492 research outputs found
Proposal for a New Economic Framework Based On Islamic Principles
Get PDFThis book provides a holistic socio-economic framework working in conformity with the Islamic principles. Chapter 2 builds the ground for the proposed framework by discussing the foundations of the ethical precepts of Islam. It discusses the thesis of religion, answers some of the questions in the comparative study of religion and tries to resolve few of the misconceptions about the faith of Islam. Chapter 3 outlines the economic teachings of Islam with regard to earning and spending. It discusses at length the ideals Islam set before its adherents in the ethical sphere of life. The ethical principles are discussed based on the study of relevant Quranic text and the narrations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Chapter 4 studies the comparative economic systems. It analyzes Capitalism, Socialism, Mixed Economy and Islamic economic system. Chapter 5 introduces the salient features of the proposed economic framework with special focus on fiscal reforms. It discusses the potential of the institution of Zakat to meet fiscal needs of the government and to assist it in doing away with deficit financing, fiscal bleeding, crowding out private sector and reducing deadweight loss by parting the way with private sector so as to ensure market economy operating on its own as far as possible and playing an active regulatory role. Chapter 6 introduces the monetary reforms. It discusses how savings would feature despite discontinuation of interest, how inflation will be checked with central banks not having at their disposal conventional OMO, how liquidity will be managed in banking sector when a central bank wants to inject liquidity or mop up funds. How and to what extent the institution of Zakat would enable the government to meet its fiscal targets and does not crowd out private sector with public borrowing. How balance of payments and exchange rate stability can be managed in an interest free economy. If in the short term, the government or central bank needs alternative source of revenue other than Zakat, they can issue GDP linked bonds. This could replace T-bill and provide a base instrument for OMO and liquidity management in the banking and financial sector. Chapter 7 introduces the currently practiced Islamic Banking and Finance. Since Islamic economic principles have more prominently been used in banking and finance, much of the discussion centers on Islamic banking and finance in lieu of analyzing the existing practices and then in the next chapter, preferable alternatives in areas where shortcoming is observed and need for improvement is felt are suggested. Chapter 8 discusses the financial system in the proposed framework with the role of institutions and the discussion on comprehensive need fulfillment mechanisms to serve every major need of a sophisticated contemporary financial system. Some important novel changes are recommended, such as introduction of options in mortgage financing, which will allow the bank to separate the tenancy and sale contract in a distinctive way. This will still ensure that it locks the sale with the borrower or with the third party without making both contracts dependent on each other. It will benefit the bank as well as the borrower, who will have an option but not an obligation to buy the asset at maturity. The modified role of bank entering in a Mudarabah contract as a “Rabb-ul-maal” (investor) will ensure that the bank takes on operational risk. It will enable the resources to go into productive avenues rather than in financial instruments. This modification will generate employment and productive activities in the economy in a more direct manner. The division of Mudarabah corporate and Mudarabah consumer will target two very distinct markets and will result in channeling of funds from saving surplus units to saving-deficient units. Reforms in equity markets and alternatives for insurance are also suggested. Chapter 9 introduces feasibility and structure of Micro credit as an alternative for interest based micro finance. It discusses how the potential obstacles in the form of lack of trust, funding commitment, lack of collateral arrangement, lack of documentation etc would be handled.Interest Free Economy, Islamic Economy, Islamic Economic System, Islamic Monetary Policy, Islamic Fiscal Policy, Interest, Zakat, Riba, Usury, Development, Redistribution, Economic Systems, Financial System, Financial Intermediation, Saving, Investment.
RF sensing for healthcare applications
No full textThe radio frequency (RF) sensing is an evolving technique in the field of healthcare sector. This chapter covers various RF sensing technologies as support for healthcare applications. Initially, the detection, monitoring, and working function of this technology is discussed, covering insight of signal processing of the various sensing devices and artificial intelligence-based algorithms. The applications of radio frequency wireless sensing considering remote healthcare sector include falls, FOG, breath detection, and walking behavior leverage movement induced by a subject to determine the abnormalities due to disease related to body motion. Majority of the radio frequency sensing systems that encounter numerous challenges should be addressed in order to provide the reliable healthcare solutions. The chapter provides some of them. It also provides a brief background into three widely used radio frequency sensing systems, namely Wi-Fi, radar, and radio-frequency identification sensing systems. The chapter also discusses their different parameters
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
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Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
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[Muhammad Ibn Abi ‘Amir’s Political Involvement According to The Chronicle Of Ibn Hayyan Al-Qurtubi] Penglibatan Politik Muhammad Ibn Abi ‘Amir Menurut Catatan Ibn Hayyan Al-Qurtubi
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Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir was a de facto leader of al-Andalus during the Umayyad rule based in Cordoba. Caliph al-Hakam II had appointed him to hold some political positions to strengthen Umayyad rule in Cordoba (al-Andalus) and al-Maghrib (North Africa). Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir’s political appointment was seen as a special position in Cordoba administration. This analysis is seen through the readings of the authoritative primary source written by Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi. Hence, the purpose of this article is to scrutinize Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi’s biography as an al-Andalus historian in the 5H/11AD Century in his work, al-Muqtabas fi Akhbar Balad al-Andalus. In addition, this research also describes the involvement of Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir in the Umayyad administration in Cordoba during the reign of Caliph al-Hakam II based on the chronicle of Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi. On the whole, this article is a qualitative research using historical study and content analysis in gathering and analyzing data from relevant primary and secondary sources. Based on Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi’s description in al-Muqtabas, this research argues that Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir was an authoritative political figure in 4H/10AD Century of the Umayyad rule in Cordoba. His political appointments were held in the fields, of administration, judiciary, military, security, international relations and finance. This research also concludes that Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi was a preeminent historian in al-Andalus through his work, al-Muqtabas fi Akhbar Balad al-Andalus, which is seen as his biggest contribution in the corpus of knowledge on Islamic history and civilization in al-Andalus.
Keywords: Political history, al-Andalus, Cordoba, Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir, Umayyad Caliphate, Caliph al-Hakam II, Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi
Abstrak
Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir ialah seorang pemimpin de facto al-Andalus pada zaman pemerintahan Kerajaan Umawiyyah di Cordoba. Pihak Khalifah al-Hakam II telah melantik beliau untuk menjawat beberapa jawatan politik utama bagi memperkukuh pengaruh Kerajaan Umawiyyah di Cordoba (al-Andalus) dan di al-Maghrib (Afrika Utara). Pelantikan politik Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir ini turut memperlihatkan kedudukan istimewa yang diterima beliau dalam pemerintahan di Cordoba. Pencerakinan tersebut dilihat menerusi penelaahan terhadap sumber primer berwewenang yang ditulis oleh Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi. Oleh itu, penulisan ini bertujuan untuk meneliti biografi Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi sebagai tokoh sejarawan al-Andalus pada abad ke-5H/11M melalui karyanya, al-Muqtabas fi Akhbar Balad al-Andalus. Di samping itu, kajian ini turut memerihalkan penglibatan Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir dalam Kerajaan Umawiyyah di Cordoba pada era pemerintahan Khalifah al-Hakam II berdasarkan catatan Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi. Secara keseluruhannya, artikel ini merupakan kajian kualitatif dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian sejarah dan analisis kandungan dalam mengumpul serta menganalisis maklumat daripada sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Berasaskan pemerian Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi dalam al-Muqtabas, kajian ini menghujahkan bahawa Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir ialah seorang tokoh politik berwibawa abad ke-4H/10M era Kerajaan Umawiyyah di Cordoba. Antara penglibatan politik yang disandang oleh Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir adalah meliputi bidang pentadbiran, kehakiman, ketenteraan, keselamatan, hubungan antarabangsa dan juga kewangan. Kajian ini turut menatijahkan Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtubi sebagai seorang tokoh sejarawan terulung di al-Andalus menerusi hasil karyanya, al-Muqtabas fi Akhbar Balad al-Andalus yang dilihat sebagai sumbangan terbesar beliau dalam korpus kelimuan sejarah dan tamadun Islam di al-Andalus.
Kata kunci: Sejarah politik, al-Andalus, Cordoba, Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Amir, Kerajaan Umawiyyah, Khalifah al-Hakam II, Ibn Hayyan al-Qurtub
The role of 6G and beyond for urban air mobility and utilising space systems for road to net-zero carbon
No full textNowadays almost everything is connected to everything, thanks to the rapid advancements in communication technology. On the one side, the industrial revolution is leading to more advancements in communication technology but at the same time, it is enormously increasing the carbon emissions. With the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), research is focussing on aerial transport systems that involve the dense deployment of both UAVs and personal aerial vehicles (PAVs) with human passengers utilising the space systems for road to net-zero carbon. In this regard, there is a need to evaluate the characteristics and performance indicators of modern communication technologies to enable researchers to work in the direction of reducing the carbon emissions. Although the major performance indicators of the fifth-generation mobile network (5G) have been enhanced to accommodate drone use cases for both high data rates and low latency applications, still, future aerial transport systems will require more stringent network key performance indicators to support the anticipated widespread deployment of aerial vehicles, taking into account factors such as network capacity and the distance between the base station and the aerial vehicles, among others. In this chapter, we lay forth our viewpoint, design principles, technical specifications, operational benchmarks, and key performance indicators for upcoming aerial wireless networks powered by 6G for urban air mobility (UAM). Furthermore, we review key-enabling technologies for communication that could be potential key players in achieving the net-zero carbon goals and discuss future challenges for incorporating aerial wireless networks in 6G. Moreover, it will also offer solutions for space systems utilised for reaching global net-zero targets
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The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
Using Artificial Intelligence for Text Screening in a Systematic Review of Cardiotoxicity
No full textAcknowledgments: Under the guidance of the authors, Sweta Samantaray (PhD) provided writing support for this manuscript, Sonia Philipose (PhD) provided editorial assistance, and Subrata Kar (PhD) provided QC support (all are employees of Pfizer Inc.). Author contributions: Steven E. Canfield had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Canfield, Aziz, Omar, N’Dow, Schijvenaars, Ghith, Molony, Stenzl. Acquisition of data: Aziz, Schijvenaars, Molony. Analysis and interpretation of data: Schijvenaars, Ghith, Riaz Ahmed, Stenzl. Drafting of the manuscript: Omar, Schijvenaars, Ghith, Riaz Ahmed. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: None. Obtaining funding: Ghith. Administrative, technical, or material support: Canfield, Aziz, Omar, N’Dow, Schijvenaars, Ghith, Riaz Ahmed, Molony, Stenzl. Supervision: N’Dow, Ghith, Riaz Ahmed, Stenzl. Other: None.Peer reviewe
Potret Wanita Yang diabadikan Dalam Al-Qur'an
No full textWanita adalah sosok makhluk yang sering dipandang lemah. Namun, di balik itu, wanita memiliki kekuatan yang dahsyat sehingga mampu mempengaruhi laki-laki yang terkuat sekalipun di zamannya.Dalam buku ini diceritakan 22 wanita yang diabadikan namanya di dalam AL-Qur'an, baik secara tersirat maupun yang harus kita jauhi sifatnya. Bagian pertama mengungkap 11 wanita yang disebutkan di dalam Al-Qur'an sebelum Nabi Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam diutus. Bagian kedua mengungkap 11 wanita yang disebutkan dalam Al-Qur'an setelah Nabi Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam diutus.Mereka adalah:1. Hawa, Ibu Umat Manusia 2. Istri Nabi Nuh a.s. 3. Istri Nabi Luth a.s. 4. Sarah, istri Nabi Ibrahim a.s. 5. Asiyah, istri Fir'aun 6. Ibu Nabi Musa a.s. 7. Shafura, istri Nabi Musa a.s. 8. Zulaikha, istri al-Aziz 9. Balqis, Ratu Saba 10. Hannah, istri Imran 11. Maryam Binti Imran 12. Ummu Kajjah 13. Ummu Kultsum 14. Raithah 15. Zainab binti Jahsy 16. Aisyah 17. Kahulah binti Tsa'labah 18. Maimunah binti Harits 19. Mariah Qibthiyah 20. Musaikah yang bertobat 21. Kabisyah binti Ma'an 22. istri Abu LahabBuku ini lebih menarik karena menggunakan kajian sejarah dan kajian tafsir ayat-ayat yang berkaitan terhadap wanita yang dibahas. di akhir cerita juga selalu disebutkan pelajaran dari kisah tersebut.xii, 276 hlm.; 21 c
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