57 research outputs found
The Long-run Relationship between Real Exchange Rate and Real Interest Rate in Asian Countries: An Application of Panel Cointegration
No full textThe role of exchange rate policy in economic development has been the subject of much debate and controversy in the development literature. Interest rates and exchange rates are usually viewed as important in the transmission of monetary impulses to the real economy. In the short run the standard view of academics and policy-makers is that a monetary expansion lowers the interest rate and rises the exchange rate, with these price changes then affecting the level and composition of aggregate demand. Frequently, these influences are described as the liquidity effects of monetary expansion, viewed as the joint effect of providing larger quantities of money to the private sector. Popular theories of exchange-rate determination also predict a link between real exchange rates and real interest rate differentials. These theories combine the uncovered interest parity relationship with the assumption that the real exchange rate deviates from its long-run level only temporarily. Under these assumptions, shocks to the real exchange rate—which are often viewed as caused by shocks to monetary policy—are expected to reverse themselves over time. This study investigates the long-run relationship between real exchange rates and real interest rate differentials using recently developed panel cointegration technique. Although this kind of relationship has been studied by a number of researchers,1 very little evidence in support of the relationship has been reported in the case of developing countries.
Agrius convolvuli Linnaeus 1758
No full text<i>Agrius convolvuli</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) <p>Plate 2, Fig. 24</p> <p> <b>Material examined. PAKISTAN, [Islamabad,]</b> 27. viii. 2001, Ather Rafi; as previous except 28. viii. 2001; [<b>Azad Jammu and Kashmir,]</b> Pir Chinasi, Muzaffarabad, 24. v. 2009, A. Zia; Rawalakot, 2004, M. Rafique Khan; [<b>Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,]</b> Nathia Gali, 10. v. 2001, Dr Azhar (PMNH); Dadar, 20. v. 2001, Riaz (PMNH); Peshawar University, 6. v. 1972, G. N. Cheema; [<b>Punjab,]</b> Wah Cantt, 18. v. 2010, Anjum Shehzad; Sodhi, Noshehra, 17. vi. 2009, Asad Ali; [<b>Sindh,]</b> Dhamraha, Larkana, 21. iii. 1959, S. M. Din; Khairpur, 16. vii. 1958, M. Sultan; Sakrand, Nawab Shah, 22. iii. 2007, A. Zia; as previous except Amjad Bukhari; as previous except Ismail Bhatti; Malir, Karachi, 21. v. 1959, Azim; Karachi, 30. ix. 1949, T. H. Khan.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Reported in Pakistan from Murree, Islamabad, Sialkot, Lahore and Faisalabad by Mehmood <i>et al</i>. (1996), and also from Shogran, Kaghan Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Staven, 2001, unpublished data). This species has a wide distribution throughout the tropical and subtropical Old World, and regularly migrates into northern Europe and northern Asia (Pittaway & Kitching, 2013).</p>Published as part of <i>Rafi, Muhammad Ather, Sultan, Amir, Kitching, Ian J., Pittaway, Anthony R., Markhasiov, Maxim, Khan, Muhammad Rafique & Naz, Falak, 2014, The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), pp. 393-418 in Zootaxa 3794 (3)</i> on page 400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/230551">http://zenodo.org/record/230551</a>
Impact of Globalization on Industrial sector growth In Pakistan
No full textGlobalization is a multidimensional concept that affects the economic growth of different countries differently and within economies different sectors of the economy differently. The study examines the long and short effects of globalization on the industrial sector of Pakistan's economy. Globalization index is used for Globalization, time-series data for the years 1980 to 2015 is utilized. To check the stationarity used Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) has been applied to find the long and short-run association among industrial sector growth, globalization, and explanatory variables. After diagnostics, the error correction model evidenced the existence of long-run Co-integration Exits industrial sector growth and globalization. Globalization boosted the growth of and industrial sector in Pakistan
Impact of Modernized Agriculture and Trade on Carbon Emissions: The Role of Fossil Fuel and Renewable Energy Consumption Evidenced from ASEAN States
No full textSustainable development goals developed to reduce the level of climate transformation and its effects, this study explores the causal association between aggregate energy consumption resources, trade liberalization, CO2 emissions, and modern agriculture in selected ASEAN nations from 2000 to 2018 with the help of panel FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square). Empirical findings have shown that the value addition level of agricultural products minimizes CO2 emissions in those countries where pollution is high. And found a positive relationship between energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Trade liberalization has made it possible to reduce CO2 emissions in economies where environmental pollution is getting lower. While the use of fossil fuels has intensified CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption has confirmed positive effects on the pollution of the environment. While Climate-smart agriculture preferred institutions to raise income and productivity, adjusting to climate change sustainably leads to decreased greenhouse gas emissions. For example, new energy resources, renewable energy help keep the environment clean and healthy. It avoids excessive dependency on fossil fuel energy for the determinants of the agriculture sector. On the other hand, Trade policy can motivate the flow of investment opportunities and technology for a specialty in economies of scale and production. Therefore, examining strategies that encourage the agricultural sector\u27s productivity and creating active markets for international trade in ASEAN countries will improve living standards and keep the environment clean and healthy
Impact of Budget Deficit on Inflation: A Case Study of Pakistan
No full textAbstract
The research is concerned with examining the effect of budget deficit on inflation a case of Pakistan economy. As inflation is one of the most prominent macro-economic indicator which tells us about how the prices in country are reacting and subsequently how other factors are being affected. So in this study we have analyzed the effect of budget deficit on inflation. As Pakistan is a developing nation where inflation and budget deficit are two major issues so for that reason we included the effect of budget deficit. The dependent variable is inflation and independent variables are money supply, GDP growth, unemployment, official exchange rate and fiscal deficit. The data is from 1985 to 2017. For checking unit root we applied augmented dickey fuller test and the study applied the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) method. The data is taken from world development indicator and from Pakistan Economic Survey. The results conclude that budget deficit, GDP growth and money supply have positive impact while unemployment and official exchange rate have negative impact. The study suggests that the government should focus on generating new revenue sources rather the foreign financing
Folio
No full textPlatinum EditionGod Bless Them! pp. 1; In Memory of Prof. Khurshid A. Gill. pp. 2; Sandhu, M. Y.-Poetry-Memories of the Bye-gones. pp. 2; Arif Qureshi-In dulcet memory... pp. 3-4; Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Reminiscences. pp. 4; Ravia Shabeen-The Folio (Registering its History). pp. 5-6; Folio (Year by Year). pp. 7-8; Interview-The Living Legend (F.E. Chaudhry is the oldest Formanite alive, to the best of our knowledge). pp. 9-10; Interview-An Hour with Mian Muhammad Somroo. pp. 11-12; Zainab Mohsin-Buildings. pp. 13-14; Agha Mohsin Sohail-Formanites Are Great. pp. 15-17; Once A Formanite... Always A Formanite. pp. 18-20; Haque Nawaz Cheema-Love for my Institution. pp. 21; Agha Saeed-Old is Gold, New is Silver. pp. 22; Lamia Islam Khan-My Favourite Place. pp. 23; Sara Kanwal-Motivation Forever. pp. 24-25; Bilkis Hussain-Before Sunset. pp. 26; Farid A. 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Zohaib-Love in Politics. pp. 54; Fatima Arif-Waiting to be Loved like Before. pp. 55-56; Azzam Saddique-Essay-My Symphony for the Deaf. pp. 57-59; Rabiya Khawar-The Quaid-e-Azam. pp. 60-61; Tajwar Ali-Essay-The Unique Location of My Gilgit Baltistan. pp. 62-63; Ramla Ashfaq-Turn Minus Into Plus. pp. 64; Furqan Ali Akhtar-My Childhood Love. pp. 65-66; Kashifa Khalid-Silent Screams. pp. 67-68; Beenish Khokhar-Where we Started? Where we end? pp. 69-70; Omer Habib-Falling Apart. pp. 71; Sobia Kiran-A Speech by my Dream-Minister. pp. 72-74; Interview-An Evening with Javed Iqbal. pp. 75-79; Adil Khurram-Story-Deception. pp. 81-82; Shehzad, M. Shehril-Story-Whatever happened to... pp. 83; Bhatti, M. Umar-Story-Spell. pp. 84-85; Usman Khalid-Story-Love. pp. 86; Umer Murtaza Qureshi-Story-Road Kill. pp. 87-88; Shehzad, M. Shehril-Story-...as I sat down, I sensed something was Different... pp. 89; Hassan Noor Assad-Story-Born Again. pp. 90; Muhammad Adeel-Story-The Cookies. pp. 91-92; Waseem Anwar-Poetry-Out West and the Rule of the Law. pp. 93; Zainab Mohsin-Poetry-Life goes on. pp. 94; Bilkis Hussain-Poetry-Paint me, please. pp. 94; Minam Ahmed-Poetry-Mother. pp. 95; Usman Nasir-Poetry-My tears. pp. 95; Jahanzaib Aslam-Poetry-Untitled. pp. 96; Mehwish Shafi-Poetry-A Fairy Who Lives with Me. pp. 96; Rashion Sajid-Poetry-Old days. pp. 97; Abdul Rehman-Poetry-Essence. pp. 97; Saadia Riaz Sehole-Poetry-Can you justify it? pp. 98; Saad Sarfraz Sheikh-Poetry-The Wishlist thing of mine. pp. 98; Razzaq, M. 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They are made. pp. 131-132; Fraaz Mehmud-Romanticism as a Pillar of Nationalism. pp. 133-134; Fizza Ali Shah-Is mobile phone use among youngsters really a menace? pp. 135-136; Mehreen Ali Kasana-One Muffled Scream. pp. 137-138; Kamal ud Din-Dr. Kamal ud Din. pp. 139-140; Miss Zara Hussain. pp. 141; Miss Saima Saleem. pp. 142; Beenish Khokhar-Unforgettable Tour. pp. 143-144; Rizwan Kamran-The Teacher. pp. 145; Maryam Azhar-IT: A New, Challenging Dimension. pp. 146-148; Folio [Urdu] 148 p.Editorial Board (English). 2 pages before Editorial; Advisory Board. 1 page before Editorial; Prof. Khurshid A. Gill & Mr Perviaz Rehmatullah. page 1; F. E. Chaudhry. after page 10; Mian Muhammad Somroo. before page 11; Society Presidents. before page 29; Political Cartoons created by Javed Iqbal (Famous Cartoonist). on 2 pages, after page 79; 20 pages of pictures, Memories, Commencement 2008: Convocation, Valedictory 2009, Sports Day, Line Work, The Story of Yester Years, People Who Make Difference, Campus Life, Societies, Drama. after page 148; Folio Team with Prof Dr K. K. Aziz. after page 8 (Urdu side); Editorial Board (Urdu). 1 page before Urdu Content
Hybridity in TV commercials constructing the modernity: a critical discourse analysis approach
No full textAdvertisements play a really important role in our society and for the economy of our country. As all of the popular TV shows are produced in association with or sponsored by a specific product. So, we have a tendency to area unit nothing without advertisements. The basic aim of this qualitative study was to explore the construction of innovation and modernity through the hybrid discourse of language used in TV commercials. For this purpose, ten advertisements from different daily streaming channels were selected. Pakistani advertising discourse is hybrid, complicated, and mixed at different levels (words, image phrases, and clauses) regarding mixing English words with Urdu words and by representing English in Roman and Urdu alphabets and by showing different images. So, we will say that this study argues that hybrid advertising helps to provide a brand new discourse of
hybridity within the Pakistani context. This study investigates, however, language admixture is deployed in Pakistani commercial advertising. For this purpose, this study deploys the framework of James Paul Gee to research industrial advertisements from four channels streaming in Pakistan that are ARY, HUM, Geo and the Express group of media. The choice of advertisements for the analysis is predicated on the dominant influence of advertisements on the ideology of those that however the employment of language and language mixing in advertising is constructing new versions of modernity and innovation in our society.It was self-funded research
Impact of Taxation on Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
No full textForeign direct investment plays a vital role in promoting economic growth, especially for developing economies. It causes improvement in the different sectors such as education, healthcare, manufacturing industries, and creates more jobs. The speed of FDI inflows has been increasing in Pakistan each year. In order to attract more FDI, many countries try to reframe their tax policies by introducing different tax incentives such as tax holidays, investment allowances, exemptions, deductions etc. The purpose of the present paper is to find the implication of taxation in the decision of FDI inflows in Pakistan. Time series data is used spanning over 1985 to 2020. The data was obtained from two sources: the “World Development Indicator” (WDI) and “Economic Survey of Pakistan”. “Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag” (ARDL) and “Error Correction Model” (ECM) techniques are used for empirical analysis. The study concludes that low taxes motivate foreign investors' investment contribution and the long-run relationship between taxes and FDI in Pakistan. Other control variables, including GDP growth, trade openness and exchange rate, positively impact FDI. It is suggested that decision-makers should direct policies to reduce the taxes to welcome FDI in Pakistan. In this regard, the government needs to reconsider its priorities while making policies favouring FDI
Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC): Empirically Examined Long Run Association Between Globalization, Financial Development and CO2 Emission for ASEAN Countries
No full textoai:ojs2.journals.internationalrasd.org:article/485This study mainly inspects the effect of globalization and financial expansion on CO2 emissions in the existence of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) framework for ASEAN economies, firstly the study employs the cross-sectional dependence econometric test. Results of CADF, CIPS unit root test, LM test, panel Kao Cointegration, Johansen Fisher test and Panel ARDL investigation revealed that (i) the hypothesis of EKC supports in ASEAN economies (ii) financial expansion and consumption of energy subsidize to the Co2 productions while urbanization has positive and globalization negative affiliation with carbon dioxide emissions (iii) the data is heterogeneous and cross-sectional dependence test confirms that there exit cross sections dependency (iv) Co-integration test confirms that variables are co-integrated, urbanization has an order of integration is I(0) and a square of GDP, economic development, globalization, financial expansion, use of energy and CO2 emission have an order of integration is I(1). Moreover, it is recommended that the authorities of ASEAN economies give some special consideration to the globalization level. Since better institutional reforms, institutional quality is vital to upsurge financial development and globalization improved financial growth
Natural Resources Depletion and Economic Growth: Evidence from ASEAN Countries
No full textThe economic growth of any country determines how developed a country is. It determines the development of any economy. However, many factors such as less labor, fewer resources, destruction of land etc., are now devaluating the economic growth and killing it. This question is of much importance as it frustrates the financial analysts and researchers. Therefore, the present study investigates the said problem in ten Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries as the traditional growth has slowed down in these countries, and to see what factors are damaging their economic economic growth. The data of 25 years is collected from Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The independent variables are natural resources depletion, mineral depletion, and energy depletion and their effects are measured on the economic growth of respective countries. The control variables are population growth and per capita income. For analysis, we have conducted cross-sectional-dependence, homogeneity tests for seeing whether the factors are heterogeneous or not. The framework for all countries has been examined using CIPS unit root test. For measuring the directional hypothesis, we have used Konya Granger causality tests. The results indicate that natural resources depletion and mineral depletion have been major causes to destroy the economic growth of many countries. This study helps the analysts to focus on how they can have more natural, mineral, and energy resources to gauge with the growing need for the betterment of economy
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