53 research outputs found
Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
The time-varying propagation between oil market and stock market- An evidence of Pakistan Stock Exchange, PSX
No full textThe prime objective of this study is to find out the time-varying propagation between the oil market and stock market. For this purpose the crudeoil future contracts in real time was chosen as proxy for an oil market determinant while two indices at Pakistan stock exchange were taken as stock market determinants. In this regard KSE100 index and KMI30 index (the Islamic index) were considered as stock market variables to examine short run or long run relationship amongst the oil market and stock market. The analysis was based on time series data. The weekly closing prices were collected for the period ranging from June, 2009 to August, 2020 with 583 total observations. The study used the Johanson and Juselius (1990) technique to examine the long run cointegration between the variables. The ADF test postulated that all series were at 1(0) nonstationary but it became stationary when taking it at 1st difference. The Johanson cointegration test examined that Pakistani stock indices were cointegrated in the long run with the crudeoil. Once Johanson test founded the long run relationship among the variable, VECM is used to examine the short run dynamics of long run equilibrium relationship. The variance decomposition revealed that fluctuations in the oil prices were strongly endogenous from its own variance in the short run but strongly exogenous in the long run from others independent variable in the model. The impulse response function demonstrated that response of KSE100 and KMI30 both to the shock of crudeoil showed increasing trend in the short run but in long run they have constantly decreasing trend
Comparison of Functional Outcome of Austin Moore Hemiarthroplasty VS Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Transcervical Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Population
No full textIntroduction: The most popular treatment for misplaced femoral neck fracture in the elderly is hemiarthroplasty.Unipolar and bipolar implants are the two types used in hemiarthroplasty. Different prostheses, such as Austin Moore, Thompson, and Bipolar prostheses, are employed based on the patient's mobility, neck, and bone stock in the medial buttress. Theoretically, bipolar prostheses prevent acetabular erosion by shifting weight to the inner bearing of the prosthesis, which in turn lessens the interaction between the prosthesis and acetabulum.Methodology: This cohort study was conducted by the orthopedic surgery department of Allied Hospital Faisalabadbetween January and June of 2025. Patients of both sexes with femur neck fractures of Garden Type III and GardenType IV who were between the ages of 50 and 70 were included. Patients with pathological fractures, those medicallyineligible for surgery, those with bilateral femur neck fractures, those who had undergone surgery on both the sameand opposite sides, and nonambulators were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups, Austin Moorehemiarthroplasty was done on patients in group A, while bipolar hemiarthroplasty was performed on patients ingroup B. The Haris Hip Score was used to determine the functional outcome both before and after surgery. It wasdetermined weekly for the first four weeks, then every two weeks for three months, and finally every month for sixmonths. An HHS of 90 or higher was considered exceptional, 80 to 89 good, 70 to 79 fair, and less than 70 bad.Results: The Harris hip scores for groups A and B in my study were 62.34 ± 7.32 and 63.42 ± 6.98 at baseline,respectively, and 89.43 ± 6.13 and 82.15 ± 7.45 at six months. 51.66% of patients in this study had outstandingtreatment outcomes from Austin Moore Hemiarthroplasty, 32.23% had good outcomes, 10.43% had acceptableoutcomes, and 5.69% had bad outcomes. 33.65% of patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty experiencedoutstanding results, 37.91% had good outcomes, 19.43% had fair outcomes, and 9.00% had bad outcomes.Conclusion: This study found that treating transcervical femoral neck fractures in elderly population withAustin Moore Hemiarthroplasty results in a better functional outcome than with Bipolar hemiarthroplasty.Keywords: Austin Moore Hemiarthroplasty; Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty; Femoral Neck Fractures; Harris HipScore; Outcome
Dynamic Volatility in Stock Market Returns: An Evidence from Islamic Index and Kse100 Index of Pakistan
No full textThis paper examines the time-varying volatility in the stock returns at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Time series data was used to gauge the volatility in the stock returns trough time series analysis techniques including the ADF, ARCH and GARCH family modeling for this purpose. The volatility concept is much familiar in the stock market analysis especially in the future decision making process by the investor. To further investigate this phenomenon, an Islamic index and KSE100 index at PSX were chosen with daily data ranging from June, 2009 to august 2020 with the total daily observations of 2772. The data was collected from investing.com. The ADF and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests were performed to check the stationary of the series, where it was confirmed that the stock return of the KMI30 index as well as KSE100 index were no unit root at 1(0). The ARCH LM lest confirmed the ARCH effects in the KMI30 and kSE100 indices. The GARCH family modeling including GARCH (1,1), Mean GARCH (1,1), EGARCH (1,1), and TGARCH (1,1) were used. The results revealed that stock returns of the Islamic index (KMI30) and KSE100 index at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) have the feature of volatility clustering. It is also gauged that stock returns of KMI30 index and kSE100 index are more volatile to bad news than good news. The study further explored that holders of such stocks can diversify their investment in some other related stocks to get arbitrage opportunity
Stock Market Behaviour in Response to Political Events: A Case of Pakistan Major Political Events
No full textPurpose of this research is to unearth the effect of significant political events on stock market performance and volatility of Pakistan during the period 2013 to 2018.Event study methodology is employed to investigate the stock market behaviour in response to major political events i.e. the China Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC (MOU), Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif disqualification, and the Elections held on 25th July 2018,in terms of four indexes (i.e. KSE 100 index, KSE all share indexes, KSE-30 index and KMI 30 index).Findings demonstrated that political events influence the stock market according to their nature.The contribution of this study is two folds. The effect of political events on stock market performance is relatively understudied in the context of Pakistan.Contrary to previous studies; the current study examined the effects on all the indexes quoted by Pakistan Stock Exchange(PSX)
Effect of Cyclone on the Composition of Rainfall at Karachi City
No full textA rapid urbanization results in increased levels of atmospheric pollutants and magnitude of this increase is much higher in the cities of developing world. Speciation of chemicals in rainwater is one way to assess the degree and nature of atmospheric contaminant accumulation and sources of these contaminants. In June 2010 an episode of heavy rain in the megacity of Karachi occurred due to the impact of Cyclone PHET, which was expected to hit Karachi city along the Arabian Sea. Cyclone impacted rainwater samples were collected from all over Karachi city and analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. A wide range of concentrations were observed among different sites i.e. pH (range 6.13 - 7.92, average 7.31), conductivity (range 9µS/cm - 154µS/cm), major anions F- (0 - 9.22µeq/L), Cl- (31.7 - 184.7µeq/L), NO3- (2.2 - 13.7µeq/L), SO42- (9.3 - 614µeq/L) and cations Ca2+ (13.1 - 364.3µeq/L), Mg2+ (5.83 - 72.65µeq/L), Na+ (49.1 - 344.7µeq/L), NH4+ (0.86 - 58.59µeq/L) and K+ (0 - 61.44µeq/L). This wide variation of distribution was attributed to the long range transportation and climatic conditions due to cyclone effect. Industrial area samples showed a dominating character of industrial influence whereas residential areas were influenced more with the coastal impact. Spatial interpolations were used to interpret the chemical data on geographical maps using ArcGIS®
Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS), 2012
No full textPakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS), 2012 is the 1st round of the Rural Household Panel Survey, which aims to provide a quantitative basis to identify and address urgent economic policy priorities. The RHPS covers 2090 households in 76 primary sampling units in the rural areas of three provinces namely: (i) Punjab; (ii) Sindh; and (iii) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The sample is nationally representative of the rural areas of the three provinces. This survey collected information on a large number of topics, such as sources of income, nature of employment, consumption patterns, time use, assets and savings, loans and credit, education, migration, economic shocks, participation in social safety nets, and household aspirations. Six survey instruments were developed to collect this information. These included three household-level questionnaires (two were designed to collect household information on various household and individual level aspect by males and females separately, and the third was an aspirations questionnaire, conducted on a household member between ages 18-35), a community questionnaire, a price questionnaire, and a school questionnaire.IFPRI2; PACEDSGD; EPT
Triple-component nanocomposite films prepared using a casting method: Its potential in drug delivery
No full textThe purpose of this study was to fabricate a triple-component nanocomposite system consisting of chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and drug for assessing the application of chitosan–PEG nanocomposites in drug delivery and also to assess the effect of different molecular weights of PEG on nanocomposite characteristics. The casting/solvent evaporation method was used to prepare chitosan–PEG nanocomposite films incorporating piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin. In order to characterize the morphology and structure of nanocomposites, X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy were used. Drug content uniformity test, swelling studies, water content, erosion studies, dissolution studies, and anti-inflammatory activity were also performed. The permeation studies across rat skin were also performed on nanocomposite films using Franz diffusion cell. The release behavior of films was found to be sensitive to pH and ionic strength of release medium. The maximum swelling ratio and water content was found in HCl buffer pH 1.2 as compared to acetate buffer of pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The release rate constants obtained from kinetic modeling and flux values of ex vivo permeation studies showed that release of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin increased with an increase in concentration of PEG. The formulation F10 containing 75% concentration of PEG showed the highest swelling ratio (3.42 ± 0.02) in HCl buffer pH 1.2, water content (47.89 ± 1.53%) in HCl buffer pH 1.2, maximum cumulative drug permeation through rat skin (2405.15 ± 10.97 μg/cm(2)) in phosphate buffer pH 7.4, and in vitro drug release (35.51 ± 0.26%) in sequential pH change mediums, and showed a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher anti-inflammatory effect (0.4 cm). It can be concluded from the results that film composition had a particular impact on drug release properties. The different molecular weights of PEG have a strong influence on swelling, drug release, and permeation rate. The developed films can act as successful drug delivery approach for localized drug delivery through the skin
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