1,720,955 research outputs found
Molecular analysis and metabolite profiling of colorectal cancer cell line (HCT 116) associated with telomerase by RNAi-mediated silencing and inhibition via berberine / Muhammad Azizan Samad
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer among male and female, globally, which is associated with the increment of telomerase expression and activity. It was hypothesised that telomerase was expressed during S phase, thus, the cell cycle distribution of colorectal cancer cell line (HCT 116) was analysed at 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture. It was revealed that 48 hours had the highest percentage of S phase and relative telomerase activity (RTA). Screening of selected telomerase inhibitors on HCT 116 at 48 hours showed that berberine was the most effective (lowest IC50 value: 10.30 ± 0.89 μg/mL) compared to boldine (IC50 value: 37.87 ± 3.12 μg/mL) and silymarin (IC50 value >200 μg/mL). Scaling up of berberine treatment in T75 flask resulted in IC50 of 10.54 μg/mL which was used in subsequent experiment. There were three strategies in this study i.e., berberine treatment at different time-points, berberine treatment at 48 hours, and berberine and RNAi treatment at 48 hours. Time and berberine treatment affected RTA of HCT 116, which could be reflected on the shifting of metabolic profile of HCT 116 with time and treatment as visualised by the Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Further analyses exhibited that berberine treatment caused G0/G1 phase arrest at 48 hours due to high cyclin D1 (CCND1) and low cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) protein and mRNA levels, simultaneous downregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA and human telomerase RNA component (TERC) levels, as well as a decrease in the TERT protein level and RTA. The effect of berberine treatment on the cell cycle was time-dependent as it resulted in a delayed cell cycle, and doubling time by 2.18-fold. RTA level was significantly decreased, and telomere erosion followed suit. Increased hydrogen peroxide concentration [H2O2] in berberine-treated HCT 116 was due to the decrement of catalase (CAT) mRNA as well as the increment of super oxide dismutase 1 and 2 (SOD1 and SOD2) mRNA levels which subsequently caused damage to the nuclei. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed polar separation of untreated and berberine-treated HCT 116. The significance of metabolic pathway discovery was improved by the addition of affected genes in the Joint-Pathway analysis. The mechanism of berberine effects was validated by RNAi targeting TERT and/or TERC. Knockdown of TERT decreased TERC. Knockdown of TERT and/or TERC elevated CCND1 as well as decreased CAT, xanthine oxidase (XO) mRNA, and XO protein levels. The repression of TERC was the most likely to be responsible for the upregulation of CCND1 protein and SOD2 mRNA levels. Berberine treatment showed the largest downregulation and upregulation of CDK4/CDK4 and SOD1 levels, respectively indicating additive effects of berberine. TERC knockdown resulted in the highest [H2O2] in HCT 116. The downregulation of TERT and/or TERC caused a G0/G1 phase arrest, which was primarily due to the overexpression of CCND1 protein, in addition to decreased S and G2/M phases. The reduction in HCT 116 cell size was mostly caused by TERT downregulation. Relative telomere length (RTL) was later reduced as a result of TERT, TERT and/or TERC downregulation which decreased RTA. HCT 116 with decreased RTA was closely clustered in the PCA indicating similarity of the metabolic profile. Glutamic acid was the most consistent metabolite across the three strategies, positively correlated with RTA, and potentially involved in oxidative stress mechanism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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