460 research outputs found
Composted Sugarcane By‐product Press Mud Cake Supports Wheat Growth and Improves Soil Properties
No full textRestoring soil fertility is essential to sustain crop production in order to meet the needs of the ever-blooming population. In this light, the present investigation was carried on the same soil for two consecutive years (2014-15 and 2015-16) in Punjab, Pakistan, to determine the influence of press mud compost (PMC) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on wheat growth, yield and soil properties. The experiment was composed of an unfertilized control and five inter-exchanging combinations of NPK and PMC (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). 100% PMC (900 kg ha-1) was intermediate in wheat growth and yield between unfertilized and 100% NPK, this latter being the recommended dose of mineral nutrients (120, 100 and 60 kg ha-1 of the respective N, P2O5, and K2O). The 50:50 combinations of NPK and PMC determined the best growth and final yield (+19% vs. 100% NPK), despite an approximately 40% lower nutrient supply with respect to 100% NPK. Soils traits bulk density, pH, organic matter, total N, and available nutrients P and K significantly improved with 100% PMC. Based on the ANOVA, the 50:50 combinations of NPK and PMC was no worse than 100% PMC in bulk density, available P and K, and it was a good compromise between 100% NPK and 100% PMC in organic matter content. Therefore, conjunctive use of PMC and NPK fertilizers appeared a good choice to improve wheat productivity and soil properties. Additionally, the use of PMC will lower the reliance on mineral fertilizers while restoring soil fertility and assuring environmental protection
Combined cultivar and harvest time to enhance biomass and methane yield in sorghum under warm dry conditions in Pakistan
No full textMethane from agricultural biomass contributes to achieving self-reliance and sustainability in alternative energy sources. In this framework, a two-year experiment was set up in Punjab, Pakistan, combining four cultivars (CV) of biomass sorghum with five harvest times (HT) (from 60 to 120 days after sowing) (DAS). HT and CV, both alone and together strongly influenced morphological, compositional and yield traits. Dual purpose (grain and biomass) CV (Jawar-2011 and JS-263) attained higher dry biomass yield (DBY) than fibre CV (Hagari and JS-2002) (+22%), possibly due to a stronger sink for assimilates at late growth stages. Delayed harvest (120 vs. 60 DAS) determined the largest differences in all traits: increase in DBY (+48% DBY), hemi-cellulose (+80%),
cellulose (+85%) and lignin (+41%), and concurrent decrease in protein (−22%) and ash (−28%). These compositional changes indicate a strengthening in plant structure with advancing maturity that negatively reflected on specific methane yield (SMY) (−17%). However, average SMY obtained with sorghum in the warm dry conditions of Pakistan (290 lN kg−1 VS) is consistent with data observed at higher latitudes under temperate climate. The significant HT×CV interactions for DBY, SMY and their product, methane yield per hectare, were fitted by means of functions describing CV trends in time. Based on this, suitable combinations of HT and CV can be envisaged to balance methane yield and bio-degradability over a reasonable harvest window. On concluding, data obtained in this experiment disclose favourable prospects for sorghum as bio-methane feedstock in warm dry areas of the world
Cognizance of Color Blindness in University-Girls-Hostel Residents
No full textThe main purpose of the study was awareness about color blindness, its causes and impact on health in university-girls-hostel residents. Eighty students joined in this study. All the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Khadija hall girl’s hostel were involved in that study in which they were asked about color blindness it provides answers like is color blindness a viral infection or a bacterial disease, metabolic disease. Any one of you your family and friends have ever suffered from this disease? How can we treat it with the use of medicines or surgery? It is shifted genetically or by blood transfusion contact. Which they were asked about color blindness disease type and it’s diagnose and how it can be controlled either by surgery or medicines or no need of its treatment and how it spreads and family friends history of this disease. A survey was done by the awareness about color blindness its reasons and effect on health. A survey was done by the awareness about color blindness its reasons and effect on health. The statistical analysis was done by using MS word. Above study showed that majority of students said that AIDS is a bacterial disease rather than fungal disease. 67.5% of students claimed it as a bacterial disease but 36.25% said that it is not a genetically transferred disease. 53.75% of students had this disease
Docking Study of Altered Nelfinavir & Indinavir with Protease of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
No full textNelfinavir and Indinavir are protease inhibitors that function against HIV-1 (HIV-1). Protease inhibitors act by preventing HIV's protease enzyme from functioning. Infectious HIV-1 protease enzyme is proteolytic enzyme in nature that transforms virus causing polyprotein precursors into particular functional proteins. Nelfinavir and Indinavir bind to the protease's active site and prevent it from working. This inhibitor prevents the breaking of virus causing polyproteins, preventing the growth of immature and the non-infectious virus causing particles. However, protease inhibitors are always utilized with at least two further drugs which are anti-HIV drugs. Using the pubchem database from NCBI, we used docking techniques to find the structures of Indinavir and nelfinavir. Then used ds4.1 to modify it then open in auto dock or pay mole to see their attachment after docking with protein
Mulberry based zinc nano-particles mitigate salinity induced toxic effects and improve the grain yield and zinc bio-fortification of wheat by improving antioxidant activities, photosynthetic performance, and accumulation of osmolytes and hormones
No full textSalinity stress (SS) is a challenging abiotic stress that limits crop growth and productivity. Sustainable and cost effective methods are needed to improve crop production and decrease the deleterious impacts of SS. Zinc (Zn) nano-particles (NPs) have emerged as an important approach to regulating plant tolerance against SS. However, the mechanisms of SS tolerance mediated by Zn-NPs are not fully explained. Thus, this study was performed to explore the role of Zn-NPs (seed priming and foliar spray) in reducing the deleterious impacts of SS on wheat plants. The study comprised different SS levels: control, 6 and 12 dS m(−1), and different Zn-NPs treatments: control, seed priming (40 ppm), foliar spray (20 ppm), and their combination. Salinity stress markedly reduced plant growth, biomass, and grain yield. This was associated with enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) accumulation, reduced photosynthetic pigments, relative water contents (RWC), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomata conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), free amino acids (FAA), total soluble protein (TSP), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, N, and P). However, the application of Zn-NPs significantly improved the yield of the wheat crop, which was associated with reduced abscisic acid (ABA), MDA, H(2)O(2) concentration, and EL, owing to improved antioxidant activities, and an increase in RWC, Pn, Tr, WUE, and the accumulation of osmoregulating compounds (proline, soluble sugars, TSP, and FAA) and hormones (GA and IAA). Furthermore, Zn-NPs contrasted the salinity-induced uptake of toxic ions (Na and Cl) and increased the uptake of Ca, K, Mg, N, and P. Additionally, Zn-NPs application substantially increased the wheat grain Zn bio-fortification. Our results support previous findings on the role of Zn-NPs in wheat growth, yield, and grain Zn bio-fortification, demonstrating that beneficial effects are obtained under normal as well as adverse conditions, thanks to improved physiological activity and the accumulation of useful compounds. This sets the premise for general use of Zn-NPs in wheat, to which aim more experimental evidence is intensively being sought. Further studies are needed at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic level to better acknowledge the mechanisms of general physiological enhancement observed with Zn-NPs application
Assessing nitrate contamination risks in groundwater : a machine learning approach
No full textGroundwater is one of the primary sources for the daily water requirements of the masses, but it is subjected to contamination due to the pollutants, such as nitrate, percolating through the soil with water. Especially in built-up areas, groundwater vulnerability and contamination are of major concern, and require appropriate consideration. The present study develops a novel framework for assessing groundwater nitrate contamination risk for the area along the Karakoram Highway, which is a part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) route in northern Pakistan. A groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using the DRASTIC model. The nitrate concentration data from a previous study were used to formulate the nitrate contamination map. Three machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to analyze the probability of groundwater contamination incidence. Furthermore, groundwater contamination probability maps were obtained utilizing the ensemble modeling approach. The models were calibrated and validated through calibration trials, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (AUC), where a minimum AUC threshold value of 80% was achieved. Results indicated the accuracy of the models to be in the range of 0.82–0.87. The final groundwater contamination risk map highlights that 34% of the area is moderately vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and 13% of the area is exposed to high groundwater contamination risk. The findings of this study can facilitate decision-making regarding the location of future built-up areas properly in order to mitigate the nitrate contamination that can further reduce the associated health risks. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record*
KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN : (Studi Tematik Q.S. Al-Baqarah Ayat 151, Q.S. Ali Imran Ayat 164, dan Q.S. Al-Jumu’ah ayat 2)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kurikulum yang sesuai dengan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an dengan mengacu pada beberapa kitab tafsir, serta memberikan gambaran informasi tentang kurikulum pendidikan yang tercantum dalam Al-Qur’an surah Al Baqarah ayat 151, surat Ali Imran ayat 164, dan surat Al Jumuah ayat 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan model penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yang menghasilkan data-data yang deskriptif yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif. Berbekal metode penelitian tersebut diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan informasi dan wawasan bagi para peneliti bidang Al-Qur’an dan tafsir tentang pendidikan dalam Al-Qur’an, serta sebagai sumbangsih kajian karya ilmiah yang bersumber dari Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penafsiran ayat-ayat pendidikan berdasarkan kitab tafsir dan memberikan gambaran empat komponen kurikulum pada ayat-ayat tersebut. Penelitian penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi para pendidik bahwasanya nilai-nilai dalam Al-Qur‘an berhasil menyajikan kurikulum yang sesuai dengan ayat-ayat tersebut dan menghasilkan luaran pendidikan yang cemerlang sebagaimana Nabi Muhammad dan para sahabat beliau menjadi generasi terbaik yang terjauhkan dari kesesatan yang nyataPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kurikulum yang sesuai dengan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an dengan mengacu pada beberapa kitab tafsir, serta memberikan gambaran informasi tentang kurikulum pendidikan yang tercantum dalam Al-Qur’an surah Al Baqarah ayat 151, surat Ali Imran ayat 164, dan surat Al Jumuah ayat 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan model penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yang menghasilkan data-data yang deskriptif yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif. Berbekal metode penelitian tersebut diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan informasi dan wawasan bagi para peneliti bidang Al-Qur’an dan tafsir tentang pendidikan dalam Al-Qur’an, serta sebagai sumbangsih kajian karya ilmiah yang bersumber dari Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penafsiran ayat-ayat pendidikan berdasarkan kitab tafsir dan memberikan gambaran empat komponen kurikulum pada ayat-ayat tersebut. Penelitian penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi para pendidik bahwasanya nilai-nilai dalam Al-Qur‘an berhasil menyajikan kurikulum yang sesuai dengan ayat-ayat tersebut dan menghasilkan luaran pendidikan yang cemerlang sebagaimana Nabi Muhammad dan para sahabat beliau menjadi generasi terbaik yang terjauhkan dari kesesatan yang nyata
Bio-fabricated bismuth-based materials for removal of emerging environmental contaminants from wastewater
No full textAlthough rapid industrialization has made life easier for humans, several associated issues are emerging and harming the environment. Wastewater is regarded as one of the key problems of the 21st century due to its massive production every year and requires immediate attention from all stakeholders to protect the environment. Since the introduction of nanotechnology, bismuth-based nanomaterials have been used in variety of applications. Various techniques, such as hydrothermal, solvo-thermal and biosynthesis, have been reported for synthesizing these materials, etc. Among these, biosynthesis is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and less toxic than conventional chemical methods. The prime focuses of this review are to elaborate biosynthesis of bismuth-based nanomaterials via bio-synthetic agents such as plant, bacteria and fungi and their application in wastewater treatment as anti-pathogen/photocatalyst for pollutant degradation. Besides this, future perspectives have been presented for the upcoming research in this field, along with concluding remarks.No Full Tex
Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis
No full textBilal Aslam,1 Wei Wang,2 Muhammad Imran Arshad,3 Mohsin Khurshid,1,4 Saima Muzammil,1 Muhammad Hidayat Rasool,1 Muhammad Atif Nisar,1 Ruman Farooq Alvi,1 Muhammad Aamir Aslam,2 Muhammad Usman Qamar,1 Muhammad Khalid Farooq Salamat,5 Zulqarnain Baloch6 1Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China; 3Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 5Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; 6College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Abstract: The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance has been ascribed to the misuse of these agents and due to unavailability of newer drugs attributable to exigent regulatory requirements and reduced financial inducements. Comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial agents. Multidisciplinary approaches are required across health care settings as well as environment and agriculture sectors. Progressive alternate approaches including probiotics, antibodies, and vaccines have shown promising results in trials that suggest the role of these alternatives as preventive or adjunct therapies in future. Keywords: antibiotics, multidrug resistance, evolution, alternative therapie
Correction to: Music of metagenomics—a review of its applications, analysis pipeline, and associated tools (Functional & Integrative Genomics, (2022), 22, 1, (3-26), 10.1007/s10142-021-00810-y)
No full textThe co-author Imran Wajid would like to update his second affiliation address to “School of Social Sciences, Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey”. The original article has been corrected
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