407 research outputs found
Impact of New Technology on Reading Habits: A Glimpse on the World Literature
No full textReading helps in all-round development of a person from his birth to death. It adds new sight to eyes and new wisdom to mind. A dump person becomes a communicator and a lame climbs mountains of knowledge through reading. However, in the modern multimedia society, the radio, television, cell phone, computer and the Internet have captured a big slice of time and reading has taken a back seat. These new gadgets of technology have become the “Time Eating Machine” and reading has almost become a closed book. Children, youth and adults alike are more inclined towards new technology
for information, entertainment and pleasure. This paper attempts to summarize the literature available worldwide on this issue to identify the impact of new technology on
reading habits
New Wella Salon-Exploring Growth Opportunities (A)’ published in the Case Studies Journal of Business and Management
No full textThis case discusses about the dilemma faced by a famous barber Mr. Fayaz, who has been refused by his loyal customers to get their services from him at the age of 55 years. The incident has taken him to think seriously about his future as a barber and the future of his sons, who share the same profession with him. Over the years, his son Meer has changed the image of the salon from a traditional salon into a trendier and sophisticated salon keeping in mind the changing mind set of consumer and services provided by leading salons of Pakistan. At a brainstorming session, Mr. Fayaz & Meer are trying to address three difficult questions: Was it just an incident and could it be ignorable? What future growth options are available to sustain our position? Would closing the business and investing in some other business be a viable option
Effect of terrain size and pause time on the performance of reactive routing protocols
No full textA mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of mobile wireless nodes without pre established infrastructure or central management with frequent changing topology. In the last few years, various routing protocols are targeted specially at MANET have been proposed however little data is available about the effect of various parameters on the performance of these protocols. In this paper, we assess the impact of several terrain areas and pause times on the performance of the two prominent reactive routing protocolsi.e. AODV and DSR and present the results of our simulations. It is observed that the hop-by-hop AODV perform much better for medium size terrain areas while DSR is suitable for small terrain areas. For larger terrain areas, the average end-to-end delay encountered by AODV is very low compared to DSR
Indian Contribution to Open Access Scholarly Publishing: A Case Study of DOAJ
No full textIndia has been a cradle of knowledge for thousands of years. Presently it has significant advantages in the 21st century knowledge race due to one of the largest higher education system in the world. It generates a lot of information in the form of research papers, project reports, books, conference papers, theses, dissertations, articles, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve, manage and make it accessible to the academic community in particular for sharing and visualizing their innovations for the betterment of society as a whole. The present study attempts to evaluate the initiatives taken by India to make this intellectual output accessible for all by publishing them in Open Access journals. The results revealed that India is continuously contributing in Open Access scholarly publishing as some of the premier institutions, particularly in the science and technology area, are providing open access to their research publications. The position of India in terms of number of journals in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is 7th in the world, well ahead of
countries such as China, Australia, and Japan
Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii Khanjani, Mirmoayedi, Nahad & Fayaz, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textErythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. (Figs. 1–13) Type material. Holotype and 14 paratype larvae from Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Shahanjarin, Razan (35 º 13 ΄ 22 ʺ N, 49 º 10 ΄ 16 ʺ E and altitude 1825 m a.s.l), Hamedan Province, 8 June, 2009, Aboulghasem Rezai-Nahad. Description. For measurements see table 2. Dorsum (Figs. 1–2). Prodorsal scutum with two pairs of barbed setae (AL and PL) and two pairs of barbed sensilla (AM and S). Anterior sensilla (AM) very short, situated in obliquely positioned sockets or trichobothria. Posterior sensilla (S) long and barbed. Anterolateral setae (AL) not expanded basally and acute points and posterolaterals (PL) less than half the length of AL. Scutum almost hexagonal with anterior margins straight and posterior concave (Fig. 2). Opisthosoma with 31 long, barbed setae and two pairs of unequally in diameter eyes anterolaterally (Fig. 1). Ve n t e r (Fig. 3). With a pair of setae between coxae I (1 a) and III (3 a). Opisthogaster with seven pairs of barbed setae. Ventral setae are narrower than dorsal setae. Gnathosoma (Figs. 4–6). Infracapitulum with one pair of hypostomal (Hy) 54 (52) and adoral setae (or) 38 (41) (Fig. 6). Palp five-segmented; femur and genu each with one barbed seta; tibia with three barbed setae, with tibial claw bifurcate (Fig. 4); tarsus with seven setae, one of which is longer than others (including eupathidium), one eupathidium and one solenidion (Fig. 4). Legs (Figs. 7–13). Leg setae barbed. Legs six segmented (coxae excluded) with divided femora. Tarsi terminate into two lateral claws and a claw-like empodium. Chaetotaxy of segments as follows: coxae 1 - 1 - 1; trochanters 1 - 1 - 1; basifemora 3 - 3 - 3; telofemora 5 - 5 - 5; genua 8 + 1 σ+ 1 k - 8 + 1 k - 8; tibiae 14 + 2 ϕ + 1 Cp+ 1 κ - 15 + 2 ϕ - 14 + 1 ϕ; tarsi 25 + 2 ζ+ 1 ω - 22 + 2 ζ+ 1 ω - 23 + 1 ζ. Remarks. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. belongs to the species group of the subgenus Zaracarus with basifemoral setal formula 3 - 3 - 3. It is closely related to E. (Z.) aydinicus, E. (Z.) sibulginicus, E. (Z.) lancifer, E. (Z.) kastaniensis, E. (Z.) passidonicus, E. (Z.) longipedus, E. (Z.) fabiolae, E. (Z.) rajabii, E. (Z.) lancifer, E. (Z.) passidonicus and E. (Z.) kastaniensis. However, it differs from all these species by differences in measurements and numbers of setae. (Tables 4–5). Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Mohammad Javad Soleimani Pari, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, for helping the senior author. Characters Holotype Mean SD Min Max DL 778 996.7 122.1 778 1145 IL 565 789.7 127.6 565 945 IW 420 617.6 117.9 420 810 L 113 112.0 6.1 100 120 W 180 179.1 13.9 170 203 AW 55 55.6 1.8 53 58 PW 135 130.9 9.9 118 150 Sba 25 25.6 3.4 23 30 SBp 20 21.0 2.6 17 25 Continued next pagePublished as part of Khanjani, Mohammad, Mirmoayedi, Ali-Naghi, Nahad, Aboulghasem Rezai & Fayaz, Bahman Asali, 2010, Two new larval species of Erythraeus (Zaracarus) (Acari: Erythraeidae) from western Iran, pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2537 on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19666
Analysis of Primary Tooth Extractions and Associated Factors in 3 to 5-Year-Old Children in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Retrospective Study
No full textYahya Fayaz,1 Shahab Uddin Ahmadi,1 Said Ahmad Sorosh Miri,2 Hussain Mohammadi,1 Wakil Muhammad Wikins,3 Naseer Ahmad Nikzad3 1Department of Stomatology, Khatam AL Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan; 2Department of Prosthodontics, Khatam AL Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan; 3Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, National Curative and Specialized Stomatology Hospital, Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Yahya Fayaz, Department of Stomatology, Khatam AL Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan, Tel +93706281798, Email [email protected]/Objective: Understanding the patterns and reasons behind the extraction of children’s primary teeth is crucial for improving oral health outcomes. This retrospective investigation aimed to discern the patterns and factors contributing to primary tooth extraction among pediatric patients aged 3 to 5 years treated at the Pediatric Surgery Department of the National Curative and Specialized Stomatology Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan.Materials and Methods: Between January and May 2023, we conducted an extensive review of dental records, focusing on patients aged 3 to 5 years who had undergone primary tooth extraction. Data were collected on patients’ age, gender, specif tooth extracted, and reasons for tooth extraction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics version 25.Results: Among 150 subjects reviewed, 53.3% were male. Primary first molars were the most commonly extracted teeth (29.3%). Dental caries was the leading cause of extraction (50%), followed by periodontitis (31.3%) and root resorption (18.7%). Mandibular extractions (58.6%) were more frequent than maxillary extractions (41.4%). No significant differences were found based on age or tooth type. Weak correlations were observed between specific tooth extractions, age, and etiology.Conclusion: This study reveals a higher frequency of extractions in older children, primarily due to dental caries, periodontitis, and root resorption, with a slight male predominance. While no significant differences were noted in extraction patterns based on age or tooth type, understanding these trends is essential for improving pediatric dental care.Keywords: dental extraction, dental caries, root resorption, primary teeth, Kabu
Tycherobius ueckermanni Khanjani, Yazyanpanah, Ostovan & Fayaz, 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Tycherobius ueckermanni</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 17–33)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Dorsal idiosoma without <i>pdx</i> seta; palp tarsus with one simple seta; peritreme with one loop; dorsal seta <i>c1</i> 190 (180–185 [183]; femoral formula I–IV 4-3 -2-2. The ratio dorsal setae <i>c1</i>: <i>d1</i>: <i>e1</i>: <i>f1</i> as follows: 2.3(2.17–2.7)[2.4]:2.12(2.12–2.4)[2.28]:1.1(1.18–1.19)[1.18]:1.0(1.0)[1.0].; tarsus I–II with 10(ω)–9(ω).</p> <p> <b>Female</b> (n=4). Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 342 (290–320) [303], width 280 (230–245) [237].</p> <p> <i>Gnathosoma</i> (Figs. 20–22). Gnathosoma 101 (75–95) [86] long (from base of subcapitulum to tip of palp) and 79 (68–95) [78] wide. Peritreme with one loop (Fig. 20). Chelicerae fused 36 (27–28) [28] long (Fig. 20). Palpi five segmented with following setal pattern (Fig. 21): tarsus with one eupathidium, one simple seta, and one small solenidion; tibia with three smooth setae and one long claw 25 (21–25) [23] long; genu with one long and slender seta 36 (34–35) [35]; femur with two serrated setae 16 (17–19) [18], 38 (35–38) [37]. Subcapitulum with setae <i>m</i> 25 (24) [24] and two pairs of adoral setae (<i>or1–2</i>), <i>or1</i> 8 (6–8) [7], <i>or2</i> 10 (8) [8]; <i>m-m</i> 25 (26–28) [27] (Fig. 22). Palp coxa with one supra-coxal seta 4 (4) [4] long (Fig. 22).</p> <p> <i>Dorsum</i> (Figs 17–19). Dorsal idiosoma region with 14 pairs of long and thick serrated setae set on tubercles (Fig. 17–19). Length of dorsal setae as follows: <i>vi</i> 83 (73–85) [81], <i>ve</i> 62 (47–51) [49], <i>sci</i> 69 (48–66) [58], <i>sce</i> 35 (25–33) [29], <i>c1</i> 190 (180–185 [183], <i>c2</i> 64 (50–65) [56], <i>d1</i> 174 (160–180) [173], <i>d2</i> 55 (40–44) [42], <i>e1</i> 90 (80–100) [90], <i>e2</i> 58 (40–55) [47], <i>f1</i> 82 (67–85) [76], <i>f2</i> 42 (43–45) [44], <i>h1</i> 45 (39–41) [40], <i>h2</i> 31 (35–39) [37]. Distances between setae: <i>vi-vi</i> 36 (35–38) [36], <i>ve–ve</i> 86 (85–90) [87], <i>vi–ve</i> 30 (30)[30], <i>ve-sci</i> 43 (35–40) [38], <i>sci-sci</i> 145 (130–140) [133], <i>sce–sce</i> 210 (180–195) [188], <i>sci–sce</i> 60 (51–60) [55], <i>c1-c1</i> 20(20–25) [25], <i>c1-c2</i> 105 (104–120) [115], <i>c2–c2</i> 240 (200–220) [207], <i>c1–d1</i> 41 (50–60) [55], <i>c2–d2</i> 71 (61–70) [65], <i>d1–d1</i> 33 (27–33) [28], <i>d1–d2</i> 98 (77–100) [90], <i>d2–d2</i> 200 (151–190) [167], <i>d2– e 2</i> 65 (55–60) [58], <i>d1– e 1</i> 47 (40–60) [50], <i>e1- e 1</i> 27 (20–22) [21], <i>e1– e 2</i> 80 (80–85) [83], <i>e2–e2</i> 150 (130–150) [140], <i>e1–f1</i> 50 (55–58) [57], <i>e2–f2</i> 42 (26–50) [37], <i>f1–f1</i> 15 (15–18) [17], <i>f1–f2</i> 52 (45–58) [51], <i>f2–f2</i> 110 (94–95) [95], <i>f1–h1</i> 50 (44–45) [45], <i>f2–h2</i> 30 (25–26) [26], <i>h1-h1</i> 10 (11–15) [13], <i>h1–h2</i> 16 (16–17) [17], <i>h2-h2</i> 50 (50) [50]. Seta <i>c1</i> the longest while seta <i>h2</i> the smallest. The ratio of dorsal setae as follows: <i>vi</i> / <i>c1</i> 0.44 (0.41–0.46)[0.44]; <i>c1</i> / <i>d1</i> 1.09 (1.03–1.13)[1.06]; <i>d1</i> / <i>e1</i> 1.93 (1.80–2.0)[1.92]; <i>e1</i> / <i>f1</i> 1.1 (1.17–1.19)[1.18]; <i>f1</i> / <i>h1</i> 1.82 (1.72–2.07)[1.90]; <i>vi</i> / <i>ve</i> 1.34 (1.55–1.67)[1.65]; <i>sci</i> / <i>sce</i> 1.97 (1.92–2.0)[2.0]; <i>c1</i> / <i>c2</i> 2.97 (2.84–3.6)[3.27]; <i>d1</i> / <i>d2</i> 3.16(4.0–4.01)[4.12]; <i>e1</i> / <i>e2</i> 1.55 (1.81–2.0)[1.91]; <i>f1</i> / <i>f2</i> 1.95 (1.56–1.89)[1.73]; <i>h1</i> / <i>h2</i> 1.45 (1.05–1.11)[1.08]; <i>c1</i>: <i>d1</i>: <i>e1</i>: <i>f1</i>: 2.3(2.17–2.7)[2.4]:2.12(2.12–2.4)[2.28]:1.1(1.18–1.19)[1.18]:1.0(1.0)[1.0]. Two pairs of eyes above the seta <i>sce</i> present, 8 (6–8) [7] and 15 (11–14) [13] diameter (Fig. 17).</p> <p> <i>Venter</i> (Figs. 23–25). Ve n tra l sur fac e striated coxae with soft reticulation, coxal setae stout and serrate, ventral setae <i>1a</i>, <i>3a</i> and <i>4a</i> slender and slightly serrate (<i>1a</i> set on coxa I). Endopodal shields absent. Anogenital area with one pair of aggenital setae (<i>ag</i>), genital valve with one pair of genital seta (<i>g1</i>) and three pairs of small and smooth anal setae (<i>ps1–3</i>). Length of ventral setae: <i>1a</i> 32 (31) [31], <i>1b</i> 32 (24–29) [27], <i>1c</i> 63 (61–61) [61], <i>2b</i> 45 (39) [39], <i>3a</i> 31 (30–33) [32], <i>3b</i> 44 (34–35) [35], <i>3c</i> 34 (40) [40], <i>4a</i> 25 (23–28) [26], <i>4b</i> 16 (15–18) [17], <i>4c</i> 26 (23–25) [24], <i>ag</i> 19 (15–16) [16], <i>g</i> 15 (15) [15], <i>ps1</i> 15 (15–17) [16], <i>ps2</i> 15 (15) [15], <i>ps3</i> 16 (14–16) [15]. (Figs. 23–25).</p> <p> <i>Legs</i> (Figs. 26–33). Measurements of leg I 658 (635–645) [640], leg II 570 (513–537) [525], leg III 628 (580–583) [582], leg IV 719 (665–667) [666]. Chaetotaxy of leg segments as follows (solenidia in parentheses and not included in setal counts): coxae 3–1–2–2, trochanters 1–1–1–1, femora 4–3–2–2, genua 1(κ)–1(κ)–1–1, tibiae 9(φ)–8(φ)–7(φ)–7(φ), tarsi 10(ω)–9(ω)–7–7 (Figs. 26–33). Number of tenent hairs in tarsi I–IV as follows: 6–8; 9; 6–8; 2–6 (Figs. 30–33). Genua I–IV with one long, serrated seta, genual setae III–IV longer than I–II. Genual setae length as follows: I – IV 74 (60–65) [62]–133 (115–125) [119]–150 (128–155) [142]–163 (150–158) [154] (Figs. 26–29). Solenidia of legs I–IV length as follows: I κ 3 (3) [3], II κ 3 (3–4) [4], I φ 20 (18–19) [19], II φ 14 (10–12) [11], III φ 8 (11–12) [12], IV φ 9 (10–12) [11], I ω 11 (8–11) [10], II ω 7 (5–7) [6]. Coxa I with one supra-coxal seta 4 (3–4) [4] long (Fig. 25).</p> <p> <i>Male</i>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Tycherobius ueckermanni</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. is similar to <i>T. superbus</i> (Canestrini, 1889) in having two setae on femur III however differs from the latter by: 1) femur I with four setae in <i>T. ueckermanni</i> whereas three in <i>T. superbus</i>; 2) length of dorsal setae <i>c1</i> 180–190 and <i>d1</i> 160–180 in the former vs. 140 and 115 in the latter. The new species also resembles <i>T. farsiensis</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. in lacking dorsal setae <i>pdx</i> and the same tibial setae and tarsal chaetotaxy but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) femur III with two setae in <i>T. ueckermanni</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. instead of three in <i>T. farsiensis</i>; 2) palp tarsus with one simple seta (plus one eupathidion, one ω) in the former whereas two simple setae (plus one eupathidion, one ω) in the latter; 3) the longest and smallest dorsal setae <i>c1</i> and <i>h2</i> respectively in <i>T. ueckermanni</i> instead of <i>d1</i> and <i>c</i> <i>1</i> in <i>T. farsiensis</i>; 4) length of dorsal seta <i>c1</i> 180–190 whereas 27–31 in the latter; 5) ventral surface of coxae I–IV with soft reticulation plus striation in the new species opposed to without reticulation pattern in <i>T. farsiensis</i>; 6) the ratio dorsal setae as follows: <i>c1</i>: <i>d1</i>: <i>e1</i>: <i>f1</i> 2.17–2.7:2.12–2.4:1.10–1.19:1.0; <i>vi</i> / <i>c1</i> 0.41–0.46; <i>c1</i> / <i>c2</i> 2.84–3.6 versus 0.39–0.45:2.29–2.53:0.97–1.14:1.0; <i>vi</i> / <i>c1</i> 2.90–3.16; <i>c1</i> / <i>c2</i> 0.40–0.55.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named in honor of Prof. Edward A. Ueckermann, who kindly assisted the senior author through excellent collaborations and has helped other Iranian Acarologists in last two decades.</p> <p> <b>Type materials.</b> Holotype from soil and rotten leaves under oak tree (<i>Quercus brantii</i> Lindl, Fagaceae), Koohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province, Iran (29° 28' 41'' N, 52° 10' 08'' E, 1688 m a.s.l.), 31 xii 2010. Three paratypes (P1–3) from same host respectively: P1, Koohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province, Iran (29° 32 ' 05'' N, 52° 12' 56'' E, 1916 m a.s.l.), 0 1 ix 2010. P2 from soil & rotten leaves under oak tree, Koohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province, Iran (29° 31' 41'' N, 52° 12' 24'' E, 1843 m a.s.l.), 0 4 x 2010. P3, Koohmare Sorkhi region, Fars province, Iran (29° 31' 40'' N, 52° 12' 17'' E, 1827 m a.s.l.), 0 1 iii 2010, S. Yazdanpanah. The type materials are preserved as slide mounted specimens and the holotype female and two paratypes are deposited in the Acari Collection of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran and one paratype female will be deposited in the Mite Collection of Arachnida, Biosystematic Division, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.</p>Published as part of <i>Khanjani, Mohammad, Yazyanpanah, Shima, Ostovan, Hadi & Fayaz, Bahman Asali, 2012, Three new species of the genus Tycherobius Bolland (Acari: Camerobiidae) from Iran, pp. 23-40 in Zootaxa 3266</i> on pages 32-35, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/280753">10.5281/zenodo.280753</a>
Synthesis, conformational studies and NBO analysis of (4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol- 1-yl)(p-tolyl)methanone
No full textThe title compound (3) was obtained by cyclocondensation of 4-methylbenzohydrazide (2) with 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione (1) in dry ethanol in presence of acetic acid and recrystallization from ethanol. The molecular and crystal structure of the new pyrazole derivative was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic system with space group P-1. The molecules in the crystal adopt an anti conformation for the mutual orientation of the CO double bond with respect to the NN single bond. The pyrazole and phenyl rings are very far from being coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 49.62(4)°. Additionally, full geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were computed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of approximation. The NBO population analysis showed that the lpp(N1) lone pair orbital contributes to a strong resonance interactions with both adjacent π*(N2=C2) and π*(C5=C4) antibonding orbitals of the pyrazole group.Fil: Channar, Pervaiz Ali. Quaid-i-azam University; PakistánFil: Saeed, Aamer. Universidad Quaid-i-azam; PakistánFil: Erben, Mauricio Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Química Inorgánica "Dr. Pedro J. Aymonino"; ArgentinaFil: Larik, Fayaz Ali. Quaid-i-azam University; PakistánFil: Riaz, Saira. Quaid-i-azam University; PakistánFil: Flörke, Ulrich. Universitat Paderborn; PakistánFil: Arshad, Muhammad. Quaid-i-azam University; Pakistá
Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Systems: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Applications
No full text\ua9 2025 selection and editorial matter, Inam Ullah Khan, Mariya Ouaissa, Mariyam Ouaissa, Muhammad Fayaz, and Rehmat Ullah. All rights reserved.The aim of this book is to highlight the most promising lines of research, using new enabling technologies and methods based on AI/ML techniques to solve issues and challenges related to intelligent and computing systems. Intelligent computing easily collects data using smart technological applications like IoT-based wireless networks, digital healthcare, transportation, blockchain, 5.0 industry and deep learning for better decision making. AI enabled networks will be integrated in smart cities\u27 concept for interconnectivity. Wireless networks will play an important role. The digital era of computational intelligence will change the dynamics and lifestyle of human beings. Future networks will be introduced with the help of AI technology to implement cognition in real-world applications. Cyber threats are dangerous to encode information from network. Therefore, AI-Intrusion detection systems need to be designed for identification of unwanted data traffic. This book: Provides a better understanding of artificial intelligence-based applications for future smart cities Presents a detailed understanding of artificial intelligence tools for intelligent technologies Showcases intelligent computing technologies in obtaining optimal solutions using artificial intelligence Discusses energy-efficient routing protocols using artificial intelligence for Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) Covers machine learning-based Intrusion detection system (IDS) for smart grid It is primarily written for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, and computer engineering
Intelligent Underwater Object Detection and Image Restoration for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
No full text[EN] Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) have been reliable and economical technological solutions to perform undersea monitoring tasks in comparison to manned vehicles. However, in many situations, UUV is unable to fulfill complex undersea research tasks since target objects appear distorted due to light absorption and scattering. Besides, ocean surveying undergoes severe power requirements compared to terrestrial systems because of battery-driven low-storage vehicles like Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). Therefore, limited power supply, motion resistance of water medium, and distorted target object appearance can delay the mission and reduce the efficiency of UUV in their underwater operations. Considering the resource-constrained undersea monitoring setup, we propose an intelligent two-stage framework for expeditious monitoring of underwater scenes. First, an effective deep neural network is employed for underwater object/region of interest (ROI) detection. Then the detected ROI is restored using an efficient restoration method, thereby improving the visual quality of the degraded images and aiding the navigating and monitoring tasks of UUVs. Our method has been objectively and subjectively assessed using 9 evaluation metrics and our key results reveal mAP of 94.35% and an Underwater Color Image Quality Evaluation (UCIQE) score of 3.09, surpassing state-of-the-art methods for object detection. Furthermore, the execution time of 0.550 secs is required for object detection and dehazing, making this proposal suitable for UUVs to perform automatic undersea object detection and dehazing within operational running requirements.This work was supported in part by the Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Technology, funded by the Indian Government through Science and Heritage Research Initiative (SHRI) scheme under Grant DST/TDT/SHRI-33/2018. The work of J. Del Ser was supported by the Basque Government through ELKARTEK and EMAITEK funds, and in part by the Consolidated Research Group MATHMODE under Grant IT1456 22.Fayaz, S.; Parah, SA.; Qureshi, G.; Lloret, J.; Del Ser, J.; Khan Muhammad (2024). Intelligent Underwater Object Detection and Image Restoration for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 73(2):1726-1735. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3318629S1726173573
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