents a transboundary and oceanic health concern that has emerged as a collective responsibility of all countries. Consequently, all countries, including regional member states, must collaborate to assume an active role in developing solutions to this challenge. Regional agreements play a pivotal role in facilitating the implementation of policies and initiatives. However, there is currently no comprehensive global treaty in place to address the issue of marine litter and plastic pollution. With regard to the European Union, the European Commission has adopted a legislative framework with the objective of reducing the pollution of the marine environment caused by plastic. Furthermore, ASEAN Member States have expressed concern regarding marine plastic pollution and have continued to enhance their comprehension of the pertinent issues. Nevertheless, the current legal instruments employed to combat plastic waste in the Southeast Asia region are not legally binding. This paper therefore focuses on exploring the ASEAN approach to marine plastic debris based on ASEAN legislative and policy documents. Regional policies tend to adopt a holistic approach to the problem, focusing on the causal stages of the plastic waste emergency. However, binding regional policies in the EU are more targeted. This paper compares the strategies adopted by ASEAN and the policies adopted by the EU to address marine plastic debris. Therefore, every chairman of ASEAN must be a consistent advocate for the resolution of the marine plastic debris problem in Southeast Asia
Implementation of Countermeasures Effort of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia (Case Study on Sinking the FV Viking Vessel)
No full textGeographically almost 70% of Indonesian territory consists of waters that potentially storing an amazing wealth of the sea, and the biggest is on fisheries sector. Illegal fishing that was done by foreign vessels in Indonesian territorial waters was estimated giving loss to Indonesia around 1 million ton/year (Rp 30 trillion/year). Indonesian government has decided to take policy in doing sinking illegal fishing vessels for the actors of illegal fishing in Indonesia. How is the relevance of international law with the law on sinking foreign vessels in Indonesia and the implementation on the regulation of sinking FV Viking Vessel. The research on this paper is normative legal research, and research method library research also documenter not only to the primary sources but also to secondary sources that related with the problem on this research. After the identification and classification process, the problem will be normatively analyzed using the data. Illegal fishing is not only affecting the economy aspect but also affecting the other aspects, such as state sovereignty, social, as well as environmental of the sea. The law of sinking illegal fishing vessels is not contradicting and still considered relevant with International law, either UNCLOS 1982, IPOA-IUU Fishing or CCRF. An FV Viking vessel was caught by TNI AL working with Norwegian Interpol at Indonesian ZEE. FV Viking vessel was entering to Indonesian territory without doing the obligation to reporting their identity and the navigation data. Moreover, this vessel does not have the License on Fishing. The sinking vessel is better not using the bombing method but using the method of burning the vessels with oil fuels thus it will be more cost saving. Sinking illegal fishing vessels is supposed to be done after there is a judgment from the court
